被動語態 ＠思考一下： 1.何謂主動？ 何謂被動呢？

比較一下下面兩個句子 （A）Tom ate the apple. (B）The apple was eaten by Tom. 這兩個句子描述的均是同一件事。 唯一的差別在於『主動』或『被動』

所謂被動語態 中例：「小狗咬我」是主動的語法； 「我被小狗咬」則是被動的語。 定義：乃「及物動詞」的主詞與受詞互 調位置與位格的句子型態。 英例：The dog bit me. （主動語態 ） I was bitten by the dog. （被動語態 ）

基本句型： 主詞 1 及物動詞 2 受詞 3 受詞變新主詞 3 be＋PP 2 . by＋原主詞變新受詞　1

重點一：現在簡單式被動句 肯定句: 主動: 主詞 + V 被動: 主詞＋ bev (is / am / are)＋p.p. ＋by＋受詞否定句: 主動: 主詞 + don’t / doesn’t + V 被動 :主詞 ＋ beV.＋not ＋p.p.＋by＋受詞 主動語態Active Voice 被動語態 Passive Voice （肯）Mom cleans my room. My room is cleaned by Mom every week. （否）Mom doesn’t clean room. My room isn’t cleaned by Mom.

重點二：過去式被動句 ＊肯定句 主詞＋beV.(was / were)＋p.p.＋by＋受詞 ＊否定時 主詞＋was / were＋not＋p.p.＋by＋受詞 主動語態Active Voice 被動語態 Passive Voice （肯定）He washed the dishes. The dishes were washed by him. （否定）He didn't wash the dishes. The dishes weren’t washed by him.

重點三：含有意義的助動詞 主動:主詞+ 助動詞 + V. 被動 :主詞+ 助動詞 +beV + p.p. (by +人) 主動語態Active Voice 被動語態 Passive Voice 1. I will buy food. Food will be bought by me 2. Lisa will not teach him. He won’t be taught by Lisa. 3. Mary should not do it. It should not be done by Mary.

重點四：進行式+ 被動 主動:主詞＋be ＋ Ving. 被動:主詞＋be＋being＋pp.＋by＋受詞 主動語態Active Voice 被動語態 Passive Voice He is singing the song. The song is being sung by him. He was not singing the song. The song was not being sung by him.

重點五：現在完成+被動 主動語態Active Voice 被動語態 Passive Voice 主動 : 主詞 + have / has + pp.. 被動:主詞＋ have/ has＋been＋pp.＋by＋受詞 主動語態Active Voice 被動語態 Passive Voice He has mopped the floor. The floor has been mopped by him. He has not mopped the floor. The floor has not been mopped by him.

被動語態: be +pp. *簡單現在式: is / are/ am (not) +pp. *簡單過去式: was / were (not)+ pp. *簡單未來式: will (not) be + pp. *現在進行式: is / are / am(not)+ being + pp. *過去進行式: was / were(not) + being + pp. *現在完成式: have / has(not) +been +pp. *含助動詞: can/ should /may(not)+be +pp.

例：Dad washes the dishes after dinner every day. 　The dishes are washed by Dad after dinner every day. The dishes are not washed by Dad after dinner every day. 1.Laura answered the phone. (肯定) The phone was answered by Laura. 2. Michael Jackson sang the song. (否定) The song wasn’t sung by Michael Jackson. 5. Eric found the car key this morning. (肯定) The car key was found by Eric this morning. 6. Steven will read the storybook after lunch. (否定) The storybook won’t be read by Steven after lunch. 9. We have finished our report. (肯定) Our report has been finished by us. 10.Heidi was hanging the clothes outside the house. (否定) The clothes weren’t being hung outside the house by Heidi.

1. Yes, the song was sung by Jolin. Was the song sung by Jolin? 三. 依畫線處寫出原問句或改寫 1. Yes, the song was sung by Jolin. Was the song sung by Jolin? 5. Did someone send them to the hospital right away? (改為被動) Were they sent to the hospital right away? 六.依提示寫出含被動式的句子 例: The classroom is cleaned by the students every morning. 1. the book / just / lend / Joe The book was just lent by Joe. 3.the paper umbrella / can/ use/ to decorate the house The paper umbrella can be used to decorate the house. 5. the garbage / take out / my sister / every evening The garbage is taken out by my sister every evening.

注意 do / does / did只用來表達原句動詞的否定或疑問，故改被動時不必出現 例：I didn't break the window. 》The window was not broken by me. 若做動作的人是眾所皆知的一般大眾.(例如：we / you / they / someone / people等)，或是不明確的時 則可省略 by +人 People grow rice in Taiwan. Rice is grown (by people) in Taiwan My bike was stolen yesterday. 主動語態與被動語態的動詞時態一致.

其他動詞的特殊被動語態 1： 1.S (物）+ need + Ving. My car need to be washed. My car need washing. 2.使役動詞被動 Dad made me clean my room. → I was made to clean my room. 3.感官動詞被動 We saw him walk into the room. He was seen to walk into the room.

其他動詞的特殊被動語態 2： 4.授與動詞. Dad gave me a new watch. → I was given a new watch. → A new watch was given to me. 5.祈使句被動 Open the door. → Let the door to be opened. 6.Who當主詞的被動語態 Who wrote the letter? → By whom was the letter written?

其他含有被動語態的用法 情態動詞 S + be + p.p. + 介係詞+Ving be interested in be bored with be confused about be surprised at be excited about be tired of be satisfied with be worried about be disappointed at be embarrassed by

其他慣用法(pp轉換為形容詞) be broken : My leg was broken. be gone : My wallet was gone. be lost: His dogs were lost. be done with: The work was done with me. be married to: Sue was married to Tom. be finished: The homework was finished.