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中考语法讲解 冠词 陈昭
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冠词 冠词是一种辅助性的词，不可在句中独立担任一个成分。放在名词前，帮助说明 名词的含义，使用极为频繁。 冠词有不定冠词（ a, an ）和定冠词（ the ）两种。 a 和 an 的基本含义是 “ 一，一个 ” ，表示泛指，不强调数目观念，只表示名词不是 特定的； the 的基本含义是 “ 这个，那个 ” ，表示特指，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词 前面都可以用。 冠词本身是虚词，没有意义，同时也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明 名词的含义。
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一、不定冠词 不定冠词用 a 还是 an 由后面一个词的首（不是字母）决定。 以元音的词前用 an ， 以辅音（包括半元音，不是元音字母）开头的词前用 a 。 例如： 辅音字母开头： a tree, a university, a house, a European country, a one-eyed man 元音或半元音开头： an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an elephant, an opera
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不定冠词的用法 ： 1 ．用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物 如： A dictionary is a useful book. An underground train can start and stop quickly. 2 ．说明某人或某东西属于哪一类 如： This is a book. He used to be an engineer. 3 ．泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物 如： A boy is waiting for me. Give me a pen, please. 4 ．表示数量，有 “ 一 ” 的意思， 如： Behind the house there is a garden. once a week. 5 ．用于某些固定词组中 如： a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have (take) a walk, have a toothache, take a bath, give a lesson
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定冠词的用法： 1 ．指彼此都知道的人或事物 如： Open the door, please. Go and close the window. 2 ．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 如： The girl in red is my sister. The man over there is our English teacher. The book on the desk is mine. 3 、指前面提到过的人或事物 如： Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works in the factory. 4 ．用在序数词和形容词最高级前, 在方位词前。 如： The Nile is the longest river in the world. He won the first prize. The sun rises in the east.
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不用冠词的情况： 1 ．在不含普通名词或只有一个普通名词专有名词前 如： China, Beihai Park 2 ．名词前面已有用作定语的 this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词前 如： The letter is from my father. I have a book in my hand. 3 ．在复数名词表示一类人或事物时 如： Horses are useful animals. I like cakes. 4 ．在节日名称，（称呼语和表示官衔的名词前）星期、月份、季节前 如： Today is Sunday. Spring is the best season in the year. Children’s Day 5 ．在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中 如： go to school, be in hospital, be in prison 6 ．一天三餐，球类运动的名称前（乐器前面要加 the) 如： I like to play basketball. We have lunch at school.
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注意： 在 school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, class, table, bed 等表示机构名称、组织名称和家具的名词前，用定冠词和用不定冠词意义有差异。 用定冠词强调处所，而不用定冠词意义有所引申。 比较： at table 就餐 at the table 坐在桌边 go to school 去上学 go to the school 去这个学校 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在这家医院 go to prison （违法而）进监狱 go to the prison 到监狱 go to church 做礼拜 go to the church 到教堂 in class 在课堂上 in the class 在班级里
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1. This is ______ story-book. It was written by Yang Hongying. A.the B. a C. an 【答案】 B 考查冠词用法 a 用在以辅音指音标发辅音开头的词前 an 用在以元音指元音音标的词前。 the 表示特指。 本题意思是这是一本故事书。它是有杨洪基写的。 story 是以辅音音素开头故选 B 。 2. —Who’s that girl? —You mean ______ one with long blond hair? That's Jack’s daughter. A.a B. an C. the D. 不填 【答案】 C 考查冠词的用法 the 表示特指指代 ― 留着长发的那个女孩‖。 3. —Be careful ! There is _____dog lying on the ground. —Thanks a lot. A.a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】 A 此题考察冠词定冠词 the 用在名词前表特指 不定冠词用在名词前表一类 a 用于辅音音素开头的词前 an 用于元音音素开头的词前。 根据句意小心点有一只狗正躺在地上。非常感谢。 此处表示泛指 dog 的第一个因素是辅音故选 A 。 4. Victor can play ______ piano. He can join the music club. A.a B. an C. the 【答案】 C 考查冠词用法 a,an 同上 the 表示特指或者一些固定用法 比如用在乐器的前面世界上独一无二的东西如太阳、月亮等 the 比较特殊需要特别记忆
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5. There is no living thing on __________moon 。 A.the B. a C. 不填 【答案】 A 考查冠词的用法世界上独一无二的事物前需要加定冠词 the, 如 the sun, the earth 等。此处句意为月球上没有生命。故选 A 。 6. ______ Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day. A. / B. A C. An D. The 【答案】 D 考查冠词的用法, 此处 the Greens 表示格林一家。 7. -----What ___________bad weather it is today! -------Yes, _____________ weather makes me so sad. A.a; a B. /; the C. an; the D. the; a 【答案】 B 考查冠词的用法第一空不填因为 weather 不可数, 第二空格填 the, 特指是 weather 让我 sad. 8. _____ girl who will perform at the party tomorrow comes from ____ European country. A.The a B. A the C. The an 【答案】 A 考查冠词的用法 the girl 特指 European 发音音标开头是辅音前面用 a. 9._______new bridge has been built over ______ Changjiang River in Huangshi. A.The; a B.A; the C.A; \ D. An; the 【答案】 B 考查冠词的用法长江是特定的名词用 the 特指 new 音标以辅音开头用 a 并大写。
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10. –People can’t live without _________________ water. ---Yes, I think so. a B. an C. the D. 不填 【答案】 D 考查冠词的用法 water 是普遍名词。 11.—Is Mr. Franco Hollande_____ honest and capable man? —Yes. And that is why he was chosen ______ president of France. A. a ; a B. an ; \ C. the ; the D. a ; \ 【答案】 B 教考查冠词的用法 honest 音标发音开头是元音 chose president 是惯用搭配。 12. I often have egg and a glass of milk for breakfast every day. A.an; / B. a; / C. an; the D. a; the 【答案】 A 考查冠词的用法 an egg, 早餐是普遍名词不需冠词修饰 除非特定指代某天的早餐需要用 the
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1 ． There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall. 2 ． This is _______ useful book ． I‘ve read it for _______ hour ． 3 ． _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse ． 4 ． _______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day ． 5 ． Let‘s go out for _______ walk ． 6 ． It’s too hot ． Open _______ door ， please ． 7 ． There is _______ woman over there ． _______ woman is Meitei's mother ． 8 ． _______ sun rises in _______ east ． 9 ． _______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China ． 10 ． Are you going to do it _______ second time ？ 11 ． Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA ． 12 ． _______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street ． 13 ． He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995 ．
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14 ． _______ old man is _______ teacher ． He likes playing _______ basketball after _______ supper ． 15 ． After I had _______ quick breakfast ， I hurried to school ． 16 ． Are _____ sheep kept by _____ farmers for producing _____ wool and _____ meat ？ 17 ． They went to _______ People‘s Park ， but we both went to _______ People’s Cinema yesterday ． 18 ． I often watch _______ TV in _______ evening ． 19 ． _______ day of _______ December 20 ， 1999 is Monday ． 20 ． Tomorrow is _______ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _______ Christmas tree today ． 21 ． I think _______ maths is more important than any other subject ． 22 ． He often goes to _______ school by _______ bike ． 23 ． What does this _______ word mean ， _______ Father ？ 24 ． What _______ important news ！
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