Translation of Understatements

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1 Translation of Understatements
第十一章 隐喻的翻译 Translation of Understatements

2 第十一章重点 第十一章 隐喻的翻译 11.1 派生意义 11.2 形象意义 11.3 联想意义 11.4 内涵寓意
第十一章 隐喻的翻译 11.1 派生意义 11.2 形象意义 11.3 联想意义 11.4 内涵寓意 第十一章综合练习及参考译文 课堂互动1 课堂互动2 课堂互动3 课堂互动4 综合练习 --end

3 Translation of Understatements
第十一章 隐喻的翻译 Translation of Understatements 隐喻是一种比喻的说法，是不把要说的意思明着说出来，而是借用别的话来表示的一种语言表达形式。

4 隐喻是非同类事物之间的比较，是对词语的修饰或者美化，具有丰富语言表达、增强修辞效果、褒扬亲近和贬责攻击等功能。

5 隐喻翻译给译者以多种选择方式：要么传递其意义，要么重塑其形象，要么对其意义进行修改，要么对其意义和形象进行完美的结合，而这一切又与语境因素、文化因素、文本因素密不可分。这便是隐喻翻译复杂多变的特性和翻译规律。

6 隐喻翻译的几个方面: ● 派生意义 ● 形象意义 ● 联想意义 ● 内涵寓意
隐喻翻译，有时可采用直译、意译相结合的方法以弥补“直译难达意、意译难传神”的不足。直译后再加上隐喻的真实含义，“以期收到画龙点睛的效果”。 隐喻翻译的几个方面: ● 派生意义 ● 形象意义 ● 联想意义 ● 内涵寓意 小节结束

7 11. 1 派生意义 (Derivative Meaning)
派生指从一个主要事物的发展中分化出来，如派生词在语言学中指往词根上添加词缀以构成新词。词根是派生词的基础，在同一词根上缀加不同的词缀，表示不同的意思和各种不同的词类。

8 派生意义是词在语言发展过程中分化形成并保存下来的意义。词的派生意义是指在词的基本意义上产生出现的新的意义。词在原始词义的基础上，由于自由而广泛的运用，并受社会文化特征、使用范围、背景、语言环境等的影响而产生的新的意义。

9 例1：I’d just done my stint as rubber duck, see, and pulled off the grandma lane into the pitstop to drain the radiator. (Baker: 2000) 【译文】你可知道，打头阵可不好受，一泡尿胀得要命，我开出慢车道来到服务站，总算卸掉了包袱。

10 例 2：I was scared of leaving the protective bubble of this place for places unknown, during uncertain economic times. And I was scared of squandering the incredible gift of my Stanford experience on pursuits that weren’t commensurate with expectations I, and others, had of me. I was scared of not doing it all, of making irrevocable mistakes. 【译文】校园是一层保护膜，离开它去未知的陌生之地，又是在这经济不稳定时期，我感到害怕。斯坦福这些年给了我难以估量的宝贵积累，我怕浪费在与自己和别人的期望都不相称的工作上。我还害怕自己并非多才多艺，也害怕犯无可挽回的错误。

11 例 3：No operation is more fearsome to the layman than brain surgery, the invasion by cold steel of man’s citadel of reason and emotion, his very “self”. This book, which is entirely factual (only names and places have been disguised), describes one exploration into this complex and mysterious world. 【译文】对于一个外行人来说，没有比动脑部手术更令人胆颤心惊。一把冰凉的钢刀直插入人类理智与感情的城堡，捅进了人类的“禁区”！该书讲述的完全是真人真事（只把姓名和地址作了更改），记录了人们向这个错综复杂，神奇奥秘的世界所作的一次探索。 小节结束

12 例 1：Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter.
补充例句 例 1：Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter. 【译文】里根上台时在做法上跟执政初期的卡特毫无两样。

13 补充例句 例 2：Copses, dells, quarries and all hidden places, which had been mysterious mines for exploration in leafy summer, now exposed themselves and their secrets pathetically, and seemed to ask him to overlook their shabby poverty for a while, till they could riot in rich masquerade as before, and trick and entice him with the old deceptions. (Grahame: The Wind in the Willows) 【译文】灌木树丛，小山谷，采石坑以及一切隐秘的地方，在植物繁茂的夏天里还是需要探测的“秘密矿藏”，而此刻却可怜巴巴地裸露着，似乎要让他看一看这里的贫脊荒芜，不久它们又会如同从前一样披上这繁茂的面具，用老掉牙的把戏来欺骗他。 小节结束

