Discovering Useful Structures Unit 1 Great scientists Discovering Useful Structures

动名词 v-ing 非 谓 语 动 词 现在分词 v-ed 过去分词 to do 动词不定式

动词 + ed的变化规则： 1. 一般情况下，直接加ed，如：work+ed 2. 以e结尾的，词尾直接加d，如：live—lived 3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y改i加ed，如：cry—cried 4. 如果末尾是重读闭音节，则双写最后一个辅音字母加ed，如：stop—stopped 5. 不规则变化，详见P104 辅元辅结构

Predicative(表语) -ed form Attribute(定语) & 1. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London 2.They exposed themselves to cholera. He got inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 3.Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. 4.He knew he would never be controlled until its cause was found. 5.People absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected person was dead 6.It came from the river, which had been polluted by the dirty water from London 7.He told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used 8.In addition, he found 2 other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. 9.He announced that polluted water carried the disease. 10.He suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to the polluted water anymore 11.Because they were given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump Predicative(表语) -ed form used as Attribute(定语) &

1.什么是定语？ 对名词或代词进行修饰、限定的成分，位置可在该名词或代词的前后皆可，意思为“…的”。 2.什么是表语？ 位于系动词之后，表示主语的性质、特征和状态。

系动词/连系动词 be动词（am, is, are） 5个感观动词 look, sound, feel, smell, taste 表示发展变化的动词become, turn, get, go, grow 表示保持不变 stay, remain, keep 表示“似乎，看起来” appear, seem 表示“原来是，结果是, 证明是” prove, turn out 最为常见

想想划线部分充当什么成分？ 1. So many thousands of terrified people died. 2. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. 3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people. 4. He stayed at home. attribute attribute predicative predicative

1．Past Participle used as attribute

位置 English is a widely used language. This is a school built in 1980s. 单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的 前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰 词的后面。

used My interest is collecting (use) stamps(旧邮票).

This (want) person(通缉犯) is a cook. wanted

Iphone7 (design) by Apple Company released today. designed that/which was designed

Practice

练习一． 句型转换 A thief stole the goat that was tired to the tree. =A thief stole the goat ______ to the tree. tired 2. The girl who is dressed in red is Kelly’s long-lost friend. = The girl _________________ is Kelly’s long-lost friend. dressed in red

burnt down in the sixteenth century 3. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt. = The castle, ___________ ______________________, was never rebuilt. burnt down in the sixteenth century 4. Father beat the son who was lost in the online games. =Father beat the son ________ in the online games. lost

注意

Is there anything unsolved? (还有什么问题没解决吗？) 单个过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词时，也要放在这些词后面。 Is there anything unsolved? (还有什么问题没解决吗？)

2.Past Participle used as predicative 过去分词作表语，放在系动词之后，表示主语所处的状态。

excited The person who feel (excite) are from China’s national women volleyball team.

过去分词作表语vs被动语态 1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的状态，此时相当于一个形容词。 2.被动语态的过去分词被动意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。 状态 ① The glass was broken. The glass was broken by Tom. 动作 状态 ② The windows are closed. The windows are closed by Jack. 动作

paid Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____(pay) by the hour. “get paid by the hour” 计时给报酬。get与已经形容词化的过去分词（表语）连用。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____(pay) by the hour. paid

短语积累 be prepared to do be interested in doing/sth be interested to do be worried about be concerned about be absorbed in doing/sth defeated enemy a boy named/called Bill cracked/broken window 准备好做某事 对…感兴趣（习惯） 对…感兴趣（一次性） 担心… 关心… 专注于… 被打败的敌人 一个叫Bill的男孩 打碎的窗户/玻璃

arrive frighten prepare concern Choose appropriate verbs, using the past participle. Explain the use of the past participle in each sentence arrive frighten prepare concern

arrive frighten prepare concern attribute predicative 1. They were prepared to accept my idea. 2. He was frightened of going alone into the empty house. 3. Recently arrived soldiers are helping to take the victims to safe areas from the flood. 4. Most of the newspaper seems to be concerned about pop stars.

& V-ed V-ing

现在分词: 表示主动的动作 过去分词: 表示被动的动作 1.语态上 The house standing at the corner of the street is built in 1982. He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens.

现在分词: 表示正在进行 过去分词: 表示完成 2.时间上 the develoed country the fallen leaves the developing country the develoed country the falling leaves the fallen leaves

用build填空 building 1.I know the people _______ the house there. 2.The house _____ over there is a shop. built 用publish填空 published 1.His book ________ last year sells well. 2.The press（出版社） _________ his book is very famous. publishing

3. 现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的特征、特性。 过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的心理感受或状态。 “-ed” 修饰人 “-ing” 修饰物

move moving moved At the sight of the scene, all the people present were to tears. 看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。 moving moved

excite excited We get when we see this picture. exciting

英语中这样的分词还有很多，如： amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; astonishing, astonished等。

Sum up 过去分词和V-ing形式的区别: 表主动的，进行的， 特征的---含有“令人……”之意 V-ing形式 表被动的，完成的， 　 表被动的，完成的， 表状态---含有“感到……”之意 V-ing形式 过去分词

Sum up 过去分词作定语和表语的区别: 定语 放在名词和代词的前面或后面 表示动作已经完成或被动 表语 放在be 动词或系动词的后面 定语　 放在名词和代词的前面或后面 表示动作已经完成或被动 表语　 放在be 动词或系动词的后面 说明主语的状态

B 1. The _______ look in her face suggested that she _______ it before. surprising, wouldn’t know surprised, hadn’t known surprising, hadn’t known surprised, shouldn’t know 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，表示人的表情、眼神、眼泪等。这种过去分词在形式上不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。

D 2. The man ______ there is my uncle. A. seat B. seating C. to seat D. seated seat (v.)“使……就坐”，“使……坐在……上”；这是个及物动词，通常与反身代词连用，或以过去分词形式出现。 He was seated. 他坐下了． He seated himself at a desk.他坐在桌旁。

Homework Review the grammar focus and finish exercises on P 17专项练习.

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