School of Foreign Studies Book 4 New Horizon College English Unit 8 : Section A A Meaningful Life School of Foreign Studies Nantong University

Pre-reading Activities Text Study Words and Expressions Idea Sharing Writing

Pre-reading Activities News Report passage Watch & Discuss

Listen to a news report and answer the following two questions. What may be the advantage for Lansing Community College? What is the unemployment rate in Michigan?

Listen to a passage and answer some questions. Why does the speaker say Joe Gans became one of his best friends? Where does the speaker spend most of his weekends? What has the speaker learned from his friendship with Joe?

Directions: Watch and Discuss Watch the video and then discuss the topics as follows: 1. Why is calamity liable to give birth to love without limitations? Key 2. How to integrate such unlimited love into our daily life? Key Video watching

mirror for us to realize that what we are often Watch & Discuss Bertran Rusell, a famous British philosopher, once concluded from his many years of obervation in China that the Chinese nation was wanting in passion for humanity. For the sense of gratitude to come back into us, therefore, there must come a time when we have to reflect on what has made all of our well-being possible. So the best point of time is bound up with the outbreak of a calamity, which can serve as a Beilby Porteus, Bishop of London, once remarked, “Calamity is the perfect glass wherein we truly see and know ourselves.” So it is, because, in time of peace, most of us are too preoccupied with aspirations for fame and wealth to examine ourselves. As a gradual result, Americans born in the 1970s are often referred to as megeneration, or soulless slaves to consumerism who care little about bigger issues of politics, social justice or poverty. mirror for us to realize that what we are often concerned with means nothing without the existence of the nation as a whole. That is why there was an outpouring of patriotism among Americans in the wake of the September 11th terrorist attacks, whereas there was an explosion of boundless love within the Chinese people in response to the rare earthquake in Wenchuan. For more For more

Watch & Discuss If we can reconcile our action with our gratitude, the returns from that will be in greater measure. If we exercise kindness in our social contact, for example, we will reap more of smile from society. If we exert true concern for those around, we are sure to harvest more help from them. And if we render unlimited love to the world, we are more than likely to find such love knows no bounds. It is no easy job to work such love well into our daily routine for good, since, as is taken for granted, where there is love there is always expectation. But for the very virtue to last in our life, the first and foremost thing to do is never fail to set aside the time to introspect what social factors contribute to our well-being and comfort, thus building up our awareness of gratitude to our society. Just as Cicero once put it, a thankful heart is not only the great virtue, but the parent of all the other virtues as well. Also important is our clear identification of what we can do to add to our social unity, harmony and better-being, especially if we are in better positions to do so. Once the foregoing is achieved, what matters most to us next is how to put our duties into effect. For more For more

Text Study Understanding Structure Analysis Summary Reproduction

I. Understanding Answer the following questions: Text Study—Understanding I. Understanding Answer the following questions: 1. When did the author first meet Henry? At an adult education seminar.(Para. 1)

Text Study—Understanding I. Understanding 2. Why did the author think that Henry was an unusual specimen? Because he didn’t fit the regular image of an animal person. His ---.(Para. 1)

I. Understanding 3. What did Henry succeed in persuading Revlon to do? Text Study—Understanding I. Understanding 3. What did Henry succeed in persuading Revlon to do? He persuaded the company to put $750000 into the search for alternative ways to test their product. (Para. 1)

Text Study—Understanding I. Understanding 4. Why did many major cosmetics corporations such as Avon and Bristol-Myers follow the example of Revlon? Because these corporations have seen the boycott that Revlon had almost got involved---.(Para. 4)

Text Study—Understanding I. Understanding 5. How did Henry react to the doctor’s prediction that he might die in a few months? He didn’t show any sign of depression , and he refused to hear the author’s sympathy and condolences.

Text Study—Understanding I. Understanding 6. What did Henry find meaningful in the way he led his life? He could be satisfied with his achievements when looking back at life, and to be able to accept death calmly.

