Hong Kong Happiness Index Survey 2012 Prof. Ho Lok Sang Director Centre for Public Policy Studies Lingnan University December 7, 2012

Survey backgrounds The survey was conducted during 8th and 13th of November The total number of respondents is 926 The response rate is around 27 percent We would like to acknowledge the generous financial support of Shih Wing Ching Foundation and the assistance of Public Governance Programme for data collection Key Happiness Question: 整體來說，你 有幾快樂 呢？ 0 分代表非常不快樂，10 分代表非常快樂。

家庭每月收入 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change in Percentage Household Income Per Month 平均值 Mean No Income  58.9  71.3 67.2 71.2 70.2 -1.40% $1 - $9,999 66.21 63.85 73.1 68.4 -6.43% $10,000-$19,999 65.1 70.42 69.57 71 68 -4.30% $20,000-$29,999 71.89 70.58 73.2 70.8 -3.24% $30,000-$39,999 71.64 70.13 70.6 74.1 66.9 -9.69% $40,000或以上 or above 72.91 72.82 73.29 72.4 73.8 1.93%

快樂方程式 Happiness Formula = LIFE L = Love（關愛） I = Insight（智慧） F = Fortitude（堅毅） E = Engagement（行動）

關愛的量度指標 Measures of Love 我關心我的家人。(Lovefamily) 我樂意助人。(Loveothers)

智慧的量度指標 Measures of Insight 我 並不渴求奢華的生活。(Insightmoderation) 對於自己能力處理範圍以外的事情，我不會去多想。(Insightknowduty) 我懂得分配時間，工作、休息、陪伴家人不會偏廢。(Insightbalance)

堅毅的量度指標 Measures of Fortitude 遇到挫敗我不氣餒。(Fortitudeattitude) 世上自有天理，善惡最終均有報應。(Fortitudefaith)

行動的量度指標 Measures of Engagement 我有清晰的人生目標。(Engagementlifegoal)

快樂指數的迴歸分析 Regression of Happiness Index BASELINE REGRESSION

快樂與愛智毅行的簡單關係 Baseline Equation – Specification 1 coefficient robust standard error t-statistics significance 關愛 Love*** 0.19 0.05 3.68 0.00 智慧 Insight*** 0.21 4.22 堅毅 Fortitude** 0.14 2.81 0.01 行動 Engagement** 0.18 3.96 常數 (Constant)*** 1.72 0.37 4.63 Adjusted R-bar squared = 0.32 F-statistics = 66.43*** N = 844 (***indicates 1% significance) (** indicates 5% significance) (* indicates 10% significance)

Regression on Happiness – Specification 2 coefficient robust standard error t-statistics significance 關愛 Love*** 0.19 0.05 3.62 0.00 智慧 Insight – Moderation** 0.08 0.03 2.34 0.02 智慧 Insight – Know Duty** 0.07 2.16 Balance 0.06 0.04 1.40 0.16 堅毅 Fortitude*** 0.14 2.82 0.01 行動 Engagement*** 4.10 常數 (Constant)*** 1.73 0.37 4.64 Adjusted R-bar squared = 0.31 F-statistics = 45.91*** N = 844 (***indicates 1% significance) (** indicates 5% significance) (* indicates 10% significance)

Regression on Happiness – Specification 3 coefficient robust standard error t-statistics significance 關愛 Love** 0.20 0.05 3.86 0.00 智慧 Insight*** 0.26 5.29 堅毅 Fortitude** 0.15 2.99 行動 Engagement*** 0.17 0.04 3.88 女性 Female -0.01 0.10 -0.14 0.89 30 – 49歲 Aged 30 – 49** -0.49 0.19 -2.56 0.01 50歲或以上 Aged 50 or Up -0.26 0.27 -0.97 0.33 已婚或同居 Married or Cohabitation* -0.76 0.43 -1.78 0.08 Aged30-49 X Married or Cohabitation* 0.85 0.46 1.83 0.07 Aged50up X Married or Cohabitation 0.58 0.50 1.17 0.24 家庭收入 Household Income = $0** 0.48 0.21 2.27 0.02 家庭收入 Household Income >$0 and < $10,000 0.88 0.38 家庭收入 Household Income > $40,000** 0.23 0.12 1.86 0.06 家庭收入 Household Income Missing* -0.18 -1.44 財政壓力 Financial stress*** -0.05 -2.81 常數 (Constant)*** 1.89 0.39 4.89 Adjusted R-bar squared = 0.36 F-statistics = 22.36*** N = 782 (***indicates 1% significance) (** indicates 5% significance)

