Grammar revision 过去分词省略 虚拟语气

1.作定语 过去分词 2.作表语 3.作宾补 4.作状语

过去分词作状语 Seen from the space, the earth looks blue. 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。 a、表示时间 Seen from the space, the earth looks blue. =When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue. b、表示条件 Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. =If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.

c、表示原因 Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry. =As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry. d、表示伴随情况 She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. =She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter. e、表示让步 Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret. =Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.

Example: United we stand, divided we fall. = If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided, we will fall. 1. Asked what had happened, he told us about it. 2. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures. = When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it. = Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.

3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 4. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. = If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. = Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.

5. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. 6. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all. = As she was deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. = Although he was left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.

build, frighten, trap, follow, shoot, see, examine Complete each sentence using the Past Participle of the right verb: build, frighten, trap, follow, shoot, see, examine __________ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room. 2. The lady returned home, _______ by two policemen. 3. After having been __________ carefully, the room was locked again. 4. ______ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old. 5. _____ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails. 6. If _____ in a burning building, you should send for help. 7. Although _______ in the leg, he continued firing at the police. Frightened followed examined Built Seen trapped shot

过去分词 1.作状语 C ___ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 解析 1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语应是主句主语。 2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法， A.Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought 按句子提供的语境可用结构B.

C ________ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received Before _____, the machine must be checked. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using A D ____ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and ____ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving

英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装” 知识要点： 倒装句（Inversion） 英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”

一、倒装的类型 完 全倒 装 整个谓语移至主语之前。 Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends. 学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。 部 分倒 装 只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。 Seldom does he go to school late. 他上学很少迟到。

二、倒装结构的基本用法 疑问句中 “there be”结构中 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时 副词only放在句首时 含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时 副词so在句首 在以neither nor 或no more开头的句子中 在强调表语或状语的句子中

在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中 使用完全倒装结构。 但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。 Now comes your turn to play. 现在轮到你玩了。 Away went the crowd one by one . 人们一个一个地离去。 Look, there he comes! 看，他来了。 Down she went 她下来了。 back

在以neither nor 或no more开头的句子中 I can’t swim, nor (neither) can she . 我不会游泳，她也不会。 He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there. 他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。 He did not turn up. No more did his wife. 他没有来，他妻子也没有来。 back

直接引语的全部或一部分 放在句首时 主句主语和谓语次序颠倒，用完全倒装。 但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长，一般不用倒装。 1. “What do you think of the film? ”he asked. 他问“你认为这部电影怎么样？” 2.“I’m leaving for Hong Kong next month.” Mary told me yesterday. 玛利告诉我“我下月要去香港”。 back

副词so在句首 表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中。 如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思，不表示也适用于另一人或事，则不用倒装结构。 A: The teacher asked you to visit her after class. B: So I did. back

副词only放在句首时 only 起强调作用，其句型为“only +状语+部分倒装”。 注意： 　 如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装：　　例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize that he had made a big mistake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。） 如置于句首的only修饰主语，则不用倒装结构。 back

含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时 常用否定词有： never, not, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not only…but also, no sooner …than, hardly (scarcely)…when等。 一般主句用部分倒装结构。 Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。 back

在强调表语或状语的句子中 表语或状语提前，不仅为了强调，而且为了使句子结构达到平衡协调，或使上下文紧密衔接。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. 阿尔伯特·曼因斯坦就是这样一个人，一个纯朴而又取得巨大成就的人。 Such is life. 生活就是这样。 In the middle of the room stood a little girl. 在房间中央站着一个小女孩。 back

grammar Grammar Ellipsis ELLIPSIS (省略）

my uncle came Which words were left out at the place of the question mark(?) in the two sentences below? Upon arrival, my uncle hugged Pompy and (?) tried to give him courage. my uncle 2. Then came a smell of sulphur, and then (?) flames. came

简单句中的省略 1、省略主语: 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 1、省略主语: 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 (1): (I) Thank you for your help. (2): (I) See you tomorrow. (3): (It) sounds like a good idea. (4): (I) Beg your pardon.

简单句中的省略 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分. (1): (There is) No smoking . (2): (Will you) Have a smoke ? (3): (you come) This way, please.