II. Structure Analysis A. The Writing Model of the Passage: Text Study—Structure analysis II. Structure Analysis A. The Writing Model of the Passage: A personal narrative What is a personal narrative? ? What are the basic elements in a personal narrative? ? The importance of facts and opinions in a personal narrative?

Text Study—Summary III. Summary The story tells us about Henry Spira, an animal rights ________. Henry Spira __________ his life to protecting ______ and helpless animals. At the end of his life, he faced ________ and death with courage and _________. The passage conveys the idea that Henry had lived a ______ life even though he was not a hero according to traditional standards.

Text Study—reproduction IV. Reproduction Work in pairs and make a dialogue on the topic “What is a meaningful life?”. Use as many words & phrases learnt in Section A as possible.

Focus Study Word Using Useful Expressions Chinese to English

I. Word using 1. activism (Para. 1) N. the use of direct and noticeable action to achieve a result, usu. political or social one 行动主义，激进主义 These books stimulated his great interest in civil rights activism. Translation: 这些书激发了他对民权运动主义的极大兴趣。

I. Word using Word formation 后缀-ism 与形容词或名词结合，构成名词。表示思想、信条、主义、学说等。如： Nationalism 民族主义 modernism 现代主义 Heroism 英雄主义 patriotism 爱国主义

I. Word using 2. obituary (Para. 1) N. a report in a newspaper that announces sb’s death and gives a short description of their life and achievement He found Mr. Brown’s obituary in local newspaper clippings. Translation: 他在当地报纸的剪报中发现了布朗先生的讣告。

I. Word using 3. seminar (Para. 2) N. 1. A class at a college or university in which a small group of students discuss a subject with a teacher 讨论课，研讨班 Students need to read some papers and prepare for discussion in advance of each weekly seminar. Translation: 在每周的讨论课之前，学生们都需要读一些文章并为讨论做准备。

I. Word using N. 2. A meeting at which a group of people discuss a subject 专题讨论会，研讨会 Each seminar is led by a guest speaker with specialized knowledge of the subject. Translation: 每个专题讨论会都由一位具有该领域专业知识的客座发言人主持。

I. Word using 4. specimen (Para. 2) N. 1. a particular type of person –often used in a humorous way 某一类人，家伙 Watch him closely, and you will find he is a fine specimen of the type you want to know . Translation: 仔细观察他，你就会发现他就是你想结识的那类人。

I. Word using N. 2. a small amount or piece that is taken from sth., so that it can be tested or examined 样本，标本 Some companies will now ask job applicants to submit a specimen of their handwriting. Translation: 有些公司现在会让求职者提交一份笔迹样本。

I. Word using N. 3. an example of sth., esp. of a plant or an animal 尤其指动植物的实例 The fish specimen is specially important, so it has to be well preserved. Translation: 这个鱼标本尤为重要，因此必须好好保存。

I. Word using 5. Earthy ：a. 1. showing an attitude to sex and the human body that is honest, direct, and sometimes considered not very polite 粗俗的， 粗鄙的 There was something earthy and coarse about him that distinguished him from his friends. Translation: 他身上的那种粗俗劲儿使他和朋友们截然不同。

I. Word using 2. tasting, smelling, or looking like earth or soil 泥土般的，泥土味的 In the garden, she could smell the fragrance of flowers and earthy scent of plants. Translation: 在花园里，她可以闻到花的芳香和植物的泥土味。

I. Word using 6. assassin (Para. 2) N. Sb. who kills a famous or important person 刺客，暗杀者 In the right corner of the newspaper is the photograph of a man police identified as the assassin. Translation: 在报纸的右方角落里，刊登着警察认为是刺客的一个人的照片。

I. Word using 7. secular ：a. (Para. 2) Not religious, or not connected with religion 非宗教的，世俗的 In addition to being a religious holiday, Christmas is a widely observed secular festival. Translation: 圣诞节不仅是一个宗教节日，也是一个广泛庆祝的无宗教意义的节日。

