项目三（3） 出口管理措施 重点 出口鼓励措施 1 出口管制措施 2

第一节 出口鼓励措施 一、出口信贷 指一个国家的银行为了鼓励商品出口，增强商品的竞争能力，对本国出口商或国外的进口商、进口方银行提供的优惠贷款。

出口信贷的种类 卖方信贷 （suppler’s credit） 买方信贷 （buyer’s credit） 借贷关系

出口信贷的种类 短期 信贷 信贷 期限 长期 信贷 中期信贷

出口信贷的特点 必须联系出口项目 利率低 贷款金额 与出口信贷担保结合

二、出口信贷国家担保制 （export credit guarantee system） 指国家为了扩大出口，对本国出口商或商业银行向国外进口商或银行提供的信贷，由国家设立的专门机构出面担保。当国外债务人拒绝付款时，这个国家机构即按照承保的数额给予补偿。

出口信贷国家担保制主要内容： ●担保项目与金额：政治风险（85—95%） 经济风险（70—80%） ●担保对象： 对出口厂商的担保 ●担保对象：　　　 对出口厂商的担保 　　　　　　　　　 对银行的直接担保 ●担保期限： 短期（6个月左右） 中长期（2—15年）

三、出口补贴（export subsides） 直接补贴 （direct subsides） 种类 间接补贴 （indirect subsides

四、商品倾销 间歇或 掠夺性 倾销 偶然性 倾销 1 2 种类 3 长期性倾销

五、外汇倾销 (Exchange Dumping) 是指出口企业利用本国货币对外贬值的机会，进行商品倾销，争夺国外市场的一种特殊手段。能起到促进出口和限制进口的双重作用。

其他国家不同时实行同等程度的货币贬值或采取其他报复性措施 五、外汇倾销 外汇倾销不能无限制和无条件地进行，只有具备以下条件才能奏效： 2 其他国家不同时实行同等程度的货币贬值或采取其他报复性措施 货币贬值的程度要大于国内物价上涨的程度 1

六、促进出口的行政组织措施 措施 组织出口商 评奖活动 贸易 代表团互访 组织贸易 展览会 情报网 设立专门研究和制定出口战略的组织 建立商业 情报网 措施 设立专门研究和制定出口战略的组织

七、经济特区措施 1 2 经济特区 不属于关境 一般设在交通便利的地方 经济特区提供良好设施 采取优惠政策吸引外资 3 4 经济特区的特点

(一) 自由港（Free Port）和自由贸易区(Free Trade Zone) 七、经济特区措施 (一) 自由港（Free Port）和自由贸易区(Free Trade Zone) 把整个港口或港区所在的 城市都划为自由港 自由港 把港口或港区的所在城 市的一部分划为自由港 自由港

自由贸易区与自由港的区别 1 2 自由度 不同 关税的 豁免不同

（二）保税区（bonded area） 是海关所设置的或经海关批准注册的特定地区和仓库。 自1990年5月以来，中国已建成了上海外高桥、张家港、沙头角和盐田港等15个保税区。

同：出口加工区是在自由港、自由贸易区的基础上发展起来的，它与自由港虽均为经济特区。 （三）出口加工区 （Export Processing Zone） 同：出口加工区是在自由港、自由贸易区的基础上发展起来的，它与自由港虽均为经济特区。 异：自由港或自由贸易区以发展转口贸易，取得商业方面的收益为主，是面向贸易的；而出口加工区则是以发展出口加工工业，取得工业方面的收益为主，是面向工业的。

第二节 出口管制措施 出口管制的商品 出口管制的形式 美欧对中国的 出口管制

出口管制的措施 一、含义 出口管制 ( Export Control ) 是指出口国政府通过各种经济和行政的措施 , 对本国出口贸易进行管制的行为。

二、出口管制的形式 单边出 口管制 如：美国贸易管理局 形 式 多边出 口管制 如：巴统

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