Adjusted R-bar Squared Regression of Happiness – Specification 4 Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 coefficient t-statistics 關愛 Love 0.21*** 3.99 0.19*** 3.76 0.17*** 3.19 0.18*** 3.40 智慧 Insight 0.24*** 5.01 0.26*** 5.29 4.00 0.25*** 5.06 堅毅 Fortitude 0.13** 2.69 2.55 0.14** 2.79 0.14*** 2.86 行動 Engagement 3.81 3.82 3.93 3.96 女性 Female -0.03 -0.28 0.00 -0.02 0.03 0.29 0.01 0.14 30-49歲 Aged 30 – 49 -0.41** -2.21 -0.48** -2.54 -0.47** -2.48 -0.50** -2.63 50歲或以上 Aged 50 or Up -0.35 -1.38 -0.38 -1.47 -0.31 -1.13 -1.19 已婚或同居 Married or Cohabited -0.70 -1.65 -0.78* -1.78 -0.55 -1.39 -0.72 -1.70 Aged30-49 X Married or Cohabitation 0.73 1.59 0.91* 1.91 0.66 1.52 0.82 1.79 Aged50up X Married or Cohabitation 0.65 1.33 0.78 1.55 0.47 0.99 0.58 1.17 家庭收入 Household Income = $0 0.46** 2.12 0.53** 2.39 2.20 0.48** 2.27 家庭收入 Household Income >$0 and < $10,000 0.12 0.46 0.25 0.96 0.21 0.26 0.95 家庭收入 Household Income > $40,000 0.22 0.25** 2.04 0.22* 1.89 1.86 家庭收入 Household Income missing -0.15 -1.17 -0.17 -1.40 -1.23 財政壓力 Financial stress -0.06*** -2.99 -3.08 -0.05** -2.46 -2.42 對施政滿意度 Satisfaction with Administration of Public Policy 0.07** 2.51 對傳媒滿意度Satisfaction with Media 0.06** 2.02 對生活環境滿意度 Satisfaction with Living Environment 0.16*** 4.62 對公共醫療滿意度 Satisfaction with Public Healthcare 2.30 常數 (Constant) 1.75*** 4.32 1.70*** 4.15 1.45*** 3.62 1.66*** 4.03 Adjusted R-bar Squared 0.38 0.37 0.39

Pooled Regression on Happiness 2008 – 2012 – Specification 5 add financial stress(I need to pool the data again by including the variable of financial stress) coefficient robust standard error t-statistics significance 關愛 Love*** 0.17 0.03 6.48 0.00 智慧 Insight*** 0.24 8.46 堅毅 Fortitude*** 0.13 0.02 6.82 行動 Engagement*** 0.21 9.66 女性 Female*** 0.15 0.05 3.05 30 – 49歲 Aged 30 – 49*** -0.49 0.09 -5.29 50歲或以上 Aged 50 or Up** -0.36 -2.72 0.01 已婚或同居 Married or Cohabited** -0.40 0.19 -2.09 0.04 Aged30-49 X Married or Cohabitation* 0.77 3.64 Aged50up X Married or Cohabitation*** 0.69 0.23 2.97 家庭收入 Household Income < $10,000 -0.12 -1.23 0.22 家庭收入 Household Income > $40,000 0.07 1.33 0.18 家庭收入 Household Income Missing -0.07 -1.27 Year 2009 0.12 0.08 1.54 Year 2010*** -0.30 -3.85 Year 2011 -0.10 -1.21 Year 2012*** -0.34 -4.36 常數 (Constant)*** 1.77 9.48 Adjusted R-bar squared = 0.35 F-statistics = 68.38*** N = 3676 (***indicates 1% significance) (** indicates 5% significance)

Trend of LIFE Scores from 2008 to 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 平均值 Mean 人數 N 關愛 Love 7.64 801 7.67 806 8.35 809 7.65 772 8.11 912 智慧 Insight 6.75 7.10 737 7.49 814 7.31 768 6.96 886 堅毅 Fortitude 6.99 790 6.89 693 7.28 807 791 7.43 876 行動 Engagement 6.29 793 6.76 6.73 797 7.35 742 896

Trend of LIFE Scores by Genders from 2008 to 2012 性別 Sex   關愛 Love 智慧 Insight 堅毅 Fortitude 行動 Engagement 08 09 10 11 12 Year 男性 Male 平均值 Mean 7.4 7.45 8.11 7.21 7.88 6.51 6.99 7.3 6.95 6.72 6.67 6.53 7.18 7.13 7.20 6.15 6.47 6.92 7.09 人數 N 339 331 299 312 360 311 313 352 334 278 298 323 354 292 302 358 女性 Female 7.8 7.81 8.48 7.95 8.25 7.59 7.52 7.12 7.14 7.33 7.37 7.58 6.39 6.81 6.88 7.39 7.40 462 475 521 474 552 470 426 526 472 534 456 415 520 487 522 459 476 516 454 538 合計 Total 7.63 7.67 8.35 7.65 6.75 7.1 7.49 7.29 6.96 6.89 7.28 7.43 6.29 6.76 6.73 7.2 801 806 820 786 912 809 737 825 785 886 790 693 818 810 876 793 807 808 756 896

Trend of LIFE Scores by Age Groups from 2008 to 2012   關愛 Love 智慧 Insight 堅毅 Fortitude 行動 Engagement Age Group Year 08 09 10 11 12 21-29 平均值 7 7.02 7.61 7.64 7.82 5.66 6.88 6.54 6.9 6.48 6.38 6.63 6.55 7.13 6.97 6.19 6.84 6.58 7.35 6.87 人數 164 181 143 144 157 163 175 156 161 152 180 155 30-59 7.8 7.79 8.51 8.18 7.14 7.62 7.38 6.98 7.1 6.86 7.42 7.32 7.47 6.43 7.3 7.41 506 512 517 472 534 460 516 471 526 500 449 515 479 519 507 510 469 535 60 or above 7.84 8.24 8.52 7.71 8.11 7.36 7.31 7.93 7.5 7.37 7.54 7.51 7.73 5.73 6.23 6.27 6.66 7.21 109 102 149 207 113 93 153 191 106 82 168 189 101 99 130 193 All samples 7.67 8.35 7.65 8.10 6.75 7.49 6.96 6.99 6.89 7.28 7.44 6.29 6.76 6.73 7.2 7.27 779 795 809 772 898 788 728 814 768 873 767 683 807 791 864 797 742 883

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Happiness Index and Life Satisfaction by Genders and by Age Groups 21-29 30-49 50 or up Male 6.82 6.76 7.18 6.66 6.38 6.49 N 77 112 168 113 166 Female 7.2 7.05 7.12 6.7 6.33 80 210 254 212 250