14 1．It seems to me what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.
课堂互动1： 翻译句子， 注意派生意义（参考译文） 1．It seems to me what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. 【译文】我认为应该一视同仁。 2．His resort was delivered with a strong note of vinegar. 【译文】他用非常不快的口气予以反驳。

15 3．And I suppose she’ll tell all the boys, the old cat.
课堂互动1： 翻译句子， 注意派生意义（参考译文） 3．And I suppose she’ll tell all the boys, the old cat. 【译文】我猜想她会告诉所有的男人，这个长舌老恶婆！ 4．It was to be a very thorough attack, thus looks and undertones were to be well tried. 【译文】这完全是一次进攻战，什么眉眼功夫呀，柔腔细调都要用上。

16 课堂互动1： 翻译句子， 注意派生意义（参考译文）
【译文】卡特总统的国家安全事务助理布热津斯基最近就美国的外交政策撰写了一本书，堪称是9·11以来最主要的一本。在从事实际外交活动的人中写作态度严肃，能撰写美国外交政策的人还为数不多。在他们中间，若论历史知识和想象力，只有亨利· 基辛格可与布热津斯基相比； 5．Brzezinski, national security adviser to President Jimmy Carter, has written one of the most important books on U.S. foreign policy since September 11. Among the handful of practitioners who write seriously and often about U.S. foreign policy, only Henry Kissinger (another import) can compare with Brzezinski in terms of historical knowledge and imagination.

17 课堂互动1： 翻译句子， 注意派生意义（参考译文）
When it comes to what might be called to “philosophy” of foreign policy—the relationship of U.S. power and policy to broader historical and cultural trends—no statesman of Brzezinski’s generation is in his league. And no Democrat of any age can match Brzezinski’s grasp of the national interest and its sometimes difficult relationship to the values of liberal society. 【续】若谈外交政策“哲学”，也就是美国强国和及其外交与更宏观的历史、文化潮流的关系，布热津斯基那一代人政治家中还没有一个能和他相提并论。至于说对国家利益以及国家利益与自由社会价值观之间时而出现的矛盾的掌握，也没有任何时代的民主党人能像布热津斯基那样了解掌握得如此清楚。 小节结束

18 11. 2 形象意义 (Figurative Meaning)
形象是指客观物质存在的具体形态。物质是一切形象的共同本质，形象是物质的具体存在形态。 形象不只是日常生活中所指的视觉形象，还应包括物质形象的各个方面：

19 ● 自然物质形象——这是第一性的形象，指形象在空间的内部层次结构、发出的音响、散发的气味及其温度、硬度等。
● 思维活动创造的形象——这是第二性的形象，即人经过有意识的思维活动并经过重新加工组合形象，能动地反映自然物质形象，是人的精神意识和自然物质形象的统一。

20 形象意义指词的附加色彩之一，词义含有的关于被反映对象的形象感。通过一种事物来比喻另一种事物，将真实的“面孔”隐藏起来，把许多抽象的概念用具体或者熟悉的形象表达出来。

21 例 1：All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.
(Shakespeare: As You Like It) 【译文】世界是舞台， 人人是演员。

22 例 2：Though Cabe could see immediately that she was unusually beautiful, a rare flower on the cusp of blooming. 【译文】尽管如此，卡布还是看到了她那非同寻常的美丽，一枝含苞待放的、珍奇花朵。

23 例 3：The only completely stationary object in the room was an enormous couch on which two young women were buoyed up as though upon an anchored balloon. They were both in white, and their dresses were rippling and fluttering as if they had just been blown back in after a short flight around the house. 【译文】屋内惟一完全静止的东西便是一张庞大的长沙发椅，上面坐有两位少妇，活像浮在一个停泊在地面的大气球上。俩人都身穿白衣，衣裙在风中飘荡，好像乘气球绕着房子飞了一圈刚被风吹回来似的。

24 【续】我准是站了好一会儿，听窗帘刮动的劈啪声和墙上一幅挂像嘎吱嘎吱的响声。忽然砰的一声，汤姆布坎农关上了后面的落地长窗，屋内余风这才渐渐平息，窗帘、地毯和两位少妇也都慢慢地降落在地。
I must have stood for a few moments listening to the whip and snap of the curtains and the groan of a picture on the wall. Then there was a boom as Tom Buchhanan shut the rear windows and the caught wind died out about the room, and the curtains and the rugs and the two young women ballooned slowly to the floor. (F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby) 小节结束

