被动语态 牛津8B Unit 3 四川省巴中市巴州区水宁寺镇小学 赖丽琼 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼.

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1 被动语态 牛津8B Unit 3 四川省巴中市巴州区水宁寺镇小学 赖丽琼 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

2 牛津8B Unit 3被动语态 英语动词的语态 ⑴主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 ⑵被动语态：主语是动作的承受者
例： We 　　 speak 　 English. （主动语态） 　　　　主 　 谓 　 宾 　　　English 　is spoken 　by us. （被动语态） 　　　　　主 　　 谓 介词+宾语 　　　 主动语态 被动语态 We clean the classroom The classroom is cleaned by us. She closed the window The window was closed by her. He wrote a letter last night A letter was written by him. 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

3 The simple past tense: (一般过去时)
被动语态的构成 主语 + be + 过去分词 + 其他 The simple present tense: (一般现在时) I am(not) Caught You/We/They are(not) She/He/It is(not) The simple past tense: (一般过去时) I was(not) Caught You/We/They were(not) She/He/It 带情态动词的被动语态： I can(not) may(not) must(not) should(not) be Caught You/We/They She/He/It 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

4 被动语态的用法：（见课本P45） 1．当动作执行者显而易见时。（即没必要指出动作的执行者)
Our classroom is cleaned every day. 2．当我们不知道或不能想起谁是动作的执行者时。 Ｔhe cars were made in Tianjing in 1995 . 3．当我们认为行为（动作）比谁是这个行为（动作）的执行者更重要时。 The red coats in this shop were sold out yesterday. 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

5 主动语态与被动语态的谓语动词形式 (以动词do为例)
时 态　 动词的主动形式 动词的被动形式 一般现在时 do(does) am/is/are done 一般过去时 did was/were done 一般将来时 will do will be done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 过去将来时 would do would be done （另：　　　　　情态动词+do 情态动词+be done) 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

6 被动语态的谓语动词形式 时 态 动词的被动形式 例 句
时 态　 动词的被动形式　　　　例　　　　句 一般现在时 \amis\are done　　　　He is asked to do this.　　 一般过去时 was\were done　　　The room was cleaned by her mother.　 一般将来时 will be done The trees will be cut down tomorrow. 现在进行时 am\is\are being done　　The book is being written.　 过去进行时 was\wrere being done　At that time the desk was being made. 现在完成时 have\has been done　 The building has been built. 过去完成时 had been done　 He said that his homework had been done. 过去将来时 would be done　 They said the trees would be planted soon 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

7 被动语态的各种句型 The book is liked by young people. (肯定句)
The book isn’t liked by young people.　（否定句） Is the book liked by young people ?　（一般疑问句） Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t. (回答) Whom \ Who is the book liked by ?（特殊疑问句） The room is cleaned, isn’t it? (反义疑问句) 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

8 主动语态改为被动语态的方法 1..把主动句中的宾语改成被动句的主语, 原主语改成宾语．
2 动词改为被动形式 be +P.P (同时注意时态)． 3 原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物， 如果没有必要则省去． .例：(1) We speak English （主动语态） 主 谓 宾 English is spoken by us. 主 谓 介词+宾语 (2) The man 　　 killed 　　a tiger. A tiger　 　was killed 　　by the man. 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

9 特殊句型的被动语态 　　一　 双宾语　 give ,pass ,show， teach , tell等动词常常带有两个宾语即双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语，改为被动语态时，可以选其中任何一个作主语。如果直接宾语作主语，那么间接宾语前要加相应的介词to/for。但ask , answer 后的双宾语，一般将间接宾语（人）变为主语；buy, make 等后的双宾语，一般将直接宾语（物）变为主语． 例：① He gave me a pen. = He gave a pen to me. 间 直 直 间 → I was given a pen by him. 间 →A pen was given to me by him. 直 ② My mother bought me a new coat.= My mother bought a new coat for me 直 间 → A new coat was bought for me by my mother. 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

10 特殊句型的被动语态 　 二　使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,　see,　listen to,　find ,　watch,　feel　等），在主动语态中，其后作宾语补足语的不定式不带to，但是在改成被动语态时必须加to，另外help在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须加to。 例：①　Mother often makes me do some housework. 　　→I am often made to do some housework by mother. ②　We saw him run into the classroom. 　　→He was seen to run into the classroom by us. 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

11 特殊句型的被动语态 三 复合宾语 含有宾语补足语的句子改为被动语态,只能把宾语作为被动语态的主语。（宾补放在原来位置不变）
三 　复合宾语 含有宾语补足语的句子改为被动语态,只能把宾语作为被动语态的主语。（宾补放在原来位置不变） 　 例：① We call him Tom. 主　谓　宾 宾补 　　　　 → Ｈe is called Tom by us. ② He found the book very interesting. → The book was found very interesting by him. 四 　不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。 　 例：① Ｗe should speak to old people politely. →Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us). ② He took away the box.. →The box was taken away by him. 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

12 没有被动语态的动词 　 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: happen \ take place（发生）, break out(爆 发)，break down (坏了) , appear,　die， end, fail, last, lie,, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, belong to, consist of等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态． 2. 大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来), taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。 3. 表示状态或特征的动词. 如 have, cost, fit, suit 等没有被动形式. 例：　　①　Ｔhe milk tastes strange. 　　 　　 ②　The story happened in in 2000. 　　 ③　The meeting lasted for 2 hours. 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

13 被动语态练习 一、单项选择：(注意语态和时态.) 1. The tall building____１０ years ago.
A built B was built C is built D builds B 2 What a nice garden! It ____ every day. A is cleaning B was cleaning C must clean D is cleaned D 3 The trees ____ every day. A water B must watered C must be watered D has watered C 4 If the child____, please telephone the police. A found B is found C was found D has found 5 _____ this kind of question often____ in your class, Li Ping? A Does, ask B Is, asked C Has, asked D Will, ask 6 She is ofen seen _____ basketball on the playground. A play B to play C plays D playing 7 Rice _____ in South China. A grows B is grow C is grown D are grown 8 We ______ trees in spring. A plant B are planted C are planting D will plant A 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

14 被动语态练习 二、动词填空： (注意语态和时态.) 1 The room_____________ (clean) just now.
　　二、动词填空： (注意语态和时态.) 　1 The room_____________ (clean) just now. was cleaned 　 Trees _____________ (plant) in spring every year. are planted 　 3 The room ________________ (should clean) every day. should be cleaned 　 4 This jacket ______________ (make) of cotton. is made 　5 Sandy ________ just _________ (sweep) the floor. has sweeped 　6 Oh, the milk ____________ (taste) strange, do you think it’s OK to drink? tastes 　7 The story ____________ (happen) in 2005. happened 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼

15 被动语态练习 三、句型转换：变被动语态 1 People use knives for cutting things.
Knives are used for cutting things. 2 We must speak to older people politely. Old people must be spoken to politely (by us). 3 We finished our homework yesterday. Our homework was finished yesterday. 4 He gave me a book just now. I was given a book by him just now. A book was given to me by him just now. 5 we often heard her sing this song. She is often heard to sing this song by us. 被动语态　四川巴中水宁　赖丽琼