李樹強醫生 香港腔內微創泌尿外科學會主席 陳偉希醫生 香港腔內微創泌尿外科學會榮譽秘書 彭嘉麗小姐 香港大學民意研究計劃統籌 2007 東亞洲微創泌尿外科學會年會 傳媒發佈會 李樹強醫生 香港腔內微創泌尿外科學會主席 陳偉希醫生 香港腔內微創泌尿外科學會榮譽秘書 彭嘉麗小姐 香港大學民意研究計劃統籌

香港上尿路結石調查2007 Survey on Upper Urinary Tract Stone Disease 2007 香港腔內微創泌尿外科學會 The Hong Kong Society of Endourology 香港大學民意研究計劃 Public Opinion Programme of the University of Hong Kong 陳偉希醫生 Dr Chan Wai-hee Steve

簡介 上尿路結石(包括腎和輸尿管結石)是一種常見之疾病 Upper urinary stone is a common disease

成因: 遺傳 飲食 感染(發炎) 阻塞 Causes: Inheritance Eating and drinking habit Infection Obstruction

Risks and complications: 上尿路結石可引致之風險: Risks and complications: 腎絞痛 Renal colic 尿道感染 Urinary tract infection 血尿 Hematuria 腎功能減退或腎衰竭 Renal impairment

結石病者也可以藉着飲食的改變從而減低復發的機會 根據研究腎結石和飲食習慣有很大之關係 Stone formation is related to eating & drinking habit 注重飲食更可以減少結石的風險 結石病者也可以藉着飲食的改變從而減低復發的機會 Modification can reduce the risk for forming/ recurrence of stone

香港腔內微創泌尿外科學會聯同香港大學民意研究計劃進行研究調查 Cooperation between The Hong Kong Society of Endourology and HKUPOP 主要調查之目的為香港市民對上尿路結石的認知 Conducted a survey focus on public’s knowledge on upper urinary tract stones

在今年11月以電腦隨機方式透過電話成功訪問了1,010位18歲或以上操粵語的香港居民 Conducted computed-assisted telephone interviews with 1,010 HK citizens of age 18 or above in November 整體回應比率為67.6% Response rate was 67.6% 調查數字已按全港人口年齡及性別分佈以加權方法作出調整 Data collected was further adjusted based on gender-age distribution of HK population in mid-2007

另外受訪者中有70人(6.9%)的家庭成員患有或曾經患有上尿路結石 當中有25人(2.4%)患有或曾經患有上尿路結石 2.5% respondents have/ had upper urinary stones 另外受訪者中有70人(6.9%)的家庭成員患有或曾經患有上尿路結石 6.9% have direct family members having/ had upper urinary stones 經計算之家庭發病率為9.4% Household incidence estimated 9.4%

男女之比例為:男46.7%; 女53.3% 平均年龄為45 最多受 訪者屬於40-49歲之組別 M:F 46.7%vs 53.3% Average age 45 最多受 訪者屬於40-49歲之組別 Commonest age group was 40-49 years old

結石病者之特徵

職業比對

水份的攝取 Daily fluid intake

公眾對上尿路結石的認知調查 Survey on public knowledge

每天應飲多少水? How much shall we drink to reduce stone formation?

那些食物會增多結石機會? Which food may increase stone formation chance? 高鹽份食物 salty food 9.4% 肉類 meat 1.3% 甜食 sweets 1.3% 花生果仁 nuts 1.1% 菠菜 spinach 2.3% 65.8%答不知道 (no idea)

應否儘量減少鈣質的攝取? Can restriction in calcium intake reduce stone formation?

患腎石應該找什麼醫生治療? Who is responsible for treating urinary stones?

分析 Discussion 從生活飲食的改變有助預防或減低結石的風險 Life style modification was proven to reduce stone formation 數據顯示香港上尿路石(腎/輸尿管)的發病率為偏低 2.4% Prevalence as from the study was low (2.4%)

鄰近地區的發病率 Prevalence of neighboring areas 韓國Korea 3.5% (Urology 2002) 日本Japan 6.95%(Int J Urol 1996) 中國China 5.5-8%(J Clin Urol 2004, Chin J Epidem 2003) 台灣Taiwan 9.6%(Urol Int 2002) 估計原因: Reasons 飲食習慣 Difference in lifestyle 統計偏差 Errors in survey

超過半受訪者對飲食預防有錯誤觀念 近半受訪者不知應找泌尿科醫生治療腎石 Over half of the respondents had wrong concepts about prevention of urinary stones 近半受訪者不知應找泌尿科醫生治療腎石 Nearly half of the respondents did not know that they should consult a urologist for treatment of urinary stones

結論,建議 recommendation 政府及專業應加強教育 Health authority and the professional groups should strengthen education of the public

健康之飲食習慣: Healthy habits: 多飲水,生果,果汁 More water, fruits and juice 少吃鹽 Less salt 少肉類,內臟 Less meat and viscera 少甜食,酒精 Less sweet and alcohol 少吃花生果仁 Less nuts 適當鈣質 Appropriate calcium intake

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