25 补充例句 例 1： The royalties from his books and short stories still literally flowed in from all over the world. 【译文】他的书和短篇小说的版税还是像水一般源源不断地从全世界流来。 例 2：There is a tide in the affairs of men which taken at the flood, leads on to fortune. (William Shakespeare: The Life and Death of Julius Caesar) 【译文】世事如潮水，一切都听天由命。

26 补充例句 例 3：Pulling out all the annuals which nature has allowed to erupt in over-powering purple，orange and pink, a final cry of joy. That would almost be murder. 【译文】把一年生植物强行拔起，掐死造化恩赐的紫绛、桔黄和浅红这一片烂漫，阻断自然界的最后欢声，简直无异于谋杀。（陆谷孙译） 小节结束

27 1．The floor looked like glass under the feet of the dancers.
课堂互动2： 翻译下列句子， 注意形象意义（参考译文） 1．The floor looked like glass under the feet of the dancers. 【译文】跳舞的人脚下的地板看来好像光溜溜的玻璃。 2．… while we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it. 【译文】尽管不能填平我们之间的鸿沟，却可以设法搭一座桥，以便跨过这座桥来双方进行会谈。

28 课堂互动2： 翻译下列句子， 注意形象意义（参考译文）
3．The great streets were wall-lined mysteries to her; the vast offices, strange mazes which concerned far-off individuals of importance. She could only think of people connected with them as counting money, dressing magnificently, and riding in carriages. 【译文】在她看来，大街便是两边立着高墙的神秘地方。高大的写字楼是和可望而不可及的大人物有关的奇异迷宫。她觉得这里的人们只想着赚钱，穿华贵的衣服，坐着马车进出往来。

29 课堂互动2： 翻译下列句子， 注意形象意义（参考译文）
4．Paring down China’s top-heavy government is key to speeding the reform of state enterprises. Zhu plans to hive off companies that were under the thumb of ministries. He also wants to reduce the conflicts of interest facing ministries that are both regulators and competitors. (Joyce Barnathan & Dexter Roberts) 【译文】大量削减人员臃肿的政府机构是加速中国国有企业改革的关键。朱镕基计划把一些隶属部委的公司分离出来，他也想减少各部委既是管理者又是竞争者所面临的利益冲突。

30 课堂互动2： 翻译下列句子， 注意形象意义（参考译文）
【译文】人一生下来本是自由的，可处处受到约束。那种自以为给别人当主子的人，反倒比别人更为奴才。为何这样？我不知道。怎样才能使它合法？我想我能够解决这个问题。 5. Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains. One thinks himself the master of others, and still remains a greater slave than them. How did this change come about? I do not know. What can make it legitimate? That question I think I can answer.

31 课堂互动2： 翻译下列句子， 注意形象意义（参考译文）
The strongest is never strong enough to be always the master, unless he transforms strength into right, and obedience into duty. Hence the right of the strongest, which, though to all seeming meant ironically, is really laid down as a fundamental principle. 【续】强者也绝不会强到可以永远当主子，除非他使自己的专横变为权利，使屈服变为义务，即所谓强者的权利；这种权利表面上看来有点挖苦讥讽，实际上却实实在在地被当作原则而确立了。

32 课堂互动2： 翻译下列句子， 注意形象意义（参考译文）
But are we never to have an explanation of this phrase? Force is a physical power, and I fail to see what moral effect it can have. To yield to force is an act of necessity, not of will— at the most, an act of prudence. In what sense can it be a duty? 【续】可是难道永远不会有人向我们说清这个名词不成？暴力是一种肉体上的力量：我可不明白使用暴力可以产生出什么道义上的东西。向暴力屈服实属迫不得已，决非心甘情愿；如此这般充其量也只是出于长远考虑。在什么意义之下，屈服居然能够是一种义务？

33 课堂互动2： 翻译下列句子， 注意形象意义（参考译文）
Obey the powers that be. If this means yield to force, it is a good precept, but superfluous: I can answer for its never being violated. All power comes from God, I admit; but so does all sickness: does that mean that we are forbidden to call in the doctor? 【续】你要服从权力。如果这话的意思是说，你要向暴力屈服，那么这条诫令虽好，然而是多余的；我保证决不会有人违犯它。一切权力都来自上帝，这我承认；可是所有疾病也都是来自上帝：这是不是说就不许请医生？

