Unit 6 Healthy diet Grammar

Brainstorming 什么是宾语？ ★ 宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的 承受者

I used to break

什么词可作宾语？ 这个作宾语的句子叫做“宾语从句” I used a hammer to break a window. 名词作宾语 I enjoy playing basketball. 动名词作宾语 I have decided to study hard. 不定式作宾语 I told him about it. 代词作宾语 I told him that I used a hammer to break a window. 句子作宾语 这个作宾语的句子叫做“宾语从句”

Object clauses To say what we know, think, believe, etc, we can use certain verbs with a that-clause. 主句 连词 宾语从句

We often use that-clause after these verbs: agree explain know suggest believe feel say think Work out the rule We often leave out ______ in an object clause in speech. that

连词（引导词） 当宾语从句是陈述句时，连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

In pairs, complete the conversations on the next page In pairs, complete the conversations on the next page. S1 should tell S2 what he/she and other people eat. S2 should look at the table below and give a suitable reply. S1:_______________________________________ (I / lot / sweets / little fruit) S2:_______________________________________ I eat a lot of sweets and only a little fruit. I think (that) you need to eat fewer sweets and more fruit.

2. S1:________________________________________ (I / lot / fried food / little bread) S2: _______________________________________ 3. S1:________________________________________ (My brother / lot / meat / few vegetables) I eat a lot of fried food and only a little bread. I think (that) you need to eat less fried food and more bread. My brother eats a lot of meat and only a few vegetables. I think (that) your brother needs to eat less meat and more vegetables.

4. S1:_________________________________ (I / lot / meat / few oranges) S2: ___________________________________ 5. S1: _____________________________________ (My sister / lot / eggs / few carrots) S2: _____________________________________ I eat a lot of meat and only a few oranges. I think (that) you need to eat less meat and more oranges. My sister eats a lot of eggs and only a few carrots. I think (that) your sister needs to eat fewer eggs and more carrots.

Survey Question: What do you think of the programme, BBC Learn English ？ Results:18% language/quite hard 82% language/easy 36% interesting and enjoyable 40% boring 24% not worth watching 70% the programme should have more music

Linda: Have you completed the survey, Susan? Susan: Yes, and I’ve got the results here. First, (1)___________________________________________ ____________________(think). But (2)_____________ ________________________________________ (feel). Linda: That’s good. Most of us can understand the language. What do they think of the programme? Susan: (3)_________________________________ _____________________________________(believe). Eighteen per cent of the classmates think (that) the language is quite hard eighty-two per cent of them feel (that) the language is easy Thirty-six per cent believe (that) the programme is interesting and enjoyable

Linda: Hmm. But it’s only a small number of them. What do the rest think of the programme? Susan: (4) _________________________________ _______________________(think), and (5)_______ _____________________________________________ __________________________(say). Linda: So do they suggest anything? Susan: (6) _________________________________ _____________________________________(suggest). Linda: That’s a good idea. Forty per cent think (that) the programme is boring twenty-four per cent say (that) the programme is not worth watching Seventy per cent of them suggest (that) the programme (should) have more music

Do you remember what you had today? To say what we know, think, believe, etc. , we can also use verbs with a wh-clause. We often use wh-clauses after these verbs: Do you remember what you had today? 从句的疑问词亦是连词 从句的语序要用陈述语序，“主+谓” 主句：Do you remember it? 从句：What did you have today? 主句 + 从句

Things to remember The subject comes before the verb in the wh-clause. (√) Do you know where he is? ( X ) Do you know where is he?

I don’t understand how that is a balanced diet. 连词（引导词） 由who, whom, whose, which, what, where, how, why, when，if引导的宾语从句。它们也作为从句的疑问词存在。具有意义，不可省略。

In pairs, ask and answer the questions. Follow the example.

1 How many meals do you usually have each day? (Three big meals./Several small meals./...) S1: Do you know how many meals I usually have each day? S2: I think (that) you usually have three big meals each day.

2 Which meal is the most important? (Breakfast./Lunch./Dinner.) S1: Do you know which meal is the most important? S2: I think (that) breakfast is the most important because ….

3 Who do you usually have lunch with at the weekend? (Parents./Friends./...) S1: Do you know who I usually have lunch with at the weekend? S2: I think (that) you usually have lunch alone at the weekend because…

4 Where do you usually have dinner? (At home./In the restaurant./...) S1: Do you know where I usually have dinner? S2: I think (that) you usually have dinner at the school cafeteria.

5 When do you usually have dinner? (At 6 p.m./At 8 p.m./...) S1: Do you know when I usually have dinner? S2: I think (that) you usually have dinner at about 6 p.m.

6 How many glasses of water do you drink every day? (1-5 glasses./6-8 glasses./...) S1: Do you know how many glasses of water I drink every day? S2: I think (that) you drink 3 glasses of water every day.

Dear Editor, Let me explain what I think. I am a farmer. I know we need to use pesticides. 我是一个农民，所以我知道… 复数形式 Lots of people say that we don’t need to use them. 词组 现在时表“现存的观念” I think they are wrong! 要求用宾语从句 Can you imagine 要求整句是问句，且是宾语从句 how many crops birds and insects eat（宾从）? 连词 不特指，不用the 现在时表“规律” So，farmers need to put pesticides on their crops. 词组 此句为论点，应明确关键词 If we don’t use them, there will not be enough food in shops and markets. Don’t forget that we have to eat. 不要忘记一个事实，我们要吃东西的。 eat用作不及物动词, 显出“吃的本能”。加宾语也应加food， them不明确，= pesticides? =food in shops ? = crops

