聖經有错吗？ Is Bible True？ 1.年代的问题 地層、恐龍、宇宙、星光… 2.创世记的问题 生物各从其类、方舟的问题…

历史性 当夜耶和华的使者出去，在亚述营中杀了十八万五千人。清早有人起来一看，都是死尸了。（王下19:35） 耶和华就差遣一个使者进入亚述王（西拿基立）营中，把所有大能的勇士和官长、将帅尽都灭了。亚述王满面含羞地回到本国，进了他神的庙中，有他亲生的儿子在那里用刀杀了他。 （历下32:21）

Paradigm Shift 研究傳统、前提、假设 恐龍、岩層、宇宙論年齡… 是研究前提的问题

Paradigm Shift 是 研究傳统 的 問题 如果手裡拿著榔頭看什麼都像釘子。- 艾森豪 雄癞蛤蟆的眼光！ Superman 与我们有何不同？

Paradigm Shift i. 宇宙論-研究傳统之革命 地心说 （Geocentrism） 日心说 （Heliocentrism） 宇宙中心说？（Galactrocentrism）

我很想知道上帝在創造這世界時是否有特別的選擇。 爱因斯坦的天問 我很想知道上帝在創造這世界時是否有特別的選擇。 What really interests me is whether God had any choice in the creation of the world. —Albert Einstein Einstein made this remark to Ernst Straus, his assistant from about 1950–1953 at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton (Holton, G., Einstein’s third paradise, Daedalus, Fall 2003, pp. 26–34; p. 30, www.aip.org/history/einstein/essay-Einsteins-Third-Paradise.pdf, accessed 7 May 2010). [quoted from: Where are we in the universe? by Dr John Hartnett]

宇宙論 的 前提 前提 I: 進化論  哥白尼原则 宇宙無中心，均匀分布 前提II: 聖經: 從地球的角度

宇宙論前提:進化論! The Copernican revolution taught us that it was a mistake to assume, without sufficient reason, that we occupy a privileged position in the Universe. Darwin showed that, in terms of origin, we are not privileged above other species. Our position around an ordinary star in an ordinary galaxy in an ordinary supercluster [the local group of galaxies] continues to look less and less special. The idea that we are not located in a special spatial location has been crucial in cosmology, leading directly to the [big bang theory]. In astronomy the Copernican principle works because, of all the places for intelligent observers to be, there are by definition only a few special places and many nonspecial places, so you are likely to be in a nonspecial place’ [emphasis mine].50 -Gott, J.R. III, Implications of the Copernican principle for our future prospects, Nature 363:315–319, 1993. professor of astrophysical sciences at Princeton University Since the 1990s the term has been used (interchangeably with "the Copernicus method") for J. Richard Gott's Bayesian-inference-based prediction of duration of ongoing events, a generalized version of the Doomsday argument. It is ironic that the name ‘Gott’ is the German word for ‘God’. John Richard Gott III (born 1947 in Louisville, Kentucky) is a professor of astrophysical sciences at Princeton University. He is known for developing and advocating two cosmological theories with the flavor of science fiction: Time travel and the Doomsday argument. Paul Davies's bestseller How to Build a Time Machine credits Gott with the proposal of using cosmic strings to create a time machine.

Figure 9. Cosmologists imagine the big bang theory by means of an analogy to an expanding balloon. The analogy confines the three space dimensions we can see to merely the 3-D surface of the 4-D balloon. The galaxies would be like dust on the surface, spreading apart with the expansion. In this scheme, no galaxy could claim to be the unique centre. The true centre of the expansion would be in the region within the balloon, a region the inhabitants of the surface cannot perceive. [Click image to enlarge.]

聖經：宇宙退化論 天地都要滅沒，你卻要長存；天地都要像衣服漸漸舊了，你要將天地捲起來，像一件外衣，天地就都改變了。惟有你永不改變，你的年數沒有窮盡。 (Heb 1:11-12)

