China-EU Employment and Social Security Policy Dialogue & Workshop 中国-欧盟就业和社保政策对话与研讨会 China-EU Employment and Social Security Policy Dialogue & Workshop 2016年4月26日 ·北京 Beijing, April 26, 2016

Perspectives on Current Global Employment Situation 关于当前全球就业形势的主要看法 Perspectives on Current Global Employment Situation 蒲宇飞 Pu Yufei 中国国家发展改革委就业和收入分配司 Department of Employment and Income Distribution, National Development and Reform Commission

一、全球就业状况趋于分化 Polarizing（variations in) Global Employment Situation （一）主要发达国家就业触底反弹 Employment in developed countries starts to rebound after hitting bottom （二）新兴及发展中国家就业形势趋于严峻 Employment situation in emerging and developing countries is turning grimmer （三）中国就业形势稳中向好 Employment in China remains stable and keeps improving

Polarizing Global Employment Situation 一、全球就业状况趋于分化 Polarizing Global Employment Situation （一）主要发达国家就业触底反弹 Employment in developed countries starts to rebound after hitting bottom 美国2015年失业率5.3%，较上年回落1个百分点。 In the United States, unemployment rate stood at 5.3% in 2015, down by 1 percentage point compared to 2014. 日本2015年失业率3.4%，连续5年下降，就业人数连续3年增加。 In Japan, unemployment rate scored(was) 3.4% in 2015 and has dropped continuously in the past 5 years, with the increasing number of the employed in 3 years. 欧盟2016年2月份失业率8.9%，为2009年5月以来最低。 In EU, unemployment rate of February 2016 was 8.9%, lowest since May 2009.

Polarizing Global Employment Situation 一、全球就业状况趋于分化 Polarizing Global Employment Situation （二）新兴及发展中国家就业形势趋于严峻 Employment situation in emerging and developing countries turns grimmer 海湾合作委员会以外的其他阿拉伯国家2015年失业率达到15.2%，较上年增长0.1个百分点。 Unemployment rate in non-GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) Arab countries reached 15.2% in 2015, up by 0.1 percentage point on 2014. 南非2015年失业率达到25.1%。 South Africa’s unemployment rate reached 25.1% in 2015. 巴西2015年失业率8.5%，创2012年以来新高。 Brazil’s unemployment rate scored 8.5% in 2015, a new record high since 2012.

Polarizing Global Employment Situation 一、全球就业状况趋于分化 Polarizing Global Employment Situation （三）中国就业形势稳中向好 Employment in China remains stable and keeps improving 2011-2015年，全国城镇新增就业6431万人，创历史新高。 From 2011 to 2015, China created 64.31 million new jobs in urban areas, a record high. 城镇登记失业率一直保持在4.1%以内，低于5%的规划控制目标。 Registered urban unemployment rate has been kept below 4.1%, lower than the planned ceiling of 5%. 城镇就业所占比重从2010年的45.6%上升到2015年的52.2%。 Proportion of urban employment grew from 45.6% in 2010 to 52.2% in 2015.

Polarizing Global Employment Situation 一、全球就业状况趋于分化 Polarizing Global Employment Situation （三）中国就业形势稳中向好 Employment in China remains stable and keeps improving 经济运行在合理区间，创造就业岗位能力持续增强。 Economy remains within a reasonable range, enhancing ability to create jobs. 新旧增长动力加速转换，劳动力市场流动能力进一步提升。 The economic growth mode shift from the old one to the new one speeds up, promoting mobility of the labor market. 信息技术加速应用，劳动力市场供求匹配能力显著增强。 Application of information technologies enables the labor market to better match supply and demand. 盯住重点人群，防范失业风险政策体系更加完善。 The policy system to prevent unemployment is improved with a particular focus on key groups.

Challenges and Difficulties 二、面临的挑战和困难 Challenges and Difficulties （一）世界经济形势复杂严峻，就业压力依然较大 With a complicated and grim global economic situation, employment is still under great pressures. （二）人口老龄化日益加剧，劳动力结构加速老化 Rapidly aging population speeds up aging of the labor force structure. （三）劳动参与率不断下降，劳动力供给结构性短缺 Constantly dropping labor force participation rate leads to structural shortages of labor supply. （四）青年失业率偏高，就业问题较为突出 High youth unemployment highlights the problem of youth employment. （五）脆弱就业人口庞大，就业质量有待提升 Population in vulnerable employment is large and employment quality needs to be improved.

Proportion of People Aged 65 and Over Global In China 数据来源：美国人口普查局和中国国家统计局 Sources: US Census Bureau & National Bureau of Statistics of China

Labor Force Participation Rates in Some Parts of the World United States Europe East Asia South Asia 数据来源：国际劳工组织 Sources: International Labor Organization

三、对策建议 Measures(Policies) & Suggestions （一）加快实施就业优先战略 Speed up implementing the Employment Prioritized Strategy （二）更加重视劳动者素质的提升 Attach more importance to improving quality of the labor force （三）积极发展非正规就业 Promote informal employment （四）创造良好的就业环境 Create a favorable employment environment （五）不断改善创业创新环境 Keep improving environment for entrepreneurship and innovation

Measures & Suggestions 三、对策建议 Measures & Suggestions （一）加快实施就业优先战略 Speed up implementing the Employment Prioritizing Strategy 加快实施就业优先战略和更加积极的就业政策，将促进就业确立为经济 社会发展的优先目标 和宏观经济政策的核心考虑。 Implement Employment Prioritizing Strategy and more proactive employment policies. Give priority to employment-promotion when setting targets of economic and social development and make it a key point in macroeconomic policies.

Measures & Suggestions 三、对策建议 Measures & Suggestions （二）更加重视劳动者素质的提升 Attach more importance to improving quality of the labor force 建立终身学习和职业技能培训制度，加大教育培训力度，为青年、农村劳动力和大龄劳动力提供更具针对性的教育培训。 Establish lifelong learning and professional skill training systems.  Promote education and training and provide more targeted education and training for youth, labor force in rural areas and elder laborers.

Measures & Suggestions 三、对策建议 Measures & Suggestions （三）积极发展非正规就业 Promote informal employment 非正规就业不再等同于传统意义上的低端就业、低质量就业。 Informal employment no longer means low-end or low-quality  jobs in the traditional definition. 完善有利于鼓励、引导非正规就业的就业创业政策体系，倡导通过正规就业与非正规就业并重来促就业。 Improve employment and entrepreneurial policy systems that encourage and guide informal employment. Promote employment through encouraging informal employment as well as formal employment.

III. Measures & Suggestions 三、对策建议 III. Measures & Suggestions （四）创造良好的就业环境 Create a favorable employment environment 健全劳动就业政策法规体系，完善公共就业服务体系，织密筑牢社会保障安全网，充分保护劳动者的合法权益。 Put in place a sound  system of policies, laws and regulations about labor and employment. Improve public employment services. Provide a sound  social security net, and fully protect legitimate rights and  interests of laborers. 

Measures & Suggestions 三、对策建议 Measures & Suggestions （五）不断改善创业创新环境 Keep improving environment for entrepreneurship and innovation 完善个体创业创新的外部市场和政策环境，积极鼓励新兴业态和适应人口老龄化需求的健康、养老、护理等生活消费型服务业创业创新，拓展绿色就业。 Improve external market and policy environment for individual entrepreneurship and innovation. Encourage new industry patterns. Encourage entrepreneurship and innovation in living consumption services, such as healthcare, old-age service and nursing care. Explore ways of increasing green jobs.