The Past Participle used as Adverbial

The past Participle as Adverbial 过去分词短语作状语，可表示原因、时间、条件、伴随等，分别相当于一个状语从句。与主句主语是被动关系，表示完成或被动的动作。 a) 作伴随(或方式)状语 ① The teacher stood there , surrounded by the students . ② He went into the thick forest, guided by the old man .

b) 作原因状语 Moved by his words, I accepted his present b) 作原因状语 Moved by his words, I accepted his present. c) 作时间状语 Asked if he had any difficulties , he made no answer . Seen from the hill , my hometown looks very beautiful . d) 作条件状语 Given more time , they could do it better. Taken in time,  the medicine will be quite effective.

① (As he was) Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. ②(As he was ) Encouraged by Jim’s words , he continued his research work. ③ ( If / When it is) Seen from the hill , the town looks very beautiful. ④ (If /When we are) Compared with developed countries , we still have a long way to go.

③(Having been) Given such a good chance , he wouldn’t miss it. 强调过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，分词用having been done，也可用done代替。 ① Having been beaten seriously , the enemy retreated . ②Having been written in a hurry , the essay was not worth reading . ③(Having been) Given such a good chance , he wouldn’t miss it.

②Questioned by the policeman , the thief’s legs shook. 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；过去分词动作与句子主语是被动关系。 ① Finished in a hurry , we weren’t satisfied with the essay. ②Questioned by the policeman , the thief’s legs shook. Finished in a hurry , the essay didn’t satisfy us . Questioned by the policeman , the thief was nervous .

1.When he was asked what had happened , he told us about it. Page 30 Ex3: 1.When he was asked what had happened , he told us about it. 2. As he was well known for his expert advice, he received… 3.If we were given more time , we would be able to… 4. Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became…

5. Since/ As she was deeply interested in medicine , she decided to become a doctor. 6. Although / Though he was left alone at home , Sam did not feel afraid at all.

分词的独立主格结构 当动作的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致时，分词可以有自己的独立主语，二者构成独立主格结构。 其构成为：名词或代词的主格 + 分词 其功能为：在句中作状语 其位置为：句首，句中或句末

Our homework done, we went home. （时间） The boy lay on his side, his eyes closed. （伴随） Her glasses broken, she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. （原因） Too much time given, he would do it better.（条件） Time reduced, he finished the work on time. (让步）