定语从句 Ⅰ定语从句及其相关概念; Ⅱ关系代词引导的定语从句; Ⅲ关系副词引导的定语从句; Ⅳ由as引导的定语从句; Ⅴ注意事项。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 2019/4/27 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ

Ⅰ定语从句及相关概念 量词、名词、副词、不定 代词、介词短语等来担任。 这个句子就是定语从句。 C 如果是一个句子担任定语，那 定语：可以由形容词、代词、数 量词、名词、副词、不定 代词、介词短语等来担任。 如果是一个句子担任定语，那 这个句子就是定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 定语从句 2019/4/27 C

2. 先行词：被定从所修饰的词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词。 3.关系词：（见下表） 1.概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名 词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 2. 先行词：被定从所修饰的词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词。 3.关系词：（见下表） 2019/4/27

关系词 先行词所指 关系词在句中作用 关 系 代 词 that 人/物 主、宾、表 which 物 主、宾、表、定（偶） who 人 主、宾 whom 宾 whose 定 as 人/物/事情 副 when 时间 时间状语 where 地点 地点状语 why 原因 原因状语 2019/4/27

1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整，限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。如 2019/4/27 4.定语从句的分类： 1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整，限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。如 The man who/that came first is Mike. I’ll never forget the day when we first met each other. 2019/4/27

2）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的，非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有句号。 His mother does morning exercises every day, which is good for her health. 2019/4/27

Ⅱ关系代词引导的定语从句 先行词和关系代词的种类 先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人 who, that whom (who), that whose 物 which, that whose, of which 2019/4/27 C

She is speaking at the meeting. 2. 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致 The woman is my mother. She is speaking at the meeting. The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother. 2019/4/27

判断步骤： （1）判断出先行词 （2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分 （3）确定关系代词的人称和数 ★定从的时态不受主句的限制 The woman who/that was spoken to yesterday is my mother. 2019/4/27

（2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分以确定关系代词的格 （3）确定从句时态 3. 定语从句的辨认与使用 （1）找出先行词 a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性 b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后） （2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分以确定关系代词的格 （3）确定从句时态 Do you know the boy my mother is talking to? 2019/4/27

who代人，在从句担任主语，也可代替在从句中做宾语的whom，前面不能有介词。如有介词则必用whom（结构：介词+whom）。 4. 各关系代词的使用方法 （1）who（whom） who代人，在从句担任主语，也可代替在从句中做宾语的whom，前面不能有介词。如有介词则必用whom（结构：介词+whom）。 2019/4/27

The girl who is in red is Mary. She is the girl who/whom I met that day. The doctor to whom she sent her friend is very famous. 2019/4/27

a.先行词为one(s)，anyone those时,用who. b. 先行词有较长定语时用who 注意：以下情况，用who不用that a.先行词为one(s)，anyone those时,用who. b. 先行词有较长定语时用who I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese. 2019/4/27

c.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that另一个用who. The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. d.在there be 开头的句中用who 2019/4/27

I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. 是代词的所有格，即可代人，又可代物。 I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the bag whose cover is red. 2019/4/27

只用于限定性定语从句中，介词后不能跟that，而跟which. His mother does morn-ing exercises every day, which is good for her health. 2019/4/27

在限定性定语从句中，which和that都指物时，可通用。 The picture that/which was drawn by Tom was nice. 2019/4/27

有些情况下，只能用that，而不能用which. a.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高 级形容词时. b.先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时. c.主句有疑问词who或which时 d.先行词既有人又有物时 2019/4/27

g.有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词用which, 另一个用that e.先行词是all, much, little, the one, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等时 f.先行词only, any, few , little, no, all, one of, the same , the very等词修饰时 g.有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词用which, 另一个用that 2019/4/27

在非限定性定语从句中，只用which，不用that. 在限定性定语从句中，只用which，而不用that的情况： 2019/4/27

This is the hotel in which you will stay. b.如有两个定从，其中一句的 关系词是that，另一句用which. Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 2019/4/27

I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter. （5）关系代词与介词 a. 当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。例如： I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter. 2019/4/27

The man whom/who/that/ × he is searching for is in Shanghai. b.介词在末尾时，可用that/ which（代物）that/ whom/ who（代人）做介词的宾语，切这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。例如： The man whom/who/that/ × he is searching for is in Shanghai. 2019/4/27

②. 情况：a.关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时; b.在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾,例如： （6）关系代词的省略 ①. 条件：只在限定性定从中可省 ②. 情况：a.关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时; b.在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾,例如： Here is the man you have been searching for. 2019/4/27

Shanghai is no longer the city it used to be. d.在there be句型中，先行词是way时，关系代词省略。 I don’t like the way (that) you talk to me. 2019/4/27

Ⅲ关系副词引导的定语从句 1.作用：1）在定从中替代先行词 2）在从句中担任状语，起副词和介词短语的作用 3）起连接作用，把两个句子连接主从复合句 2.关系副词：where，when，why 2019/4/27 c

3.各关系代词的用法： 1）where：表……的地方，修饰场所、方位名词。 This is the house. I was born in the house. =This is the house where I was born. =This is the house which I was born in. =This is the house in which I was born. 2019/4/27

2） when：表……的时候，修饰日子年代等名词。 We will never forget the day when join the party. 2019/4/27

The reason why I called is to invite you to a party. ★区分与关系代词的区别，只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就是关系副词。 2019/4/27

1. such … as…“像……一样的”，“像……之类” the same…as… “和……同样的 2019/4/27 c

This is the same thing as we are in need of. 在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中such和same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，as在从句中担任主、宾、表。 This is the same thing as we are in need of. Such people as you say are short now. 2019/4/27

such为代词，意思为”这样的人/物“，as修饰先行词such。例如： This book is not such as I hope. 2019/4/27

as that都引导定语从句，意思不同。但从句中省去谓语时必须用as.例如： 3. the same…as … “同一类” the same… that… “同一个” as that都引导定语从句，意思不同。但从句中省去谓语时必须用as.例如： She is the same age as you that you are. 2019/4/27

在这里，as引导非限定性定语从句，相当于which引导的非限定性定语从句，有时可互换。 He is from Beijing, as/ which they know from the way he speaks. 2019/4/27

Ⅴ注意事项 1. what不引导定语从句 I want to give you what I have. (宾语从句） 2. 先行词被the same 修饰时，关系代词既可用that, 也可用as.但意义不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同样的”。 2019/4/27 c

3. 关系副词when，where why其含义相当于on which, in which, for which等可交替使用。 The day when/on which I met him first was May 1st. 2019/4/27

4.当先行词为专有名词或整个句子是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。 The sun, which gives us light, is very big. 2019/4/27

2019/4/27 Thank you very much! 2019/4/27