I. Word using 8. oath：n. (Para. 2) He took an oath that he would be loyal to the government under any circumstances. A formal promise, esp. one made in a court of law 誓言，誓词 Translation: 他发誓无论什么情况下都会忠于政府。

I. Word using 9. graphic：adj. (Para. 3) I have always wanted to design things and this led to my study of graphic arts 1. Relating to drawing 绘画的 Translation: 我一直都想设计东西，因此我学了绘画艺术。

I. Word using He gave a graphic description of the horrible car accident on the freeway. 2. very clear and give a lot of details, esp. unpleasant ones 详细的，细致的 Translation: 他详细描述了高速公路上的那起可怕的车祸。

I. Word using 10. brochure：n. (Para. 3) My son is busy reading through the brochures of some universities. A thin book giving information or advertising sth. 小册子 Translation: 我儿子在忙着翻阅一些大学的宣传册。

I. Word using 11. leaflet：n. (Para. 3) A baby is standing by the road, handing out leaflets about a concert organized by his school. a printed sheet of paper, usu. folded, that is provided free and gives information about sth. 传单，散页印刷品 Translation: 一个男孩正在路边发传单，宣传他们学校组织的一场音乐会。

I. Word using 12. audio： (Para. 3) The airline company plans to release audio details of the event on Thursday. 1. adj. relating to sound that is recorded or broadcast 音频的，声频的，播音的 Translation: 航空公司计划在周四发布关于该事件的详细音频资料。

I. Word using 12. audio： (Para. 3) As always, we’ll have audio from the talk one or two days later. 2. n. sound that is recorded, broadcast or played on electronic equipment 声音，尤指音乐 Translation: 同以往一样，我们将会在一两天后得到谈话的录音。

I. Word using 13. enclosure：n. (Para. 3) Did you hear that a tiger escaped from its enclosure at the zoo yesterday. 1. An area surrounded by a fence or wall 圈地；围场 Translation: 你听说昨天有只老虎从动物园的笼子里逃走了吗？

I. Word using 13. enclosure： (Para. 3) He received a business letter with two enclosures. 2. n. sth. that is put in an envelope along with a letter 信的附件 Translation: 他收到一封商业信函，里面有两份附件。

I. Word using 14. siege：n. (Para. 4) We should try to send supplies to the city that has been under siege. a situation in which an army or the police surround a place and try to gain control of it or force to come out of it 包围；围困；封锁 Translation: 我们应该尽力给那个被围困的城市输送供给。

I. Word using 15. incur：v. (Para. 4) To deny this fact is to incur the anger of a great number of people. 1) experience sth. unpleasant as a result of sth. you have done 招致，遭受 Translation: 否认这个事实将会招致众怒。

I. Word using 15. incur：v. (Para. 4) The company had to pay for costs incurred as a result of bad weather. 2) lose money, owe money, or have to pay money as a result of doing sth. 蒙受，造成 Translation: 公司不得不承担因恶劣天气造成的损失。

I. Word using 16. wrath：n. (Para. 4) The destruction of public property, in any of its forms, is sure to trigger criticism and wrath. very great anger 愤怒，狂怒 Translation: 对公共财产的破坏，无论是何种形式，一定会激起人们的批评和愤怒。

I. Word using 17. mastermind： (Para. 4) Tim was hired to mastermind an online campaign for the company’s new product. 1) v. Think of, plan, and organize a large, important, and complicated operation 策划，组织 Translation: 蒂姆受雇策划一个网络活动，推销该公司的新产品。

I. Word using 17. mastermind： (Para. 4) The authorities said they had identified him as the mastermind behind the murder. 2) v. Sb. who plans, and organizes a complicated operation, esp. a crime 出谋策划者，主谋 Translation: 当局称他们已经认定他为谋杀行动的主谋。

