生產作業管理 作業與生產力 第一章 At this point: 生產作業管理 作業與生產力 第一章 At this point: 1. Introduce yourself - your students are likely to want to know something about your qualifications and interests - overall, where you are coming from. 2. Have students introduce themselves. Ask why they are taking this class. If you are fortunate enough to have a Polaroid camera, take pictures of each student for later posting on a class “board” so both they and you get to know each other. 3. Discuss both choice of textbook and development of syllabus. 4. If you are expecting students to work in teams, at east introduce the choice of team members. If at all possible, have students participate in a team building or team study exercise. It works wonders. Most student have been told to work in teams in prior classes, but have never examined exactly what a team is and how it works. One hour spent in a team building/examination exercise saves many hours and avoids many problems later on. Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

本章大綱 全球性公司的概述 : 硬石餐廳 什麼是作業管理? 生產商品與服務 為何要學習作業管理? 作業管理人員的工作內容 本書的組織 Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

本章大鋼 作業管理的演進 服務領域的作業 作業管理的新趨勢 商品和服務的差異 服務業的成長 服務業的薪資 Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

本章大綱 提升生產力的挑戰 生產力衡量 生產力變數 生產力與服務領域 Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

生產是指商品或服務的創造 作業管理是將投入轉換為產出，以使商品或服務具有價值的一組活動 什麼是作業管理? 生產是指商品或服務的創造 作業管理是將投入轉換為產出，以使商品或服務具有價值的一組活動 Two additional points: 1. Any activity is an “operation” 2. No company produces only “goods” - service is a greater or lesser part of any product. (Discuss this in more detail later) Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

生產商品與服務 Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

生產商品與服務 必備功能: 行銷 – 觸發需求 生產 –生產產品 財務 / 會計 – 追蹤組織執行績效 、財務支付狀況以及資金運作 Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

組織性功能 行銷 作業 © 1995 Corel Corp. 財務 / 會計 Here is the point at which you can add to your discussion of the three business functions. In an effort to encourage student participation, you might allow students to lead the discussion as to the nature of each function, while you lead the discussion as to the relationship of the individual functions to the larger business. Initiate a class discussion about how these functions expand as the firm grows and how new activities have become important (i.e., MIS and Human Resources) Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

一般服務業及製造業的組織圖 Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

商業銀行 商業銀行 財務 / 行銷 作業 會計 票據清算 交易程序 出納 出納員排程 © 1984-1994 T/Maker Co. Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

航空公司 航空 作業 財務 / 會計 行銷 地面設備 飛機作業 保養維護 管理科學 © 1984-1994 T/Maker Co. Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

製造業 製造業 設備 財務/ 會計 行銷 產品控制 製造 採購 品質控制 Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

組織圖 商業銀行 作業 財務 會計 審計 行銷 貸款 徵信部門 出納員排程 票據清算 交易程序 設施佈置 出納 金庫作業 保養維護 債券 投資 保全 不動產 會計 審計 行銷 貸款 商業 個人 工業 抵押 徵信部門 Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

組織圖 航空公司 作業 財務 / 會計 行銷 地面設備 保養維護 地面作業 設備保修 餐飲準備 飛機作業 機員排程 飛行 通訊 配送 管理科學 財務 / 會計 會計 支出 收入 總帳 財務 現金控制 匯兌 行銷 運量管理 訂位 排程 訂價 業務 廣告 Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

組織圖 製造業 作業 財務 / 會計 行銷 設備: 促銷 支出 / 貸入 建築物、保養維護 廣告 支出 生產與存貨控制 業務 收入 排程、物料控制 供應鏈管理 製造 工具、構造、組裝 設計 產品開發與設計 產品細部規格 工業工程 機器、空間、個人的效率 程序分析 開發與機具設定 財務 / 會計 支出 / 貸入 支出 收入 總帳 基金管理 金融市場 匯兌 資本需求 股票 債券發行與撤銷 行銷 促銷 廣告 業務 市場調查 Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

