山西芮城引种白菊花中主要有效成分的比较研究 薛黎明1，秦雪梅1*，郭吉刚2 （1.山西大学化学化工学院 太原030006 2.山西生物应用职业技术学院 太原 030031） 前 言 山西芮城近年从杭白菊的道地产地浙江桐乡引种栽培了白菊花，并建设了一条机械化加工生产线。为确定适宜采收期和比较引种地与原产地菊花的质量,以及机械与传统蒸晒加工方法的优劣，需对菊花进行内在质量的对比研究。菊花作为药材其有效成分主要为绿原酸、挥发油和黄酮类化合物，作为饮品，氨基酸为主要水溶性营养成分。因此对这些成分的含量测定是控制药用兼饮品菊花质量的主要项目。 研 究 内 容 花 期 分类 状 态 产量 （g/朵） 胎花期 1 花蕾，未露舌状花，稍露管状花 0.50 初开期 2 “杯状菊”舌状花淡黄色，舌状花开10～50％ 0.83 半开期 3 舌状花全开，略显黄色，管状花开10％以下 1.50 盛开期 4 舌状花全开，白色，管状花开10～40％ 1.69 花后期 5 舌状花全开，白色，管状花开40～60％ 1.64 花败期 6 舌状花全开，白色，管状花开60～100％ 1.66 表 1 各花期形态 图 1 不同花期产量 图 2 各个花期四种成分含量变化 图 3 不同样品中四种成分的含量 结 果 ● 舌状花的开放程度是影响产量的主要因素。四种主要成分随花期总体呈下降趋势。胎菊各项指标较高，但是产量过低，可作为高等茶饮。 ● 挥发油类，总黄酮类是主要解热、降压的成分，其含量是菊花入药的质量保证。白菊花作为茶饮，总氨基酸和挥发油含量是决定其品质的主要因素。而白菊花中挥发油的含量影响因素以采收期＞干燥加工方法＞产地贮。本品菊花作为普通饮品或入药，兼顾产量与质量。 ● 传统蒸晒加工方式样品中挥发油含量较低且颜色较浅；而机械化加工高效卫生、加工时间短在挥发油的保留上明显具有优势，加工方式对其它三种成分的影响不大。引种地芮城与原产地在成分上的差异不大，挥发油略降低的原因是采收期推迟，产品中的半开期以后的花序较多。形态学看，桐乡样品以胎菊和杯菊为多，芮城同花期(半开期以前)样品挥发油含量也在0.3%以上，与原产地相当。 结 论 采收期——高档饮品菊以胎花期至初开期为宜，普通茶品与药用以半开期至盛开期为宜； 加工方法——机械加工完全可替代传统蒸晒且高效卫生； 产地——芮城是白菊花的适宜引种地。 中草药,2007,38(5):751-754

慢性不可预知与慢性束缚应激抑郁模型的大鼠行为学考察及代谢物分析 薛黎明1 秦雪梅1 代云桃1 朴晋华2 钞建斌3 （1 山西大学化学化工学院 山西·太原 030006； 2 山西省食品药品检验所 山西·太原030001；3 山西大学分析测试中心 山西 太原 030006） 研究背景 国内外专家广泛认可慢性不可预知性轻度应激模型（Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress，CUMS），中医专家较认可慢性束缚应激模型(Chronic Restraint Stress，MS)，本试验通过行为学指标和代谢组学技术考察两种抑郁症模型，为进一步的药效学研究和模型形成机制的研究做准备。 研究内容 行为学研究 代谢组学研究 图4 CUMS组与对照组分布图 图1 大鼠体重变化 图5 MS组与对照组分布图 图2 糖水偏爱实验 图3 糖水消耗实验 图6 MS组、CUMS组与对照组分布图 表1 大鼠行为学变化( x±s ) 组别 水平运动（格） 垂直运动（次） 中央格停留时间（s） 理毛（次） 粪便（粒） NS 35±12.96 10.16±4.79 10.0±15.61 2.67±2.34 0.33±0.82 CUMS 1.83±0.75﹡﹡ 0.5±1.22﹡﹡ 251.83±30.02﹡﹡ 0.83±1.17 8±1.10﹡﹡ MS 33.67±21.9 10.5±6.97 81.83±47.18﹡﹡ 2.33±2.26 0.0±0.0 ﹡P < 0.05 , ﹡﹡ P < 0. 01 结　　论 ◆ 行为学考察两种造模方法，CUMS结合孤养模型组，动物的各项行为学指标均显示建模成功。而MS组在主要的行为学指标上与对照组没有显著差异，只在体重、糖水消耗及糖水偏爱程度上有显著差异。 ◆ 代谢组学研究显示两种模型组与对照组都达到了很好的分离效果，证明两种造模方式均明显影响大鼠体内代谢物的变化。三种模型一起对比分析显示CUMS要比MS分离效果更好。 ◆ 慢性不可预知应激模型是一种更理想的抑郁模型,将应用于后续药物筛选和抑郁症的基础研究。

