每一個人都有三種年齡 實際年齡 生理年齡 心識年齡 休閒運動與老化 每一個人都有三種年齡 實際年齡 生理年齡 心識年齡

老化現象 臺灣男生平均年齡74.4歲，女生80.6歲 產生很多假的老人，未老先衰。比時際年齡老20歲。 使自己成為永遠的年輕 之關鍵：高遠的生命目標 一顆想要學習的心。

AGEING AT WORK AGEING LIEFSTYLE WORK DISEASE

老化的意義 所謂老化(ageing)通常係指身體結構或功能減退或退化的現象。 老化是指個體成熟後，有機體的一種改變過程。老化是一種過程(process)間的交互作用，必需從生物、 心理、 社會等方面加以瞭解。 您老了嗎？ 如何檢查自己是否已經老化？ 心不想動，沒有想學習的心。

世界上最長壽的幾個文化種族 居住在厄瓜多爾安地斯山的維康巴斯人（Vilcambas） 居住在前蘇聯黑海地區的愛布克遜人（Abkhasians） 還有居住在北巴基斯坦喜馬拉亞山宏薩人（Hunzas）

曾經實地訪問過這些種族的研究人員驚異的是，這些人不但活得很長命，活得充滿活力，而且沒有跡象顯示他們患有一般現代化國家老人的退化性疾病。 「他們一直工作，遊玩到八十歲，甚至超過，大多數人到百歲生日時還非常活躍，退休一事是未曾聽說的。這些邊遠地區的老人家們因為年齡與智慧的累積，而生理的退化又有限，他們對社會有很獨特的貢獻，而且很受人尊崇。」 因為他們的飲食不含過量的蛋白質，造成他們實曲線的身形以及比較緩慢的生長過程。

影響老化的因素 成熟因素(maturational factors) 個體成熟後自然改變的過程,遺傳與基因 情緒因素(emotion factors) 正確的自我概念與生命方向 健康因素(health factors) 適當的休閒運動與疾病的預防 環境因素(environmental factors) 生態環境與飲食的影響 生活習性(habitual of live) 個性與生活型態

Ageing and the work-orientation matrix -functional capacity -health -competence -workability -work exhaustion -unemployment -promotion of physical, mental and social resources -improving health -developing competence -coping with changes -participating -better functional capacities -better health -better competence -better work ability -less exhaustion -lower unemployment risk -better quality of life -productivity -competitiveness -sickness absence -tolerance for change -work organization -work environment -recruitment - -age-management -individual solutions -co-operation between age groups -age-ergonomics -work-rest schedules -flexible working times -part-time work -tailored competence-training -better total productivity -better competitiveness -less sick leaves -better management -competent manpower -better image -lower work disability costs -attitudes toward work and retirement -age-discrimination -early retirement -work disability costs -retirement costs -health care costs -dependency ratios -changing attitudes -preventing age-discrimination -improving age-concious work policy -changing age-concious exit policy -less age-discrimination -later retirement -lower unemployment costs -lower health care costs -better national economy -higher wellfare PROBLEMS/POSSIBILITIES MEANS/SOLUTIONS RESULTS/AIMS INDIVIDUAL ENTERPRISE SOCIETY

Education and Competence Health Physical Capacity Mental Capacity Social functioning Education and Competence Skills Knowledge Human resources Motivation Work satisfaction Values Attitudes Work Mental demands Work community Work Environment Physical demands Work Ability

Work Ability Employability Employment -Human resources -Working conditions Work Ability -Employment policy -Exit policy -Social and health services -Prevention of age-discrimination Employability Employment

Relations between age,experience,basic cognitive processes and work performance Negative Positive

Basic model to improve work ability during aging THE INDIVIDUAL (Functional capacities, health) Professional Competence ORGANIZATION LEADERSHIP (developmental, psychosocial and management issues) WORK ENVIRONMENT (ergonomics, hygiene, safety) COOD WORK ABILITY, AND HEALTH GOOD PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF WORK GOOD QUALITY OF LIFE AND WELL-BEING GOOD RETIREMENT ABILITY, MEANINGFUL, SUCCESSFUL, AND PRODUCTIVE “THIRD AGE”

In the poor category of work ability index by type of work and age 20 15 10 5 30 25 58 51 47 Age (years) Poor Work Ability, (%) ▲ ● ▓ ---▲---Physical work (N=102) ---●---Mixed work (N=48) ---▓---Mental work (N=155) MEN

In the poor category of work ability index by type of work and age 20 15 10 5 30 25 58 51 47 Age (years) Poor Work Ability, (%) ▲ ● ▓ ---▲---Physical work (N=130) ---●---Mixed work (N=143) ---▓---Mental work (N=240) Women

減緩老化的方法 休閒與運動 壓力管理 老化 正確的營養 醫療的輔助 2019/1/16

如何成功老化 成功老化是指個體把過去的生活經驗與現在情境加以整合,為未來的發展挑戰做好準備。 能與他人互動 生活有目標 能自我接納 能不斷成長 有自主權 維持活動力

生命無限的影響 知識的經驗與生命的經驗(依智不依識) 如果生命的重心是學習與成長,那您會以心靈為主或是以生理為主 身為人類最難得的能力 思惟,梵行,精進

研討題綱 一、老化有那些特徵？ 二、如何成功老化？ 三、人類社會的進步標準為何？