Dear Editor, I’d like to tell what I think about. 词组would like to do I have been a doctor for thirty years. 当一名医生 I don’t think we have to use pesticides. 此句为论点 Nowadays, lots of patients complain 拼写 (that) they have stomach aches. 宾语从句 I believe that food causes this problem. 不特指 现在时单数 指上面的问题 Do you know how many pesticides famers use? 宾从 不特指 If they don’t use pesticides, people will be healthier. I think farmers don’t need to use pesticides.两句均为论点 They are too lazy to frighten away the birds! 此句为个人猜想，作为最后的点缀。特指来农场吃庄稼的鸟

宾语从句的语序 句子的两种语序: 1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序 2.疑问句结构叫疑问语序 There is a market near here. Is there a market near here? 宾语从句必须用 ________ 陈述语序

练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序： 1. Is there a bank near here? 2. Is it on Fifth Avenue? 3. Are they doing homework? There is a bank near here. It is on Fifth Avenue. They are doing homework.

4. Does she work in a hospital? 5. Did you go to Center Park? 6. Do we have to wear a uniform? 7. Can we wear hats in school? She works in a hospital. You went to Center Park. We have to wear a uniform. We can wear hats in school.

确定从句的时态(根据主句时态) 从 句 时 态 主句时态 连 接 前 连 接 后 一般现在时 时态保持不变 一般现在时 一般过去时 从 句 时 态 主句时态 连 接 前 连 接 后 一般现在时 时态保持不变 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时

宾语从句的时态 填一填 Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago. was I hear (that) Jim ( be ) an English teacher now. Jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow. Jim ( sing ) a popular song now. was I hear (that) is will cook is singing 1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。 （需要性原则）

辨一辨 He to Hong Kong . would go He said He sick. He a book . He was was reading had finished his work. 2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）

He told me (that) Summer after Spring . is I was told (that) the sun much bigger than the moon. is My parents told me (that) no news good news. is 3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍 是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）

Find out the mistakes and correct them. Could you tell me where do they live? She knew that Danny is a student. He told me that winter was colder than autumn. Do you know who car it is? was is whose

宾语从句三要素 时态 引导词 语序 that（陈述句 ） if／whether（一般疑问句 ） 特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句) 主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态 时态 主句为一般过去时 从句 一般过去时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 客观真理 自然现象 公式定理 名言警句 时态不变 语序 宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序

Alice asks what Kitty usually ________ (do) on Earth Day. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs in brackets. Alice asks what Kitty usually ________ (do) on Earth Day. Alice is asking what Kitty ________ (do) on Earth Day last year. Alice asked what Kitty _________ (do) on Earth Day next year. does did would do

Part III Post-Learning

I. Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the verbs I. Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the verbs. There is more than one answer to each sentence. I _____________ why I was late. The group _____________ what the best way to finish the work was. I have ____________ when we agreed to meet. Can you tell me again? The students ___________ when the exams were. __________ me when you will be back. I cannot _______________ where I put the keys. I _____________ why the sky is blue. explained discussed forgotten asked Tell remember wonder

II. Complete the conversation according to the result of the survey. Alice did a survey about keeping a balanced diet last Friday. She interviewed 30 students. Now she is talking about the result with Tom.

Survey: Do you have a balanced diet？ Result: Do you eat vegetables and grains every meal? a Yes. (70%) b No. (30%) How often do you have fast food? a Every week. (40%) b Once or twice a month. (30%) c. Never. (30%) How often do you eat fruit? a Every day. (20%) b Sometimes after meals. (50%) c Never. (30%)

Tom：Alice, I’ve heard that you did a survey about keeping a balanced diet. Have you got the result? Alice：Yes. Let me share it with you. Tom：Great! Why did you do such a survey? Alice：Because I want to know _______________ __________________ (how many, a balanced diet). From the survey, I know_____________________ _______________________________(70%, vegetables and grains, every meal). But the other 30% don’t because they think _____________________ (vegetables, not tasty). Tom：Well, I don’t think ____________________ _______________(these students, good eating habits). how many students have a balanced diet (that) 70% of the students have vegetables and grains every meal (that) vegetables are not tasty (that) these students have good eating habits

how often the students have fast food Alice：Yes. Also, I’d like to know_____________ ____________________(how often, fast food) and the result shows ____________________________ _________________ (40%, every week). Tom：I suggest ____________________________ _________ (less fast food). Is there anything else you’ve got? Alice：Yes. I also found _____________________ ______________________ (20%, fruit, every day). Tom：I think ______________________________ ____________ (they, change, eating habits). (that) 40% of the students have fast food every week (that) they (should) have less fast food (that) only 20% students eat fruit every day (that) they should change their eating habits

Exercises 一、将下列句子改为宾语从句。 1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. 2. Light goes faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound. that were that goes

3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know. Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days. 4. What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _____ _____ _____. that would be his name was

5. Where did she put her car? Do you know? Do you know _____ _____ ___ her car? 6. What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered ____ _____ often _____ about. where she put what he talked

7. Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know. I don’ t know ______ ______ at the door so loudly. 8. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me ______ ______ ______ ______. who knocked when the train arrives

二、从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。 1. Do you know _______? A. where does she live B. she lives where C. where she lives D. where she live 2. His parents wanted to know what he ______at that time. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will do C B

3. —We don’t know ____. It is said that he was born in Canada. what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here C 4. Lily’s mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find ____? what Lily was 　 B. what was Lily C. where Lily was D. where was Lily　　　　　　 C

5. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A took B. take C. takes D. will take 6. Linda said the moon___ round the earth. C travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled

三、找出句子的错误并改正。 1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school. __________________________________________ Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school. 2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east. __________________________________________ Father told me the sun always rises in the east. 3.He doesn’t know that when she can come back. He doesn’t know when she can come back. __________________________________________

Thank you!