作業對獲利的貢獻 Students can do the math! It may be useful to show a more detailed breakdown of cost-of-goods-sold, and illustrate the contribution to cost-of-goods sold of marketing, finance/accounting, and operations. It may also be helpful to use this data to introduce and illustrate fixed and variable costs and their relationship to net contribution. Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

作業管理人員的工作內容 規劃 – 組織 – 人員 – 領導 – 控制 This is the typical breakdown one finds in many business courses. It may be helpful to the students if you discuss each of these elements in relationship to something you or they have done. Work on a group project, for example, can provide a useful vehicle for the discussion. Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

作業管理的十大決策 服務和商品設計…………….. Ch. 5 品質管理………………… Ch. 6, 6S 製程與產能設計………….. 廠址 / 店址選擇 …………….………………… 設施佈置設計…………………… 人力資源與工作設計…….. 供給鏈管理………… 存貨及物料的需求規劃 ……………. 中短期排程 ……………………… 保養維護 …………………………. Ch. 5 Ch. 6, 6S Ch. 7, 7S Ch. 8 Ch. 9 Ch. 10, 10S Ch. 11,11s Ch. 12, 14, 16 Ch. 3, 13, 15 Ch. 17 This slide introduces the 10 decision areas of Operations Management. These decision areas form the structure of the text. You may either go through this list quickly, and hold an enriched discussion using some of the slides that follow; or ask the students to give you examples of specific decisions from each area. As mentioned before - you may forego looking for precise answers at this point - and simply try to get them thinking and involved. Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

作業管理的演進 Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

作業管理發展的重要事件 You should stress that the time-based historical perspective is only one way to look at the development of Operations Management, outcome focus is another. Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

商品與服務的差異 產品可被儲存 許多品質特性可被衡量 許多服務無法被儲存 許多品質特性難以被衡量 商品的特性 服務的特性 商品的特性 服務的特性 產品可被儲存 許多品質特性可被衡量 許多服務無法被儲存 許多品質特性難以被衡量 At this point, you might approach this and the next several slides by asking students to identify a product (good or service as appropriate) that illustrates each characteristic. You might also ask them to identify products that violate one or more of these distinctions between goods and services. Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

商品與服務的差異 商品的特性 服務的特性 產品可被轉售 通常可藉由自動化生產 收益主要來自實體產品 服務無法被轉售 通常難以自動化生產 商品的特性 服務的特性 產品可被轉售 通常可藉由自動化生產 收益主要來自實體產品 服務無法被轉售 通常難以自動化生產 收益主要來自無形服務 Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

大多數產品中同時包含商品與服務的成分 汽車 電腦 地毯裝璜 速食 餐廳食物 自動修護 醫院照護 廣告代理 投資管理 顧問服務 諮詢 25 This slide should help you make the point that a “product” is seldom only a “good” or only a “service” but usually includes some of each. You might also raise the point that as companies are reaching the limit of evolution of the physical (good), they are tending to add information (a service) to their product. Finally, it is important that the student be able to cite examples illustrating each of the ranges shown in the slide. 諮詢 25 50 75 100 產品中包含商品的比重 產品中包含服務的比重 Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

多要素生產力 生產力 = 產出量 勞工 + 材料 + 能源 + 資金+ 其它 生產力 = 產出量 勞工 + 材料 + 能源 + 資金+ 其它 This slide can be used to introduce multi-factor productivity. Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

生產力衡量的問題 品質 外部因素 衡量的精確性 Ask the students to think about why productivity is so difficult to measure. Have them identify several tasks or jobs, and help them identify some possible productivity measures. Ask them how they would go about making these measurements. Student and faculty productivity certainly provide examples that can generate discussion! You might ask your students if they believe “grades” measure student productivity. Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

生產力變數 勞工 – 每年生產力的提升有10%來自於勞工這項生產力變數。 資金 –每年生產力的提升有38%來自於資金這項生產力變數。 管理 –每年生產力的提升有52%來自於管理這項生產力變數。 Here again, faculty and student productivity make useful discussion generators. Students can certainly look at the role of both capital and management in the classroom - and they are likely to be able to tie the three productivity variables to the presentation or teaching methodologies of different faculty. Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render – Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e © 2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458