（Redshift quantizations） 红外移量化 （Redshift quantizations） In 1989, Martin R. Croasdale reported finding a quantization of redshifts using a different sample of galaxies in increments of 72 km/s (Δz = 2.4×10−4).[16] In 1990, Bruce Guthrie and William Napier reported finding a "possible periodicity" of the same magnitude for a slightly larger data set limited to bright spiral galaxies and excluding other types[17] In 1992, Guthrie and Napier proposed the observation of a different periodicity in increments of Δz = 1.24×10−4 in a sample of 89 galaxies[18] In 1992, G. Paal, et al. [19] and A. Holba, et al. [20] reanalyzed the redshift data from a fairly large sample of galaxies and concluded that there was an unexplained periodicity of redshifts. In 1994, A. Holba, et al. [21] also reanalyzed the redshift data of quasars and concluded that there was unexplained periodicity of redshifts in this sample, too. In 1997, W. Μ. Napier and B. N. G. Guthrie concluded the same: "So far the redshifts of over 250 galaxies with high-precision HI profiles have been used in the study. In consistently selected sub-samples of the datasets of sufficient precision examined so far, the redshift distribution has been found to be strongly quantized in the galactocentric frame of reference. ... The formal confidence levels associated with these results are extremely high."[22]

Paradigm Shift i. 宇宙論-研究傳统之革命 地心说 （Geocentrism） 日心说 （Heliocentrism） 宇宙中心说？（Galactrocentrism）

星光的问题 圣经:6000 +年 vs. 星光:百亿年 Apparent age 的问题 先有鸡还是先有鸡蛋？ 2. 白洞的观念

聖經记载 ii.恐龍是近代生物吗？ 传说 古籍 古物 … romanticism and mysticism in his concept of encountering Christ. He has (probably unjustly) been accused of teaching Universalism

Ancient Indian rock drawings, like this one of a sauropod dinosaur from White River Canyon, Utah, show that dinosaurs coexisted with man.

豢龙氏考 《春秋·昭公二十九年》《左传》：“蔡墨对魏献子曰：‘昔 叔安，有裔子曰董父，实甚好龙，能求其耆欲以饮食之，龙多归之，乃扰畜龙，以事帝舜，帝赐之姓曰董，氏曰豢龙，封诸鬷川，鬷夷氏其后也。’” 《路史·后纪》卷十一：“当舜之时，人来效献（献也）龙，求能食之。高阳之后，有董父能求其欲，使豢之。赐之氏白豢龙。封于鬷川，于是始有豢龙之官。 《九州要纪》云：“董父好龙，舜遣豢龙于陶丘，为豢龙氏。” 《国名纪》丙卷：“董姓豢龙在滑之韦城。古城内有豢龙井。”又曰：“豢龙井在韦故城内，有古记云‘左右直殳上日汩木下八十一口’。”

iii. 恐龍滅绝 陨石 或 大洪水 ? romanticism and mysticism in his concept of encountering Christ. He has (probably unjustly) been accused of teaching Universalism

大洪水可信吗？ romanticism and mysticism in his concept of encountering Christ. He has (probably unjustly) been accused of teaching Universalism

David B. Kitts, Paleontology and Evolutionary Theory, Evolution 28: 458-472, Sept 1974 Depositional basin -沉积盆地

前提：恐龍滅绝 65,000,000-120,000,000 年前?? 世纪大发现！ 1993-2009 romanticism and mysticism in his concept of encountering Christ. He has (probably unjustly) been accused of teaching Universalism

1990s: M. Schweitzer 暴龍 (T. rex) 未石化的骨头含有红血球。此外，有免疫学和光谱（spectroscopic）证据的血红素（hemoglobin，红血球的携氧蛋白）的存在，它使红血球有它们的颜色。 … evolutionist Mary Schweitzer claimed in the 1990s that an unfossilized piece of T. rex bone contained red blood cells. Further, that there was immunological and spectroscopic evidence of the presence of hemoglobin, the oxygencarrying protein that gives red blood cells their colour. - Schweitzer, M.H. et al., Heme compounds in dinosaur trabecular bone, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 94:6291–6296, June 1997.

暴龍（T.Rex）, 六千五百萬年+

一億兩千萬年禽龍（Iguanodon）的骨頭含有多量的骨钙素蛋白(protein osteocalcin)。 2003: Embery G. et al 一億兩千萬年禽龍（Iguanodon）的骨頭含有多量的骨钙素蛋白(protein osteocalcin)。 - Embery G. et al., Identification of proteinaceous material in the bone of the dinosaur Iguanodon, Connect Tissue Res. 44 (Suppl 1):41–6, 2003; The abstract says: “an early eluting fraction was immunoreactive with an antibody against osteocalcin.”

Iguanodon, 一億兩千萬年+

這麼脆弱複雜的結構怎能存在六千五百萬年+？ 2005: M. Schweitzer 進一步宣布驚人的發現，暴龍骨骼在礦物質溶解後，留下的是柔軟和彈性的軟組織。其中一些似乎是透明的分支血管，並能夠擠出像有核紅血球細胞. 這麼脆弱複雜的結構怎能存在六千五百萬年+？

Cells and connective tissue can be clearly seen.

