Grammar Ellipsis

简单句中的省略 1.省略主语:祈使句中的主语通常被省略; (1) (You) Come in, please. (2) (I) See you tomorrow. (3) (I) Thank you for your help. (4) (I) Beg your pardon.

简单句中的省略 2.省略主语或谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking. (2) (Will you) Have a smoke? (3) (You come) This way, please.

简单句中的省略 3.省略宾语:可省略宾语的全部；可省略作宾 语的动词不定式,只保留to,但如果该宾语是动 词不定式to be或完成时态,则须在to后加上be或have．（would like to, want to, ought to，hope to等） ---Do you know Miss Hu? ---I don’t know (her). (2) You can eat anything if you want to (eat). (3) ---Are you a teacher? ---No, but I want to be (a teacher). (4) ---He hasn’t finished the task. ---Well, he ought to have (finished it).

简单句中的省略 4.省略表语 5.同时省略几个句子成分 ---Are you thirsty? ---Yes, I am (thirsty). 5.同时省略几个句子成分 ---Are you feeling better now? --- (I’m feeling) better (now). (2) (I wish) Good luck (to you)!

并列句中的省略 两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句 中相同的部分． (1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. (2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school (3) Lin’s father was not at home, but his mother was (at home).

主从复合句中的省略 1.主句中有一些主谓被省略 2.省略从句中与主句相同的部分 3.主句与从句各有一些成分被省略 1.主句中有一些主谓被省略　 (I’m) Sorry to hear that you are ill. (2) (It’s) A pity that you missed such a good chance. 2.省略从句中与主句相同的部分 They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents). 3.主句与从句各有一些成分被省略 The sooner (you do it) , the better (it will be ).

4.宾语从句中常省略引导词that,但多个宾语从句并列时,通常只省略第一个that。 I think (that) it will be warm tomorrow. He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 5.在定语从句中关系词that在从句中作宾语时能省略。 The book (that) I borrowed yesterday was hers. The man (that) they are talking about is my teacher. The man that is standing over there is my teacher.

6.在某些状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致或者从句主语为it，且从句谓语部分有be动词时,可省去“主语+be”部分 (1) As (he was) a child, he lived in India. (2) If (you are) asked you may come in. (3) If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again. (4) Though (he is) young, he knows a lot.

7.连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但要将后面的谓语should，were，had等提到主语的前面构成倒装. Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. If they had time, they would certainly come and help us. (2) Were I you, I would do the work better. If I were you, I would do the work better.

其他省略 (1) 某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to还原。 I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day.

其他省略 不定式符号to的省略 (2)并列的不定式可省去后面的 to. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. (3) help 当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带. I will help you (to) do it. （4）介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带 to. The boy did nothing but play.

替代： so和not 一般在表示个人看法或想法的动词，如think, believe, suppose, expect, hope, do, see， be afraid of等后面有省略时，要用 so或not作替代词: so 代替肯定的部分, not 代替否定的部分。若有副词，not 一般放在 perhaps，probably，absolutely等副词后。 I think you can pass the exam, and we all think so. 2. I don’t know if she will come or not, but I suppose not. 3. --Will you attend his party if you are not invited? --Absolutely not.

Class is over!