被動語氣 黃勇仁
內容 及物動詞和不及物動詞 沒有助動詞的被動語氣 有助動詞肯定句子的被動語氣 否定句子的被動語氣 問句的被動語氣
及物動詞和不及物動詞 及物動詞後面都跟著一個名詞，而這個名詞是動詞的受詞。不及物動詞後面可以不加任何受詞，若需加受詞必須在不及物動詞後加上介係詞(of, at, in, over, on…)。 He hit a dog. I saw you yesterday. He sent this book to me. They are good students. He swims every morning.
及物動詞和不及物動詞 一旦動詞是及物動詞，我們就可以將這個 句子由原來的主動語氣改成被動語氣。
沒有助動詞的被動語氣 這種句子的基本形式如下： 將主動語氣改成被動語氣，必須做以下的動作： 主詞＋動詞＋受詞 所謂的被動語氣，乃是將原來的受詞變成主詞 將主動語氣改成被動語氣，必須做以下的動作： 原有受詞變成名詞 動詞變成verb to be＋過去分詞 原有主詞變成在動詞後面，但前面加by
沒有助動詞的被動語氣 Mr. Jones hit the dog. The dog was hit by Mr. Jones. My brother saw you yesterday. You were seen by my brother yesterday. He sent the book to me. The book was sent to me by him.
有助動詞肯定句子的被動語氣 I have written the letter. The letter has been written by me. I had written the letter before you came. The letter had been written by me before you came. I will write the letter. The letter will be written by me.
否定句子的被動語氣 將一個否定句子或一個問句改成被動語氣，其步驟如下： 將此句子改成肯定句子 將此肯定句子改成被動語氣 將此被動語氣的句子改成否定句子
否定句子的被動語氣 They did not like the music. The music was not liked by them. I have not written that letter. That letter has not been written by me. He does not play music. That kind of music is not played by him.
問句的被動語氣 我們先將問句變成肯定句子，然後將這個 定句子變成被動語氣，最後在將這個被動 語氣的句子變回，成為問句
問句的被動語氣 Did you eat that cake? Was that cake eaten by you? Do farmers in Taiwan grow apples? Are apples grown by farmers in Taiwan? When did you write that letter? When was the letter written by you?
練習 將以下句子改成被動語氣： 1. Is he writing a book? 2. Did he write that book? 3. Did you sign that letter? 4. Where did you see that movie? 5. When did you see that movie? 6. Has he finished that job?
練習 將以下句子改成被動語氣： 1. The farmers here do not grow apples. 2. He did not meet me last night. 3. I have not written that letter. 4. John is not going to see that movie. 5. I did not watch that movie. 6. He does not speak English.
練習 將以下否定句改成被動語氣： 1. He has written three novels. 2. He will write that letter. 3. They will sing these songs tomorrow. 4. He will give the speech. 5. They are painting the house. 6. I have given him three books.