Do Exercise 2 1. (I)Haven’t seen you for ages. 2. (It) Sounds like a good idea. 3. (I am) Sorry to hear that. 4. (walk) this way, please! 5. (Would you like) Joining us for a walk. 6. (Would you like) Some more tea? 7. (It) Doesn’t matter. 8. (It is a) Pity you couldn’t come. 9. (What/Such) Terrible weather! 10.(Are you) Going to the supermarket? ou

简单句中的省略 3、在对话或并列句中，如果主语，谓语不同，而宾语相同，则常省去相同的宾语部分。 Tom enjoys dancing,but Peter hates. (省略了dancing)

简单句中的省略 4、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have: (1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there). (2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). (3) –Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be. (4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have.

Do exercise 3

简单句中的省略 5、省略表语 (1) –Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (thirsty). (2) His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).

6. 同时省略几个成分 (1)--Have you finished you work? --Not yet. (2) Good luck! 6. 同时省略几个成分 (1)--Have you finished you work? --Not yet. (2) Good luck! I have not finished my work yet. I wish good luck to you.

3. --What do you think made Mary so upset? --________her new bicycle. 1.---Does your brother intend to study German? ---Yes, he intends______. A/ B.to C.so D.that B. 2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to A. 3. --What do you think made Mary so upset? --________her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost 　 C. Losing D. Because of losing C.

并列句中的省略 1.两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 (1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. (2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.

主从复合句中的省略 2、省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so 或 not代替。常用于此类的动词有believe , think, expect, guess, hope, imagine, suppose, say, tell等以及appear, seem, afraid等。 (1) –Is he coming back tonight? --I think so. (2) –She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us. (3) –Is she feeling better today? --I’m afraid not. (4) –Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not.

其他省略 1、连词的that省略 宾语从句中常省略连词that. I know he is a student. (2) 在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略.另外，凡是进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和be 动词。 He likes the songs (that) Zhoujielun sings. He likes the songs (that are) sung by Zhoujielun.

其他省略 2、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或主语是it时，可省去“主语+be”部分 When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night. She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health. (3) If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.

其他省略 3、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。 Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. (2) Were I you, I would do the work better. (3）Should there be a flood, what should we do?

其他省略 4、不定式符号to的省略 并列的不定式可省去后面的 to. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. (2) 某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, 等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。 I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. （3）介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带 to. The boy did nothing but play.

D. 1.If_____,we’ll continue our experiment after office hours. A.being necessary B.be necessary C.is necessary D.necessary 2.--- Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? --- ________. A. I don't believe B. I don't believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not D. 3. Generally speaking, ________according to directions, the drug has no side effect. 　　A. when taking B. when taken 　　C. when to take D. when to be taken B.

1. My uncle was working at the foot of the mountain when the volcano erupted. 2. She buried her face//made her face buried in the pillow,in order not to let her family know that she was crying.//in order that her family couldn’t see her crying. //because she didn’t want to let her family see her crying. 3. After the accident happened someone saw the driver fleeing//flee from the scene.// the driver was seen to flee//fleeing from…

4. I urge you to give up smoking as soon as possible 4. I urge you to give up smoking as soon as possible.// I urge you not to smoke… 5.It’s said that this car crash happened //took place//occurred on that bridge. 6. I swear that I won’t tell the secret to anyone. = I swear not to tell …

at hand call for courage all of a sudden in a panic draw one’s attention to … on board calm down 9. more …than… 10. light up 12. stand on end 13. at a distance 16. a cloud of unusual size and shape

3. courage 5. fled 6. mud 9. sudden

This is the spot where the accident happened. They urged me to eat//into eating that strange food. //They urged that I should eat that strange food. He knocked about for a year, trying to //in order to find//get a proper//suitable job.

When he heard the strange noise, his hair stood on end. The strange cry made his hair stand on end. 9. I all of a sudden remembered that I hadn’t locked the door. 10. He shook his head as if he wanted to say: “I don’t trust//believe in him.”

81. We are trying to build a society in harmony with nature. 82. Luckily /fortunately, we have access to clean drinking water now. 83. Only by working hard can you succeed. 84. The local government has taken action to deal with the accident. 85. The doctor advised me to take more exercise.

86.we didn’t realise how serious the pollution was until all the fish in the river died. = not until all the fish in the river died did we realise how serious the pollution was. 87. Citizens may have free access to the library. 88. That he came suddenly put an end to the discussion. = His sudden arrival put an end to the discussion.

volcano ash(es) 3. fled 5. buried 6. panic 9. urged

Thank you very much! Goodbye!