A:The arrow points to a tissue fragment that is still elastic A:The arrow points to a tissue fragment that is still elastic. It beggars belief that elastic tissue like this could have lasted for 65 million years. B: Another instance of “fresh appearance & rdquo; which similarly makes it hard to believe in the “millions of years”. C: Regions of bone showing where the fibrous structure is still present, compared to most fossil bones which lack this structure. But these bones are claimed to be 65 million years old, yet they manage to retain this structure. A:The arrow points to a tissue fragment that is still elastic. It beggars belief that elastic tissue like this could have lasted for 65 million years. B: Another instance of “fresh appearance” which similarly makes it hard to believe in the “millions of years”. C: Regions of bone showing where the fibrous structure is still present, compared to most fossil bones which lack this structure. But these bones are claimed to be 65 million years old, yet they manage to retain this structure.

2009: M. Schweitzer 超级小心處理，以避免污染，使用了更複雜的和新的质谱仪，以及其他2實驗室的確認。 發現的不只是膠原蛋白（collagen）還有其他兩個蛋白，彈性蛋白和層粘連蛋白（elastin and laminin） 單單從鴨嘴龍化石就發現八種膠原蛋白，比暴龍標本兩倍多種的氨基酸。 鴨嘴龍，暴龍二者的膠原蛋白相比別的生物更接近。與雞和鴕鳥比與鱷魚更近。[注human and frog collagen is 81% similar.] The abstract says: “an early eluting fraction was immunoreactive with an antibody against osteocalcin.”

鸭嘴龍（hadrosaurs）九千萬年+

鴨嘴龍 鴨嘴龍不僅牙齒和骨骼完整，還保存著恐龍生前的完好軟組織，包括皮膚、肌肉以及內臟器官,內部肌肉甚至肌腱都清晰可見，並完好無損；在三維技術支持下，研究人員甚至可以看清恐龍的內臟。

- Schweitzer, M.H. et al., Biomolecular characterization and protein sequences of the Campanian hadrosaur B. canadensis, Science 324(5927):626–631, 1 May 2009 DOI: 10.1126/science.1165069, <www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/324/5927/626?ijkey=47dc1272e069cf51caab0651d4462cbe5045f92c>.

Figure 1. L Figure 1. Left, The flexible branching structures in the T. rex bone were justifiably identified as “blood vessels”. Right, These microscopic structures were able to be squeezed out of some of the blood vessels, and can be seen to “look like cells” in the researchers words. on this occasion was a piece of fossil hadrosaur (duckbilled dinosaur) bone (Brachylophosaurus canadensis) regarded by evolutionary assumptions as being 80 million years old.

Cells and connective tissue can be clearly seen. Dr Mary Schweitzer， May , 2009 Duckbilled dino Cells and connective tissue can be clearly seen.

Hadrosaur tissue and cells Researchers prove DNA decay means we'll never see dinosaurs

Schweitzer, M. and T. Staedter,1997 The Real Jurassic Park, Earth, June pp. 55-57. Schweitzer, Mary H., Mark Marshall, Keith Carron, D. Scott Bohle, Scott C. Busse, Ernst V. Arnold, Darlene Barnard, J. R. Horner, and Jean R. Starkey 1997A Heme compounds in dinosaur Trabecular bone Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 94, pp. 6291-6296, June http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/94/12/6291 Schweitzer, Mary H., Mark Marshall, Darlene Barnard, Scott Bohle, Keith Carron, Ernst V. Arnold, Jean R. Starkey 1997B Blood from a Stone, Dinofest International 101-104 Schweitzer, M.H., Johnson, C., Zocco, T.G., Horner, J.H., Starkey, J.R., 1997C Preservation of biomolecules in cancellous bone of Tyrannosaurus rex, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Volume 17, No. 2, June 19. 349-359 Schweitzer, Mary Higby, John R. Horner 1999 Intrasvascular microstructures in trabecular bone tissues of Tyrannosaurus rex, Annales de Paléontologie Volume 85, Issue 3, July-September , pg.179-192.

