Unit 2

Unit 2 English around the world

To learn and use the direct speech and the indirect speech in requests and commands.

1. He said, “I’ve left my pen in my room.” → He told me that he had left his pen in his room. 2. She said, “He will be busy.” → She said that he would be busy.

1. 陈述句的间接引语—连接词用that, 在 口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told,等。例如： He said, “I’ve left my book in my room.” → He told me that he had left his book in his room.

2. 疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接 词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时 只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没 有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me， him等。 例如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” → She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.

3. 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如： The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?” → The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.

4. 如何变时态： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般将来时 现在进行时 一般过去时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 不变

如： 1) She said, “I have lost a pen.” → She said she had lost a pen. 2) She said, “We hope so.” → She said they hoped so. 3) She said, “He will go to see his friend.” → She said he would go to see his friend.

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 1) 直接引语是客观真理。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.

2) 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时, 时态不变。 Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 2l, 1989.” → Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1989.

3) 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现 的, 习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存 在的, 变间接引语时, 时态保持不变。 The boy said to us, “I usually get 　　　 up at six every day.” → The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.

4) 若直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句, 变间接引语时, 从句时态不变。 She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” → She said she had gone there when she was six years old.

5) 若直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better等动词时, 从句时态不变。 She said, “We should help each other.” → She said we should help each other.

5. 如何变状语： 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”。例如: now变为then, yesterday变为the day before, today变为that day。 地点状语, 尤其表示方向性的, 或用指示代词修饰的状语, 由“此”改为“彼”。 He said, “These books are mine.” → He said those books were his.

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化: this → that these → those now → then today → that day yesterday → the day before tomorrow → the next day next week (month, year) → the next week (month, year) ago → before here → there

In English you use a command or request when you want someone to do something. Not polite Open the window. Please open the window. Request Very polite Would you please open the window?

Look at these expressions and classify them into Commands and Requests. Correct your spelling mistake. Please…. Can I sit here wait for the doctor? How do you spell that please? Go and …! Would you please…? Do that now! Can I please…? Hold that elevator! Say that again! Would you please speak more slowly? Could you repeat the sentence? Go and buy some more petrol! Take the dog for a walk!

How to retell the following command and request in indirect speech. “Look at this example,” the teacher said to us. → The teacher told us to look at that example. “Would you like to see my flat?” she asked. → She asked me to see her flat.

观察句子中直接引语与间接引语的转化规律，加以总结。 He said to me, “Please open the window.” → He asked me to open the window. “Be careful with the dog,” she said to me. → She told me to be careful with the dog. 直接引语变间接引语转述祈使句时，通常采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有ask, tell等。

Tom’s father said to him, “Don’t drive too fast.” → Tom’s father told him not to drive too fast. 转述祈使句时，如果祈使句为否定式，在_________________。 不定式前加not

“Come next week,” Bob suggested. → Bob suggested my coming / that I (should) come the following week. “Let me give you a lift home,” David said. → David offered to give me a lift home. 引述表示“建议，提议”的祈使句时，可以采用“suggest + ______________”或“suggest +_________”，也可以采用“offer +不定式” 等结构。 动词-ing形式 that从句

★如果直接引语中的谓语动词是一般现 在时、现在完成时或将来时，变成间 接引语时，时态无需变化。（这一点 同样适用于陈述句和疑问句。） 直接引语与间接引语之间的转换规律繁多，但同学们要记住：语言是活生生的，在平时的学习中要灵活掌握并使用这些规则。

将下列直接引语变为间接引语。 1. “Speak English more often than just in class,” our English teacher said to us. →____________________________________________________________________ _____________. →__________________________________________________________________. Our English teacher suggested that we (should) speak English more often than just in class Our English teacher suggested speaking English more often than just in class

2. “Don’t play with fire, little boy,” his grandfather said. →________________________________ _______________. His grandfather told the little boy not to play with fire

3. Kate said, “Let’s discuss the problem tomorrow.” →__________________________________ ___________. ______________________. Kate suggested discussing the problem the next day Kate suggested that we (should) discuss the problem the next day

4. “Do be quiet, please!” Miss Helen said to the noisy boys. →__________________________________ ___________. Miss Helen demanded the noisy boys to be quiet

5. My sister said, “You’d better tidy your room by yourself.” →_________________________________ ___________. My sister advised me to tidy my room by myself 6. Li Ming said to me, “Will you keep the secret for me?” →_________________________________ ________. Li Ming asked me to keep the secret for him

7. My teacher always said, “What an interesting and challenging job teaching is!” →_______________________________ _______________________________ _____________. My teacher always said what an interesting and challenging job teaching was

8. “Happy weekend to you!” my teacher said to us last Friday. →_________________________________ ___________________. My teacher wished us a happy weekend last Friday

Explanation Can you find the following command and request from Reading? 阅读下面句子，并试着归纳command的意思及用法。

1) Shoot when I give the command. 2) He has twenty men under his command. 3) General Smith is in command of the army. 4) The police arrived and took command of the situation. command可作名词和动词。 ★ 作名词时，可意为“命令，指令”（句1）；也可意为“控制，指挥”，常用于以下结构：under sb.’s command在某人的指挥之下（句2），in command of / take command of控制，指挥（句3、句4）；

5) My father has (a) good command of the French language. command还可意为“掌握”，常用于have (a) good command ___ sth.结构中（句5）。 of

6) The officer commanded his men to fire. 7) The King commanded that roads (should) be built to link villages across the land. ★ command作动词时，意为“吩咐，命令”，常用于以下结构：____________________（句6）；command + that从句（从句谓语用“should +动词原形”，should可以省略）（句7）。　 command sb. to do sth.

根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。 1) Are you refusing to ____ ___ __________ (服从我的命令)? 2) After about an hour, the police were __ ________ __ ___ ________ (控制了形势). 3) The King commanded that ___ ____ ____ ___ ______ (那个人离开该国) at once. 4) He has studied in the US and ___ _ ____ _________ _ _______ (精通英语). obey my command(s) in command of the situation the man leave the country has a good command of English

request n. 要求，请求 make a request for 要求/请求……； at sb.’s request / at the request of sb. 依照某人的要求； on / upon request 一经要求 e.g. They made a request for further help.  Mike was there at the request of his manager / at his manager’s request. Water is served only on / upon request in this restaurant.

request v. 要求，请求 request sth. request sb. to do sth. be requested to do sth. request+ that从句（从句中谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略）。 e.g. Many people have requested this song. May I request you to stop talking? Passengers are requested to take their seats immediately. She requested that we (should) go home right now.

Exercises I. 根据括号内的提示翻译下面句子。 1. 你必须服从船长的命令。 (command) ___________________________________ 2. 他们要求他离开。      (request) ____________________________________ You must obey the captain’s command(s). They requested him to leave.

II. 将下面的直接引语变为间接引语。 1. “Do some shopping for me, please,” Jack said to her. →__________________________________ ___________________________ 2. Jim asked me, “Could you join us for lunch?” Jack asked her to do some shopping for him. Jim asked me to join them for lunch.

3. Tom's father said to him, “Don't drive too fast.” →__________________________________ ___________________________ 4. “Sit down, Susan,” Jane said. Tom’s father told him not to drive too fast. Jane told Susan to sit down.

1. Finish Using Structures on Page 50. 2. Make up a dialogue with your partner. One use direct speech, the other use indirect speech. And act it out next class.