Lecture 2 Back Vowels

Practice 前元音：[i:] [i] [e] [æ] [i:] 1. 单词朗读： eat tea tree knee key field peach green 2. 短语朗读： keep sheep eat meat three weeks leave the team

3. 句子朗读： 1) Do you see the key on the seat? 2) You can see the sea from here under the tree. 3) There is a little bee on your right knee. 4) This kind of fish can be seen only in the deep sea.

4. 绕口令： He went to sea to see what he could see at sea to draw, but all he saw is what we always see at sea—see?

5. 根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。 1. seat rain bean cat 2. gift feet teacher dog 3. pig star tree jeep 4. sweet sea fish the

[i] 1. 单词朗读： fish baby pig study hill city six baby 2. 短语朗读： in this district my little sister a silly mistake in the clinic

3. 句子朗读： 1) His sister often sits on the hill and looks at the ships. 2) A big pig is playing with a chick 3) The little fish is swimming happily in the river. 4) Jim likes to live in the big city.

4. 绕口令： Bill isn’t as thin as Tim. Dick isn’t as fat as Jim. They do the same thing. The same house they live in.

5. 根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。 1. sofa sit kick lip 2. ink gift jam ship 3. hand picture big sister 4. hot lick pig jelly

[e] 1.单词朗读： bed pen desk dress head bread red ready 2. 短语朗读： refresh my memory never remember them get a message a yellow dress

3. 句子朗读： 1) The red dress is on Becky’s bed. 2) There’s a yellow egg near the hen’s left leg. 3) Let’s get ready for the lesson. 4) It is never to be late to mend.

4. 绕口令： 1) Betty buys ten pieces of bread for breakfast every Wednesday. 2) Ben sent Helen ten hens and Helen sent Ben ten pens.

5. 根据发音规则，找出每组中不发[e]的单词。 1. cat well leg pen 2. sweat map pet elephant 3. egg ten tall desk 4. bread head bed toy

[æ] 1. 单词朗读： apple fat bag bad cap glad hand 2. 短语朗读： a happy family sad to be mad glad to be flattered stand at the back

3. 句子朗读： 1) The sad man sat there with a bad bag in his hand. 2) Cat, cat, catch that fat rat. 3) That’s not a cat. It’s a rabbit. 4) The fat man in the black hat is a fat cat.

4. 绕口令： 1) A fat man sat on the black cat and the black cat was squashed flat, for the man was mad. 2) Jack often comes back. He has a black hat. He sits on a mat. Tam’s in his hat.

5. 根据发音规则，找出每组中发[æ]的单词。 1. rat bed face sport 2. hear cup fat pear 3. rice bat finger tree 4. sea young knife apple

写出下列单词的元音音标并拼读单词： 1. beckon 2. beetle 3. batch 4. spill 5. clench 6. concede 7. constrict 8. deceit 9. descent 10. enact 11. embed 12. filth 13. guild 14. hatch 15. hinge 16. lavish 17. ledge 18. mash 19. peg 20. ramp

1. [‘bekən] 2. [‘bi:tl] 3. [bætʃ] Keys: 1. [‘bekən] 2. [‘bi:tl] 3. [bætʃ] 4. [spil] 5. [klentʃ] 6. [kən’si:d] 7. [kən’strikt] 8. [di’si:t] 9. [di’sent] 10. [i’nækt] 11. [im’bed] 12.[filθ] 13. [gild] 14. [hætʃ] 15. [hindʒ] 16. [‘læviʃ] 17. [ledʒ] 18. [mæʃ] 19. [peg] 20. [ræmp]

后元音：[ɑ:] [ɔ] [ɔ:] [u] [u:] 发音时舌端离下齿，舌后部抬高。 [ɑ:]舌端离下齿，舌后略抬高，舌位较低；唇形自然略成圆形；牙床开。 a fast car a starved artist a laugh star half past nine The dancing part stopped at half past five. He laughs best who laughs last. A large army marched past the grassland.

a [ɑ:] pass, ask, after（[ss, sk, f]前) al [ɑ:] half, calm（f, m前） ar [ɑ:] far, arm (marry [‘mæri]除外)（重读音节中）

[ɔ]舌端离下齿，舌后略抬高，略高于[ɑ:]；双唇自然成圆形，略小于后元音[ɑ:]；牙床近于开，但略小于后元音[ɑ:]。 clocks and watches cotton socks borrow a novel wash the mop John has got a pot of hot water. Lots and lots of clocks and watches have gone wrong. The robber’s name is Robert.

a [ɔ] watch, what (water [‘wɔ:tə]除外)（w / wh + a) o [ɔ] hot, cock（重读闭音节中）

[ɔ:]舌端离下齿，舌后抬高，明显高于[ɔ]；唇形较圆，比后元音[ɔ]更圆；牙床半开，较[ɔ]的开口程度小。 more score short stories forty horses to put more salt Your four daughters are all very tall. The reporter gave an important talk in the auditorium. You ought to do what the doctor ordered.

al [ɔ:] ball, talk (always ['ɔ:lweiz] , salt [sɔ:lt], also ['ɔ:lsəu]除外)（辅音之前） au, aw [ɔ:] caught, saw (aunt [ɑ:nt], because [bi’kɔz]除外)（重读音节中） or [ɔ:] morning, horse（重读音节中） ou [ɔ:] bought, thought（在ght前） ore [ɔ:] store, before（重读音节中）

比较[ɑ:]和[ɔ]，[ɔ:]和[ɔ] [ɑ:] [ɔ] [ɔ:] [ɔ] dark dock cork cock guard god short shot sharp shop chalk chock heart hot cord cod

[u] 舌端离下齿，舌后抬高，明显高于[ɔ:]的舌位，但比[ɔ:]的舌位略向前；唇形自然，圆而小；牙床半合。 look for the cook a good-looking woman took the book cook the soup The cook understood the sugar was not good. He took a book to the wood and had a good look at it. The woman couldn’t push the cart full of wood.

oo [u] book, look（在k前）

[u:] 舌端离下齿，舌后抬高，明显高于[u]，是后元音中舌位最高的一个；唇形尽量收缩成小而圆，明显小于[u]的唇形；牙床接近合，但是舌位不接触上颚，没有摩擦。 food and soup blue boots choose a good school at noon in June That news is too good to be true. That student blew up a blue balloon on an afternoon in June. As a rule, Sue is foolish and stupid at school.

oo [u:] cool, noon (foot [fut]除外)

音节的种类： 开音节、闭音节 1.开音节：以元音字母结尾，或以辅音字母（r 除外），加不发音的e结尾的重读音节叫开音节。在开音节中元音读它的“字母名称”的读音。 he [hi:], face [feis], joke [dʒəuk], go [gəu]

开音节又分两种情况——“绝对开音节”和“相对开音节”。 1)绝对开音节：以要读音的元音字母或后跟一个不发音的“e”结尾的音节，如:he, she, me, shy, no, go, lie, tie, die等。 2)相对开音节：发音的元音字母后跟一个（或多个）发音的辅音字母+不发音的元音字母“e”构成的音节。 如：lake, cake, take, haste, strange, time, waste, mute, paste, nose, rose, these

2.闭音节：由一个元音字母和一个或几个辅音字母（r, w和y除外），结尾的重读音节叫闭音节。在闭音节中，元音字母读字母相应的短音： a [æ], e [e], i或y [i], o [ɔ], u [ʌ] bag [bæg], bed [bed], big [big], cock [kɔk], cup [kʌp]