http://www. sciencecodex http://www.sciencecodex.com/duckbill_dinosaurs_had_plantpulverizing_teeth_more_advanced_than_horses-99632 duck-billed dinosaurs had an amazing capacity to chew tough and abrasive plants with grinding teeth more complex than those of cows, horses, and other well-known modern grazers. http://www.sciencecodex.com/duckbill_dinosaurs_had_plantpulverizing_teeth_more_advanced_than_horses-99632#Pt11QC55yCmWuJPH.99

複雜脆弱的蛋白質可以在自然界保存一億兩千萬年以上！ 或 這些恐龍骨頭非常年輕！ 你的选择？ 複雜脆弱的蛋白質可以在自然界保存一億兩千萬年以上！ 或 這些恐龍骨頭非常年輕！

iv. 岩层年老吗？ 4,500,000,000 年 ?? romanticism and mysticism in his concept of encountering Christ. He has (probably unjustly) been accused of teaching Universalism

岩层鉴定法 重金属鉴定法 碳十四鉴定法 古生物鉴定法 romanticism and mysticism in his concept of encountering Christ. He has (probably unjustly) been accused of teaching Universalism

the bottom layer formed in 6 hours on 18th May 1980, the middle layer was formed on 12th June 1980 the top layer by mud flow in March 1982, following the eruption of Mt St Helens. How long did these strata take to form? It would be easy to think millions of years. However, the bottom layer formed in 6 hours on 18th May 1980, the middle layer was formed on 12th June 1980 and the top layer by mud flow in March 1982, following the eruption of Mt St Helens.

Colorful Sandstone Swirls in the Wave Formation, Paria Canyon, Utah, Usa   by Dennis Flaherty

,

vi. 方舟的问题 发现了方舟吗？ 方舟装得下这么多动物吗？

中国文字 支持 创世纪

Fixity of Kinds (各從其類) Baraminology vii. 各從其類-没有進化！ Fixity of Kinds (各從其類) Baraminology Preacher Goes To Heaven A minister dies and is waiting in line at the Pearly Gates. Ahead of him is a woman who's dressed in sunglasses, a loud shirt, leatherjacket, and jeans. Saint Peter addresses this woman, whose name is Emily. "Who are you, so that I may know whether or not to admit you to the Kingdom of Heaven?" The woman replies, "I'm Emily, taxi driver, of Noo Yawk City. Saint Peter consults his list. He smiles and says to Emily, "Take this silken robe and golden staff and enter the Kingdom of Heaven, Emily, the taxi driver, goes into Heaven with her robe and staff, and it’s the minister's turn. He stands erect and booms out, "I am Joseph Snow, pastor of Saint Mary's for the last forty- three years."Saint Peter consults his list. He says to the minister, "Take this cotton robe and wooden staff and enter the Kingdom of Heaven." "Just a minute," says the minister. "That woman was a taxi driver and she gets a silken robe and golden staff. How can this be?“ "Up here, we work by results," says Saint Peter. "While you preached, people slept; while she drove, people prayed."

問题 挪亚方舟怎麼装得下那麼多动物？ 為甚麼有那麼多人種？ 方舟里面有没有老虎..？

變異的缘由 環境（用進废退） 基因重组 突變

http://resources. edb. gov http://resources.edb.gov.hk/gifted/ijso/HKIJSO_TrainingManual/Phase3/Biology/Lesson3_MendelainGenetics/PhaseIII_Bio_L3_MendelainGenetics_ppt.pdf

zorse

Liger

结语：聖經有错吗？ Is Bible True？ 1.年代的问题 地層、恐龍、宇宙、星光… 2.创世记的问题 生物各从其类、方舟的问题…

结语

圣经是真的吗？ （The Authority of the Scripture） - 神话 还是 神的话？ II. 西方文明的堕落 - 哲学的缘由

圣经批判（Biblical Criticism） Higher criticism Lower criticism Historical criticism Literary criticism Textual criticism Source criticism Form criticism and tradition history Socio-scientific criticism Redaction criticism Canonical criticism Rhetorical criticism Narrative criticism Psychological criticism Socio-scientific criticism Documentary Hypothesis Postmodernist criticism Feminist exegesis Historical Jesus

西方的堕落 康德 （Kant ，德, 1724 – 1804) 黑格尔 （Hegel ，德,1779-1831) 士来马赫 （ Schleiermacher ，德,1768-1834) 齐克果 （Kierkegaard ，丹麦,1813-1855) 尼采（Nietzsche ， 德, 1844 – 1900) 巴特 （Barth ，瑞士,1886 – 1968)