Xue liming1 Qin Xuemei1 Guo Jigang2 Comparative Study on active components of Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivate in RuiCheng Xue liming1 Qin Xuemei1 Guo Jigang2 (School of chemistry in Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006,2.College of biological application of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030031) Introduction Methods Family name: Chrysanthemum morifolium Ethnic name: Bai Juhua Original place: TongXiang,Zhejing Province Cultivated place: Ruicheng,Shanxi Province Processing way: Steaming(Traditional), Machine Component: Colorogenic acid, Total flavones, total Amoninitrogen and volatile oil Purpose: To make sure the proper havest time cultivate in RuiCheng and confirm the processing way The content of Colorogenic acid in Bai Juhua was analyzed by HPLC． Total flavones and total Amoninitrogen in Bai Juhua was measured by spectrophotometery. The volatile oil obtained by distiling. Results Fig.1 The outputs in differernt growing periods Fig.2 The content of four active components in different growing periods Fig.3 The content of four active components in different Cultivated place and different processing ways samples Conclusions Acknowledgement ★ Baijuhua was suppose to be harvested before the second growing period as the top grade tea and should be collected in half-opened or full-opened periodsfor common tea. ★ The way by machine, more sanitarian and higher efficacy, could totally replace the traditional steaming way. ★ Ruicheng could be consider as a proper cultivation place for BaiJuhua. Thanks the Fengyuan company in Ruicheng deeply for the supply of the Chrysanthemi flos Samples in different growing periods and different processing samples. The type of Chrysanthemi flos was identified by professor Guo Qiaosheng, who worked in college of agriculture in Nanjing, as small white Chrysanthemi type, one of the types processed in Hangzhou.

Comparison Study on Chornic Unpredictable Mild Stress rats and Chronic restraint Stress rats from Metabolite profiles and Behavior Xue Li-ming1,Qin Xue-mei1,Dai Yun-tao 1, Piao Jin-hua2Chao Jian-bin3 (School of chemistry in Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006；2. Department of Food and Drug inspection of ShanXi 030001；3.Department of analysis center in Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006) Background Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress model (CUMS), was regard as a common depression model by the experts of world. while Chronic Restraint Stress model (CRMS) was partly used by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) researchers. It is of significance to make a comparing study of the two models Results Results of Behavior indexes Table.1 Behavior changes of rats ( x±s ) Group Horizon motion Vertical motion Times of staying in central square Hair repair times Dejecta numbers NS 35±12.96 10.16±4.79 10.0±15.61 2.67±2.34 0.33±0.82 CUMS 1.83±0.75﹡﹡ 0.5±1.22﹡﹡ 251.83±30.02﹡﹡ 0.83±1.17 8±1.10﹡﹡ MS 33.67±21.9 10.5±6.97 81.83±47.18﹡﹡ 2.33±2.26 0.0±0.0 ﹡P < 0.05 , ﹡﹡ P < 0. 01 Table.2 Compareison of sweet water intakes( x±s ) Sweet water intakes -1d（g） 22d g） NS 20.78±4.53 20.25±17.99 CUMS 22.67±3.36 7.86±3.56﹡﹡ MS 16.77±3.44 9.65±4.49﹡ ﹡P < 0.05 , ﹡﹡ P < 0. 01 Fig.1 the change of weight Fig.2 comparerision of sweet water test Results of metabolite profiles Conclusions ● In view of behavior changes, the behavior indexs showed that the MS model was not as successful as CUMS model. In the case of MS, there was no distinct difference in behavior compared with control group. It just shown differences in body weight and sweet water intake. ● The training groups in the two models were separated pretty well from control group which showed that way of building models had impacted on the metabolite of rats. The two model groups mixed together(Fig.5). ● Depression model of CUMS integrates with single breed stress, succeeded in behaviors indexes, was considered as an ideal depression model and will be used in the further study of depression and the the effection of drug on the diserse. Fig.3 The distribution of CUMS and control group Fig.4 The distribution of MS and control group knowledge 1HNMR-based metabonomics, developing fast in recent years, was a new method which wildly used for analyzing the urine metaboliites profiles. Pattern Recognition Analysis was applied to analysis the integrate datas from 1HNMR. Fig.5 The distribution of MS 、CUMS and control group Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2007,38(5):751-754