Special Lecture Of English Tenses 中央广播电视大学开放英语1辅导 Special Lecture Of English Tenses ——专科英语时态专项讲座 华亭电大工作站专科 英语辅导教师李婷 2012年11月26日

开放英语1 课程介绍 开放英语1以日常生活用语为主，突出语言在实际生活中的运用。贯穿始终的主要语法有8种时态。 英语动词时态属于语法范畴,是表示动作或事态发生的时间以及表现方式的一种手段。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来及过去将来;动作的表现方式包括一般、进行、完成及完成进行。 在实际的语言交流中都需要运用时态来说明事情发生的时间，所以我设计本课件专门讲解时态的概念，构成，标志词以及具体如何运用。里面设计了大量的情境图片及练习题，并配备相应的Flash动画讲解。设计比较形象生动，内容充实，层次清晰，使用效果好，关键能使学生学有所获。

教 学 设 计 下面 我们开始学习吧！ 教学目的： 引导学生对8种时态进行初步的认识和运用。 教学重点： 教学难点：对完成时态的理解和运用。 教学理念：把英语时态简单化，规律化。 教学方法： 引导学生对8种时态进行初步的认识和运用。 时态含义，动词结构，时间标志和人称 变化。 教师引导讲解与学生自主，探究学习相 结合。 下面 我们开始学习吧！

温馨提示：在具体学习时态之前，先请大家耐心看看这个关于8种时态的视频！

时态的定义： 各位同学： 视频观看结束，想必大家对这8种英语时态已经有了初步的了解，现在就让我们来系统学习！ 英语中不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示。由于动作发生的时间不同，动词的形式就有所不同。 　 时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 英语中动词的时态共有16种。请看下表： 时态的定义：

Look! 现在我们结合图片及具体的情境一一学习各种时态： Lucy Lily

Describe What a fine day today! Look....

Grammar 1.现在进行时: Present Progressive 概 念: 表示现在正在发生的动作。 概 念: 表示现在正在发生的动作。 结 构: be (is, am, are) + doing 标志语： Look! Listen! Now 例 如：He is watching TV.

动词-ing形式的构成： going go ask write take get run swim asking writing 以不发音的e结尾的，去e，+ing 重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写这一字母+ing asking writing taking getting running swimming

Exercise are washing is playing singing Is The twins ___________(wash) the clothes now. Look! He ________ (play) basketball over there. Listen! ______ Sally _______(sing)? is playing Is singing

(once a week, twice…, never) How often do you …? (once a week, twice…, never) Pair work

Grammar 2.一般现在时: Present Simple 1.用 法：1)表示经常性的动作或状态常 与表示频率副词的时间状语连用。 1.用 法：1)表示经常性的动作或状态常 与表示频率副词的时间状语连用。 2.结 构: do、 does 3.标志词:always,usually,often, sometimes, never,every day /week /month/year/… gets 1.The boy usually___(get) to school early. go 2.My friends often (go)to the park on Sundays.

2) 用于表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 Tomorrow is Tuesday. 明天是星期二 。 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播的更快。

3) 用于格言或警句中。例如： Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 4) 用于表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： She is a good girl and always help others.她是一个好女孩，经常帮助别人。 My watch is very new。 我的手表很新。

3.一般现在时的构成： 当主语是第一人称，第二人称或第三人称复数时，谓语动词要用动词原形。 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式 。 系动词is、am、are根据主语确定。 4.动词第三人称单数的变化规则 （1）一般情况直接在动词后加s，plays （2）以s,x,sh,ch和o结尾的加es ,watches，pianos,radios,photos,kilos,tobaccos,zoos,bamboos, kangaroos;土豆，英雄，西红柿，黑人potatoes, heroes, tomatoes, negroes （3）以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再es ,cries

16.zoo ___ 17.tomato __ 18.box _____ 动词单三形式转换练习 1.drink ____ 2. go _____ 3.stay _____ 4.make ____ 5. look ____ 6. have______ 7.pass_____ 8.carry ____ 9. watch_____ 10.come___ 11. plant____ 12. fly______ 13.study____ 14.brush____ 15.teach___ 16.zoo ___ 17.tomato __ 18.box _____ 19.guess __ 20.cook ___ 21.take __ drinks goes stays makes looks has passes carries watches comes plants flies Studies brushes teaches zoos tomatoes boxes guesses cooks takes

5. 一般现在时的句式转换： （1）当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句. （2）当句子中既没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，则在主语前加助动词do, does变成问句；在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t, doesn’t变成否定句，助动词后的谓语动词要变成动词原形。do、does根据主语确定。

一般现在时句式转换练习题 将下列句子变成否定式和疑问句： 1．We go to school at night. 2．My brother works in a factory. 3．Her name is Mei Ling. We don’t go to school at night. Do you go to school at night? My brother doesn’t work in a factory. Does your brother work in a factory? Her name isn’t Mei Ling. Is her name Mei Ling?

4．You work for a foreign company. 5．She has lunch at home. You don’t work for a foreign company. Do you work for a foreign company? She doesn’t have lunch at home. Does she have lunch at home?