二十世纪没有什么大思想 实现十九世纪思想的时代。 只是一个 实现十九世纪思想的时代。

哲学  艺术、音乐  文化  神学 欧洲大陆  英国  美国 政治界，传媒，教育界，司法界

“自由”主义征服… 欧洲 1890 美国 1935 - Francis A. Schaeffer

康德 将理性、逻辑的与非理性、非逻辑的分开。认为意义、价值、永恒、神等是不是客观可认知的。 否定哲学的可能性。 否定神学的可能性。

理性主义是人本主义的代名词。 理性主义或人文主义是反对基督教的联合的思想阵线。 人本主义是有限的人完全以人为中心试着理性地建造统一的知识、意义、价值的系统。 基督思想也是理性的但出发点完全是与以人为中心的理性主义完全相反。 后期的理性主义哲学家发觉无法以传统反命题（by antithesis）的方法建立一套的理性系统.放弃了反命题的方法.

理性主义 René Descartes (1596–1650) Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677) Gottfried Leibniz (1646–1716) Immanuel Kant (1724–1804 )

黑格儿的方法论 传统逻辑（by antithesis） 黑格儿逻辑（by synthesis） If a thing is true, the opposite is not true Ture/False; Right/Wrong 黑格儿逻辑（by synthesis）

二十世纪没有什么大思想 实现十九世纪思想的时代。 只是一个 实现十九世纪思想的时代。

今天，方法论同样改变人的思想，不管你在铁幕的那一边。 不在外表的形式，政治或经济、有神或无神，辩证方法论（dialectic methodology）才是我们真正的敌人。- Leopold Sedar Senghor, 大意

巴特：新正统神学 基督复活：非历史性 接受现代主义（科学主义，反对超自然） 接受大部分自由神学 神：伟大、超越、空灵、神秘的神（不知在那里） 圣经：充满错误，神话 耶稣：Wholly ‘Other’, not within history but beyond history 基督复活：非历史性  接受存在主义神学 romanticism and mysticism in his concept of encountering Christ. He has (probably unjustly) been accused of teaching Universalism

离弃 绝对（absolutes）与正反的方法论（antithesis）导致今天现实的相对主义（pragmatic relativism）。

绝对（Absolutes）, 大前提, 可认知价值,目的,意义 永恒,爱,真理… 实用相对主义, 神学与哲学的不 可能性, 真理是 主观的体验, 信心的跳跃…

19 神的事情，人所能知道的，原显明在人心里，因为　神已经给他们显明。 20 自从造天地以来，神的永能和神性是明明可知的，虽是眼不能见，但借着所造之物就可以晓得，叫人无可推诿. –罗 1 预言如同灯 预言如同灯

我们并有先知更确的预言，如同灯照在暗处。你们在这预言上留意，直等到天发亮，晨星在你们心里出现的时候，才是好的。 -2彼 1:19

20 神的应许不论有多少，在基督都是是的。所以借着他也都是实在的（“实在”原文作“阿们”），叫　神因我们得荣耀。 - 2林 1

Schweitzer, M. and T. Staedter,1997 The Real Jurassic Park, Earth, June pp. 55-57. Schweitzer, Mary H., Mark Marshall, Keith Carron, D. Scott Bohle, Scott C. Busse, Ernst V. Arnold, Darlene Barnard, J. R. Horner, and Jean R. Starkey 1997A Heme compounds in dinosaur Trabecular bone Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 94, pp. 6291-6296, June http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/94/12/6291 Schweitzer, Mary H., Mark Marshall, Darlene Barnard, Scott Bohle, Keith Carron, Ernst V. Arnold, Jean R. Starkey 1997B Blood from a Stone, Dinofest International 101-104 Schweitzer, M.H., Johnson, C., Zocco, T.G., Horner, J.H., Starkey, J.R., 1997C Preservation of biomolecules in cancellous bone of Tyrannosaurus rex, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Volume 17, No. 2, June 19. 349-359 Schweitzer, Mary Higby, John R. Horner 1999 Intrasvascular microstructures in trabecular bone tissues of Tyrannosaurus rex, Annales de Paléontologie Volume 85, Issue 3, July-September , pg.179-192.

神坐在地球大圈之上，地上的居民好像蝗虫。他铺张穹苍（space）如幔子，展开诸天如可住的帐棚。(Isa 40:22) 神将北极铺在空中，将大地悬在虚空； (Job 26:7) 因这光地面改变如泥上印印。 (Job 38:14a) It is turned as clay [to] the seal ; (Job 38:14a)