Learning about language Unit 1 Friendship Learning about language

1. Answer keys for Ex1 on Page4: 6. set down trust upset loose calm down crazy 7. go through 8. on purpose 9. face to face 10. according to

2. Answer keys for Ex. 2 on page 4: upset Anne’s sister, Margot, was very ______ that the family had to move. She found it difficult to settle and ___________ in the hiding place because she was _________ ______ whether they would be discovered. She knew she had to _______ her parents and ___________ them this was necessary. At first she thought she would go _______ but later she realized that it was better to ___________ this together. calm down concerned about trust according to crazy go through

3. Answer keys for Ex.3 on page 4: If you are concerned about somebody, you want to offer help because you are worried about him/her. Was it an accident or did David do it on purpose? From the very beginning, Paul made it clear that he would be entirely in control. He used to work outdoors even in the middle of winter.

5. Nature is all the animals, plants and other things in the world that are not made by people, and all the events that are not caused by people. 6. Just the thought of more food made her feel sick.

have to = have got to It’s a duty to do something. Assignment: find out all the sentences in warming up and reading that contain have to or have got to. And then transfer it into the other form. (5 sentences)

Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech 直接引语和间接引语

Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1) 转述他人的陈述→陈述句 2. 转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句 3. 转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句 1) He said , “I’m going to Beijing.” → He said that he was going to Beijing. 2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?” → He asked me if /whether I was a doctor. 3) She said , “What are you doing?” → She asked me what I was doing.

直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 陈述句 用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.

解题步骤: 1.陈述句: “I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends. that she didn’t Sarah said Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.

间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序 一般疑问句 间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?” He asked whether I was interested in English.

It is easy to improve the condition of the soil. 2.一般疑问句: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ) It is easy to improve the condition of the soil. They asked him if it is easy to improve the condition of the soil. asked is was They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.

特殊疑问句 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序 He said to me，“What's your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.

They asked him when he harvested the wheat. 3.特殊疑问句： When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him ) you harvest the wheat you harvest the wheat. They asked him When he harvested They asked him when he harvested the wheat.

选择疑问句 用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or… He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.

在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化 1. 注意时态的变化 2. 注意人称变化。 3. 注意指示代词的变化 4. 注意时间的变化 5. 注意地点的变化 6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化

When you change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, you sometimes need to change the verb tense. You may also need to change pronouns , time in order to keep the same meaning. Direct indirect Present past Past past and past perfect Present perfect past perfect Past perfect past perfect

谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点： 1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变 The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变 The children said, “We love this game.” They told us that they love that game. 3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。 She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.” She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.

从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况: 1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候 2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时 3. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时 4. 当引语是谚语、格言时 5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时

指示代词 时 间 状 语 地点状语 方向性动词 直接引语 间接引语 this, these that, those now, today then, that day this week that week yesterday the day before 时 间 状 语 last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day next month the next month 地点状语 here there 方向性动词 come, bring go, take

直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词 shall should Should（不变） will would Would（不变） may might Might（不变） can could Could（不变） must Must/had to

Exercises: 1. He said , “I m afraid I can’t finish this work.” He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that work. 2.He said , “I haven’t heard from him since May.” 3.Tom said “I will see you next week.” He said that he hadn’t heard from him since May. Tom said that he would see me the next week.

4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. 5. “I don’t like swimming,” said Sarah. 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian. 7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me. The teacher asked me why I was late again. Sarah said she didn’t like swimming. His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?” My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.

高考链接 Readers can ________ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through C 解析：答案C。本题主要考查具体语境中get短语的用法。全句意为：尽管读者不知道每个单词的确切含义，但他们能够很好得读懂，即读书进展得顺利，故用get along。

高考链接 2. It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall B 解析：答案B。本题考查了fall in love在虚拟语气中的应用，从标志性时间状语at the age of seven看，宾语从句内容意指过去。在虚拟语气结构中，若指过去，从句中动词形式用过去完成时，主句中谓语动词形式用would/should/might/ could/have done。

高考链接 3. Father went to his doctor for _______ about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices B 解析：答案B。Advice若作“忠告，劝告，建议”讲，无论什么情况下都不可数，故A、C、D各项均属错误。Advice前不能用不定冠词，但可被some，much，a lot of/lots of，a piece of，a bit of，a word of等修饰。

高考链接 4. I wonder how he ____ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say D 解析：答案D。本题主要考查了dare作为情态动词和实义动词的基本用法。作为实义动词，dare有人称、数和时态的变化，故dare to say与主语he相悖；dare doing结构本身错误；dare的否定形式应为dare not do(情态动词)或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t dare (实义动词) to do。

Homework Review the knowledge of direct speech and indirect speech and summarize the rules.