I. Word using 18. malpractice：n. (Para. 4) The bank’s offices had just been raided by investigators looking for evidence of malpractice in property deals. Careless or criminal behavior by sb. with a professional or official job玩忽职守，渎职，失职 Translation: 那家银行的办公室刚刚被调查人员突击检查过，以寻找房地产交易中的渎职证据。

I. Word using 19. sue：v. (Para. 5） The local residents decided to sue the company for the serious industrial pollution it had caused in the region. make a legal claim against sb. ,usu. to get money from them because they have done sth. bad to you 起诉，控告 Translation: 当地居民决定起诉那家公司，因为它在该地区造成了严重的工业污染。

I. Word using 20. minister：n. (Para. 6) A third ministerial meeting will be held in November to plan international trade policy. relating to the job of being a government minister 大臣，部长 Translation: 11月份将举行第三次部长级会议，以规划国际贸易政策。

I. Word using 21. parliamentary：a. (Para. 5) An independent organization will soon be set up to oversee parliamentary elections. Relating or governed by a parliament 议会的，国会的 Translation: 很快将会建立一个独立机构，以监督国会选举。

I. Word using 22. expectancy：n. (Para. 10) His supporters had a lot of expectancy, believing that he would bring changes to the country. the feeling that sth. good or exciting is going to happen 期待，期望 Translation: 他的支持者充满了期待，相信他会给国家带来改变。

I. Word using 23. terminate：v. (Para. 12) In that period, employers can terminate the contract without having to offer an explanation. end or stop 终结，停止 Translation: 在那个时期，雇主们可以不必作解释就终止合同。

I. Word using 24. retrospective：adj. (Para. 13) On Sunday, there would be a retrospective exhibition of the painter’s works. relating to or thinking about the past回顾的，涉及以往的，追溯的 Translation: 星期天将有一场关于这位画家作品的回顾展。

I. Word using 25. infinity：n. (Para. 13) There seemed to be an infinity of secrets in the ancient house . a very large amount of sth., or a large number of things无限，无穷，无限大，无限多 Translation: 那座古老的房子里好像有无穷的秘密。

I. Word using 26. successor：n. (Para. 13) The question of who would become his successor was quickly answered. sb,. who takes a job or position previously held by 继承人，接班人 Translation: 关于谁会成为他的接班人的问题很快就有了答案。

II. Useful Expressions Translation Key 1. turn up. Focus Study—Word Using II. Useful Expressions 1. turn up. 1）arrive at a place esp. in a way that is unexpected Translation 我们本以为他已经被杀害了，但是他安然无恙地出现了。 Key We thought he had been killed, but he turned up safe and sound.

Useful Expressions Translation Key 1. turn up. Focus Study—Word Using Useful Expressions 1. turn up. 2）be found esp. by chance Translation 我昨天找不到钱包，但是今天不知怎么在我的餐桌上找到了。 Key I couldn’t find my purse yesterday, but it somehow turned up on my kitchen table this morning.

Useful Expressions Translation Key 2. put out Focus Study—Word Using Useful Expressions 2. put out produce information for people to read , watch or hear Translation 很多饭店都张贴其菜肴的漂亮的图片来吸引顾客。 Key Many restaurants put out beautiful pictures of their dishes to attract customers.

Useful Expressions Translation Key 3. alert sb. to sth. Focus Study—Word Using Useful Expressions 3. alert sb. to sth. make sb. realize sth. important or dangerous Translation 我们必须使政府认识到解决这些问题的必要性。 Key We must alert the government to the need to solve these problems.

Useful Expressions Translation Key 4. lay siege to sth. /sb. Focus Study—Word Using Useful Expressions 4. lay siege to sth. /sb. 1）start an attack against sth. or sb. Translation 他们召集了一批专家专攻这个问题。 Key They gathered a group of experts and laid siege to the problem.

Useful Expressions Translation Key Focus Study—Word Using Useful Expressions 2） start an attack in which an army or the police surround a place Translation 由于警察围攻那座大楼，高峰期的交通被耽误了几小时。 Key As the police laid siege to the building, rush-hour traffic was delayed for hours.

