Grammar Tenses

一般现在时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在完成进行时 过去将来时 一般过去时与现在完成时用法区别 现在完成时 固定句式中的动词时态 过去完成时

Class begins at 8 o’clock every morning . 一般现在时 （1）表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或现阶段的习惯。 常用的状语有：often , sometimes , usually , every day 等。 Class begins at 8 o’clock every morning . (2)表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理。 Light travels faster than sound .

(3) 客观存在的事实或普遍真理在宾语从句中。 The children were told in the physics class that the moon moves round the sun . (4)在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中。 The moment he arrives, I’ll tell him about it . (5) 表示已安排或计划好将来会发生的动作或存在的状态。 His plane leaves at 10:00.

(6)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。这类动词常有一个修饰语。 Your speech reads well. This book doesn’t sell well. The knife cuts well. 返回

一般过去时 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

3）情态动词 could, would，用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。 Could you lend me your bike? 4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。 If he were here now, we could turn to him for help. ◎ It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了；早该……了”， It is time you went to bed.

◎ would (had) rather sb. did sth. I'd rather you came tomorrow. 注意：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。 Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去) 返回

一般将来时 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 有迹象要发生的事

Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

现在完成时 （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already, before, yet, never, ever等状语连用。 ① I have never heard of that before. ② Have you ever ridden a horse? 2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。

如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week (month, year) 等。 ① I haven’t seen her these days. ④ What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years? 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。

（3）现在完成时还可以用在时间状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作 I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework. 返回

过去完成时 （1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. （2）过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。

Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. （3）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. （4）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

（5）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…“ We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 返回

一般过去时与现在完成时之比较 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 ◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语。

I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. ◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不确定的时间状语。 请大家认真分析比较下列各例句： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. 强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。 返回

现在进行时 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you. 2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. 3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red.

It's getting warmer and warmer. 4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 知识扩展：不用进行时的动词 1) 事实状态的动词。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.

2) 心理状态的动词。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much. 3) 瞬间动词。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice.

4) 系动词。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired. 返回

过去进行时 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。 常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.

Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. read; was falling was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。 返回

现在完成进行时 表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直持续到现在，现在正在进行着，而且还有可能要进行下去，强调进行的过程， 或者是强调一直到现在为止的一段时间内一再反复进行的动作。具有现在完成时和进行时两者的特征。

Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school , but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 返回

固定句式中的动词时态 This/It is the first/second time + that 从句。 从句中一般用现在完成时，如果主句动词是过去时，则从句用过去完成时 This is the first time that I have come here. 2. It is/has been + 一段时间＋since从句。 since从句中一般过去时，如果将前面的is 改为was, 则since从句中用过去完成时 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.

3. be about to do …when…意为“即将…（这时）突然…” I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 4. Hardly had…done…when…; No sooner had…done…than… “一…就…” Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.

6.It + be + 一段时间＋ before从句 （1）主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来，“多长时间以后即将发生某事” （2）主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，“多长时间以后 发生了某事” It won’t be long before he succeeds. It was ten years before they met again.

☆be to和be going to 的用法之比较： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排) I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.(主观安排) 返回