第一节 合同英语的词汇特点及翻译要点 第二节 合同英语的句法特点及翻译要点 第三节 商务合同的翻译标准 商务英语翻译 之 合同翻译 1 第一节 合同英语的词汇特点及翻译要点 第二节 合同英语的句法特点及翻译要点 第三节 商务合同的翻译标准
第一节 合同英语的词汇特点 及翻译要点 二、用词正式、准确(formal and accurate) (一)注意介词或介词短语的翻译 14)The participants in the Joint Venture shall commence discussion with regard to the extension of the period of existence of the Venture and in the event of their agreeing upon such extension, they shall record such agreement in a written document signed by all of them not later than three years prior to the expiry of the current period. 就本合资企业的存续时限的延期问题,各方应进行讨论;一旦各方就此达成一致,应形成书面协议,由各方在本合同期限到期之前的三年内签字生效。 2
违约期间,除本合资协议另有明确规定外,各方应在其它所有方面继续履行本合资协议。 15)During the period of breach, the Parties shall in all other respects continue their implementation of this JV Agreement unless otherwise expressly stated in this JV Agreement. 违约期间,除本合资协议另有明确规定外,各方应在其它所有方面继续履行本合资协议。 3
根据《中外合资经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国公司法》和中国正式颁布的其它相关法律和法规,各方特此同意按照本合资协议的规定设立公司。 16)In accordance with the Joint Venture Law, the Company Law and other relevant and officially promulgated PRC laws and regulations, the Parties hereby agree to establish the Company pursuant to the terms of this JV Agreement. 根据《中外合资经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国公司法》和中国正式颁布的其它相关法律和法规,各方特此同意按照本合资协议的规定设立公司。 同under、pursuant to一样,上例中的in accordance with是法律文件中常用的词汇,均作“根据”、“按照”解,比according to正式。 4
二、用词正式、准确(formal and accurate) 第一节 合同英语的词汇特点 及翻译要点 5 二、用词正式、准确(formal and accurate) (二)注意词语并列的现象(juxtaposition) 国际商务合同力求正式而准确,避免可能出现的误解或分歧,所以同义词(近义词)并列的现象十分普遍。有时候是出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑,有时候也属于合同用语的固定模式。 terms在合同中一般指付款或费用(手续费、佣金等有关金钱的)条件 conditions 指其它条件 “terms and conditions” 直接合译成“条款”。
“签订”、“修改”、“各项规定”和“生效” 17)This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B. 18)The amendments to or alteration of this contract become effect only after they are signed by parties hereto and approved by the original approving authorities. 19)If the contract shall duly perform and observe all terms, provisions, conditions and stipulations of the said contract, the otherwise shall remain in full force and effect. “签订”、“修改”、“各项规定”和“生效” 6
any duties, obligations and liabilities any and all any duties, obligations and liabilities applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives, and rules charges, fees, costs and expenses covenants and agreements customs and usages free and clear of import duty and tax keep secret and confidential licenses and permits 全部 所有责任 适用法律法规 各种费用 合同、协议 惯例 无 进口税捐 保密 许可
packing and wrapping expenses rights and interests null and void packing and wrapping expenses rights and interests settle claims and debts ships and vessels sign and issue support and maintenance use and wont 无效 包装费 权益 清理债务 船只 签发 维护 习惯,惯例
第二节 合同英语的句法特点 及翻译要点 一、长句及其翻译 二、条件句及其翻译 9 如果说商务合同的用词具有专业、准确、正式的特点,那么商务合同的句法则有结构严谨、句式较长的特点。句子的状语(从句)和定语(从句)等附加成分很多,且往往位置明显,对主句意义进行解释、限制或补充,一则可以体现这种文体庄严的风格、严谨的结构和清晰的逻辑;二则便于排除被曲解、误解而出现歧义引发争端的可能性,维护双方的合法权益。虽然商务合同英文中的句法特点有很多,比如多用陈述句、多用现在时、多用被动语态、多用名词性结构等等,但本节结合翻译难点,重点探讨长句,尤其是条件从句的特点和翻译方法。 9
第二节 合同英语的句法特点 及翻译要点 一、长句及其翻译 10 一、长句及其翻译 与普通英语相比较而言,商务合同英语中的句子结构就其长度和使用从句的连续性要复杂得多。分析合同长句的基本方法是: (1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干结构; (2)找出句子中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词; (3)再分析从句和短句的功能,即:是否是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等,以及词、短语和从句之间的关系; (4)分析句子中是否有固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
20) Upon any buy-out pursuant to Article 6 20) Upon any buy-out pursuant to Article 6.8, each Party agrees to take (and cause the Company and the Board to take) whatever action may be necessary to consummate such buy-out, including but not limited to obtaining the approval of the relevant examination and approval authority and all other necessary approvals and submitting all necessary reports in connection therewith. 根据第6.8款进行任何收购后,各方同意采取(并促使公司和董事会采取)为完成该等收购所必要的任何行为,包括但不限于获得相关审核批准机关的许可以及其它所有必要许可,并提交相关的所有必要报告。 11
结合汉语的行文习惯(条件在前,结构在后以及定语在所修饰的核心词之前),即可翻译成文。 21)If an Officer engages in any activities that are the same type of business as the Company, or engages in any activities which harm, damage, or cause lost opportunities to the Company, the benefit gained from such activities must be forfeited by and given to the Company. 结合汉语的行文习惯(条件在前,结构在后以及定语在所修饰的核心词之前),即可翻译成文。 如高级管理人员从事任何与公司业务同类的活动,或从事危害、损害公司或致使公司丧失机会的任何活动,其从该等活动中获得的利润应予以没收并交给公司。 12
按照汉语的思维习惯,往往先谈原因,再讲结论,因此采用颠倒顺序的译法更合理。 22)The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment or non delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit. 按照汉语的思维习惯,往往先谈原因,再讲结论,因此采用颠倒顺序的译法更合理。 凡在制造或装船运输过程中,因不可抗力致使卖方不能或推迟交货时,卖方不负责任。 13
如某董事未任命清算委员会成员,董事长应代表该董事任命。 23)If a director fails to appoint a liquidation committee member then the chairperson shall make such appointment on behalf of the director. 如某董事未任命清算委员会成员,董事长应代表该董事任命。 24)In the event of an occurrence set out above, the Parties shall cause their appointed directors to unanimously agree to terminate the Company, and an application to terminate the Company shall be submitted to the relevant examine and approval authority for approval. 若发生上文规定的任何事件时,各方应促成其任命的董事一致同意终止公司,并向相关审批机关递交该申请,以获得其批准。 25)In case the Contract terminates prematurely, the Contract Appendices shall like wise terminate. 如果本合同提前终止,则合同附件也随之终止。 14
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