Useful Expressions Translation Key 5. follow suit Focus Study—Word Using Useful Expressions 5. follow suit do the same as sb. else has done Translation 如果大型零售商能够变得更环保，那么其他公司也许会效仿。 Key If large retailers could become greener, other businesses might follow suit.

Useful Expressions Translation Key Focus Study—Word Using Useful Expressions 6. stand/stay/remain on the sidelines not take part in an activity Translation 置身事外批评这个提议是件很容易的事。 Key It’s easy to stand on the sidelines and to criticize this proposal.

Useful Expressions Translation Key 7. get revenge on sb. for sth. Focus Study—Word Using Useful Expressions 7. get revenge on sb. for sth. do sth. to punish sb. for sth. harmful or offensive Translation 他花了一年时间寻找事情的真相，以便为他死去的朋友报仇。 Key He spent a year finding out exactly what happened, so he could get revenge for his friend’s death .

Useful Expressions Translation Key 8. appeal to sb. to do sth. Focus Study—Word Using Useful Expressions 8. appeal to sb. to do sth. make a request for sb. to give you help. money or information Translation 那位妇女请求村民帮忙寻找她失踪的孩子。 Key The woman appealed to the villagers to help her find her lost child.

Chinese to English Focus Study—C to E 1 比不上 2 除了一则简短的讣告 not rate with… 3 出现在成人教育研讨班上 4 被……吸引住 5 提醒人们…… 6 转向更大的目标 7 施加强大的压力 8 公开而又明智的监督 9 成功起诉大公司 10 产生重大的影响 not rate with… apart from a brief obituary turn up at an adult education seminar feel intrigued with alert people to. move on to bigger targets exert enough pressure public and judicious watchdog effort sue large companies successfully make a difference

Chinese to English Focus Study—C to E 11 面对强大的跨国公司 in the face of powerful global corporation 11 面对强大的跨国公司 12 致力于事业 13 袖手旁观 14 记录生平和事业 15 被诊断患上癌症 16 预期寿命 17 完全没有沮丧的迹象 18 活得好的根本标志 19 回顾生活 20 关心最脆弱的生灵 be dedicated to the cause stand on the sidelines chronicle one’s life and work be diagnosed with cancer life expectancy the total absence of any sign of depression essential mark of living well take a retrospective look at life care for the weakest creatures

Idea Sharing Group Work Discuss with your group members about how to live a meaningful life, then make a report on your different ideas .

Writing

Read the sample essay and see how the examples are developed and organized.

Topic: The use of modern robots. Introduction: Introduce the advantages of evolution of modern robot. Body: Give a clear account of what happened and include some vivid benefits of using modern robots. Conclusion: Persuade people not to worry the overuse of robots. to be continued

Sample: (Introduction) The evolution of modern robot technology seems to be a mixed blessing. Optimists say that more robots will lead to greater productivity and economic growth, while pessimists complain that we will experience the greatest unemployment crisis in human history. As for me, the world where robots substitute manual and mental labor is delightful rather than fearful. to be continued

Sample: (Body) There is no doubt that human society is benefiting tremendously from robots. On the one hand, industrial robots can assist in carrying out dirty, dull and dangerous tasks while offering increased productivity and safety. On the other hand, domestic robots can provide household services, freeing human beings from the boredom of the daily chores. We aren't giving robots "easy jobs", but those that most of the time we aren't willing to do and even could never do. to be continued

Sample: Without robots, these jobs would remain undone or be done inefficiently. In spite of the potential of machines to replace workers, technological progress has always eliminated some specific jobs. But in the meantime, it also has created new opportunities for human employment, at an even faster rate. to be continued

Sample: (Conclusion) Robots are very likely to permeate much of our daily life in the coming years, but it is not necessary to worry they will snatch jobs from us, because we will assign more challenging jobs to them.

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