第16讲 虚拟式

概述 虚拟式（Subjunctive Mood）,作为专门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的从此形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。它仅有两个形式，即be-型虚拟式（BE-Subjunctive）和were-型虚拟式（WERE-Subjunctive）。

16.1 be- 型虚拟式 用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that-分句中 用于由if，though等引导的分句中 用于某些公式化语句中

A. 用在decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote等动词之后的that-分句中。 eg. He ordered that all the books be sent at once. She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.

B. 用在advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper等形容词之后的that-分句中。 eg. It is necessary that he come back without delay It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.

C. 用在decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution 等名词之后的that-分句中。 eg. We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. Their decision was that the school remain closed.

Be- 型虚拟式能用于由if, though, whatever, lest, so long as 等引导的分句中表示推测、让步、防备等含义。 eg. If he be found guilty, John shall have the right of appeal. Though everyone desert you, I will not.

Be-型虚拟式用于某些公式化语句中可表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。 eg. Long live the People’s Republic of China! God bless you! God damn you! Devil take him!

16.2 were-型虚拟式 用于某些状语分句中 用于某些名词性分句中

Were-型虚拟式常用于由if, if only, as if, as though, though 引导的条件状语和让步状语分句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。 Eg. If I were you, I should wait till next week. He behaves as though he were better than us.

Were-型虚拟式常用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine 之后的that-分句中，表示一种臆想的（通常是不可能发生的）情况。 Eg. I wish I remembered the address. I would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too).

16.3 假设意义表示法综述 用动词的过去时形式表示假设意义 用情态助动词过去时形式表示假设意义

用动词的过去时形式表示假设意义常见于以下结构： It is time (that)... I would rather/ sooner (that) you/ he/ they... If only... He behaves as if / as though... I wish (that)...

It is time we went to bed. It is time we had dinner. It is about time you made up your mind. It is high time you lent her a hand.

I’m told they are going by bus, but I would rather they went by train. She will get home at dinner time, but I would rather she got home a little earlier. He didn’t attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.

If only I knew her address. If only I had enough money with me. If only I had gone by taxi. If only he had remembered to buy some fruit.

He behaves as if he owned this place. He ordered me about as if he were my boss. We remember the accident vividly as if it happened only yesterday. She looked as if she had had some bad news.

I wish that I didn’t have to go to work today. I wish that I were a bit taller. I wish you were coming with me, Peter. I wish I hadn’t said that.

用情态助动词过去时形式表示假设意义最常见于条件句（Conditional）和含蓄条件句（Implied Conditional）以及某些特定的语境。 由于条件句： 由于含蓄条件句： 由于其他语境： A, B, D, B, A, A

If I were you, I would not miss this opportunity. If you should change your mind, do let me know. If it had not been for me, you would not be free now. If he had brought a map with him, he wouldn’t have got lost.

But for your help, I couldn’t have achieved anything. Anyone who should violate the law would be punished. In different circumstances, I might have agreed. To look at him, you would think him a young man.

That she should forget me so quickly was rather a shock. There is not the remotest possibility of anyone’s calling upon me, and that I should call upon anyone else is thing undreamt of. Oh that I could see him again.

2010 60. It is necessary that he ____ the assignment without delay.    A. hand in       B. hands in      C. must hand in     D. has to hand in

2007 65.It is absolutely essential that William________his study in spite of some learning difficulties. A.will continue B. continued  C.continue D.continues

2007 54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. A.had received　B. received  C.should receive D.were receiving

2006 57 I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in. A that you should think B by what you are thinking C that you would think D with what you were thinking

2006 59 It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. A attracts B shall attract C attract D has to

2006 54 It's high time we __ cutting down the rainforests. A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop

2006 52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you! A would B could C should D might

(2004) 5．It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time. A. hand in             B. would hand in C. have to hand in     D. handed in

(2002) 2. “What courses are you going to do next semester?” “I don’t know. But it’s about time____ on something”  A. I’d decide   B. I decided  C. I decide  D. I’m deciding

(2004) 3.____, I’ll marry him all the same. A. Was he rich or poor   B. Whether rich or poor C. Were he rich or poor       D. Be he rich or poor

1994 4．____you were busy, we wouldn't have bothered you with my questions. A. If I had realized              B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that         D. As I realized

2005 63. ________ you _______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had

(1997) 6．He left orders that nothing _______touched until the police arrived here. A. should be    B. ought to be     C. must be     D. would be

(1998) 1．If your car__ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. A shall need          B should need     C would need     D will need