综合练习题 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空； 1．I often _____ (go) swimming on Sunday. 综合练习题 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空； 1．I often _____ (go) swimming on Sunday. 2．My daughter _________ (watch) TV every day. Sometimes she _______ (see) a film on Sunday. 3．Li Wei ________ (have) a daughter. 4．Her mother ___________ (teach) English at a middle school. 5．Jack often ___________ (listen) to the radio. 6．He ________ (say) that Li Lei is tired. go watches sees has teaches listens says

Exercise wash plays sing does The twins ___________(wash) the clothes every day. Sometimes he ________ (play) basketball over there. How often ____ Sally ______(sing)? plays does sing

Grammar 3.一般过去时: Past Simple 概 念: 表示过去发生的动作。 结 构: did 概 念: 表示过去发生的动作。 结 构: did 标志语：yesterday、... ago、 in 1992、 last week/month… 例 如：She often came to help us in those days.

3.巧记动词过去时态的构成及句式变化： 动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事； be用was或用were, have,has变had； 谓语动词过去式，过去时间坐标志； 一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。 否定句很简单，主语之后didn’t添； 疑问句也不难，did放在主语前； 如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原； 动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。

4.规则动词过去式的构成 只 变 双 work play worked played hope live hoped lived study 直 构成规则 原 形 过 去 式 一般在动词原形末尾 加-ed work play worked played 结尾是e的动词加-d hope live hoped lived 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“ i”再加-ed study worry studied worried 末尾只有一个辅音字 母的重读闭音节词，先 双写这个辅音字母，再 加-ed stop trip stopped tripped 只 变 双

动词过去式转换练习 look 2. live 3. stop 4. carry 5. hope 6. trip 7. call 8. finish 9. want 10.are 11.go 12.have 13.do 14.get 15.come 16.say 17.see 18.put 19.eat 20.take 21.read looked lived stopped carried hoped tripped called finished wanted were went had did got came said saw put ate took read

句式练习 That’s great√ 1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句） Lucy _______ _______ her homework at home. 2、He found some meat in the fridge.（变一般疑问句) ______ he _____ ______ meat in the fridge? 3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ _____ she _____ there? 4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句) _____ there _____ orange in the cup? didn’t do Did find any How long did stay Was any

综合练习 用所给动词的正确形式填空 Did remember invented went was did get did went cooked 1.____ you ____ (remember) to buy the oranges? 2.Who ______ (invent) the computer? 3.We _____(go) to the cinema last night. The film ______(be) very good. 4.What time _____ you ______(get) to school this morning? 5.Jim _____ (do) a lot yesterday. He ______(go) shopping and ______ (cook) supper.

want answer move die carry cry stop plan wanted answered moved died “ 辅音字母+y ” ，变y 为i, 再+ed 重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写+ed answered moved died carried cried stopped planned

不规则过去式 get take go swim eat drink are have do come cut put say see got took went swam ate drank were had did came cut put said saw

Exercise washed played sing Did The twins ___________(wash) the clothes yesterday. The day before yesterday he ________ (play) basketball over there. _____ Sally ______(sing) two hours ago? played Did sing

Grammar 4.现在完成时: Present Perfect 概 念: 表示已经发生的动作。 概 念: 表示已经发生的动作。 结 构: has done、 have done 标志语：already、 yet、ever、 never、since…、for…、 例 如：The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.

不规则过去分词 get got gotten go went gone eat ate eaten are were been do cut say got gotten went gone ate eaten were been did done cut cut said said

不规则过去分词 take took taken swim swam swum drink drank drunk have had had come put see took taken swam swum drank drunk had had came come put put saw seen

Exercise have washed has played sung has The twins ___________(wash) the clothes for an hour. He ________ (play) basketball since three years ago. How long _____ Sally ______(sing) yet? has played has sung

Grammar 5.过去完成时: Past Perfect 概 念: 表示将要发生的动作。 结 构: had done 概 念: 表示将要发生的动作。 结 构: had done 标志语：by the time, 或主句为 一般过去时的宾语从句中 例 如：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

Grammar 6.过去进行时: Past Progressive 概 念: 表示过去正在发生的动作 概 念: 表示过去正在发生的动作 结 构: be (was，were) + doing 标志语：at 8:00 yesterday 、 when、 while、… 例 如： When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.

Grammar 7.一般将来时: Future Simple 概 念: 表示将要发生的动作。 结 构: will do、 shall do、 概 念: 表示将要发生的动作。 结 构: will do、 shall do、 be (is、am、are) going to do 标志语：tomorrow、in..、next… 例 如：They are going to have a competition with us in studies

Grammar 8.过去将来时: Past Future Simple 概 念: 表示过去将要发生的动作。 结 构: would do 概 念: 表示过去将要发生的动作。 结 构: would do be (was、were) going to do 标志语：常用于主句是一般过去 时的宾语从句中。 例 如：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.

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summary 重点记住动词的单三和过去式、过去分词的变化规则以及部分不规则的动词形式。 本节课主要学习了常用的8种基本时态的概念，用法，标志词以及其动词形式、句式变化。 重点记住动词的单三和过去式、过去分词的变化规则以及部分不规则的动词形式。 summary

Write Composition: I （你的过去、现在和将来） Write an article about yourself, tell us your past、your present and your future.

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