34 课堂互动2： 翻译下列句子， 注意形象意义（参考译文）
A brigand surprises me at the edge of a wood: must I not merely surrender my purse on compulsion; but, even if I could withhold it, am I in conscience bound to give it up? For certainly the pistol he hold is also a power. ( Jean-Jacques Rousseau: The Social Contract ) 【续】要是有个强盗在树林角落截住了我，是不是迫于暴力不仅应当交出钱包，但可以不交，凭良心我也有义务把它交出去？因为他手里拿的手枪毕竟也是一种权力。 小节结束

35 11. 3 联想意义 (Associative Meaning)
联想指由一人、一物或一概念而想起别的人、别的事物或概念。联想是信息在大脑中的一种加工方式和规律，即由当前的事物所放射的信息，刺激大脑神经网络中的信息组织样式时所产生的一种暂时的神经联系。 联想分简单联想和复杂联想。简单联想包括接近联想、类似联想、对比联想；复杂联想又称关系联想，包括因果、种属。

36 原语文化以一种事物作比喻，译者可考虑用意义联想的方法，在译语文化中用另一事物作比喻，保留这种语用文化涵义。
意义联想包括内涵意义、社会意义、情感意义、搭配意义。译者通过联想，在头脑中建立词与词、词与物、物与物以及音、形、义之间的相互的暂时联系，把隐喻中所隐含的语用、文化涵义、尽可能地在译文中保留下来。

37 例1：The weather smiled on us.
【译文】天气很好。

38 例2：Of me, my mother would say, with characteristic restraint, “this bandit. He doesn’t even have to open a book —‘A’ in everything. Albert Einstein the second.” 【译文】妈妈总是以特有的矜持说我，“这个小鬼头，连书本都不打开，——就门门功课都能得个优秀，活脱脱一个爱因斯坦。”

39 I wander’d lonely as a cloud
例3： The Daffodils (William Wordsworth) I wander’d lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’ver vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. 【参考译文】 水仙 （威廉 · 华兹华斯） 独自漫游似浮云， 青山翠谷上飘荡； 一刹那瞥见一丛丛、 一簇簇水仙金黄； 树荫下，明湖边， 和风吹拂舞翩跹。

40 Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way,
【续】 Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way, They stretch’d in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay; Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. 仿佛群星璀璨， 沿银河闪霎晶莹； 一湾碧波边缘， 绵延，望不尽； 只见万千无穷， 随风偃仰舞兴浓。

41 The waves beside them danced, but they
【续】 The waves beside them danced, but they Outdid the sparkling waves in glee; A poet could not but be gay In such a jocund company! I gazed—and gazed—but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought; 花边波光潋滟， 怎比得繁花似锦； 面对如此良伴， 诗人怎不欢欣！ 凝视，凝视，流连不止； 殊不知引起悠悠情思：

42 For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood,
【续】 For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. 兀自倚榻憩息， 岑寂，幽然冥想； 蓦地花影闪心扉， 独处方能神往； 衷心喜悦洋溢，。 伴水仙，舞不息。 （孙 梁译） 小节结束

43 例1：Dawn was beginning to prowl about the sky and put out the stars．
补充例句 例1：Dawn was beginning to prowl about the sky and put out the stars． 【译文】黎明悄然来临，星星暗淡无光。

44 补充例句 例2：All the time the creeping fear that he would never come back to her grew strong within her. 【译文】 那种一直令她毛骨悚然的恐惧愈来愈强烈——她感到他将永远离她而去。

45 补充例句 例 3：Cordell Hull, in the age of print, observed that a lie goes half way around the world before truth has time to get its trousers on. With television today, truth never catches up with half truth.（Mortimer B. Zuckerman） 【译文】考岱尔 · 赫尔曾经指出，在印刷时代，真相还来不及穿上裤子，谎言就已经走遍了半个世界。在电视普及的今天，真相更难闭户守身。 小节结束

46 课堂互动3： 翻译下列句子， 注意联想意义（参考译文）
Among sailors, it is known as “the Graveyard of the Atlantic” because of the strange weather found there. 【译文】由于这里的天气异常，水手当中传说它是“大西洋中的墓地”。

47 课堂互动3： 翻译下列句子， 注意联想意义（参考译文）
2．Stranger yet are the numerous “ghost” ships that have been found floating crewless within the triangle. 【译文】更奇怪的是，在三角区域内发现有无数“鬼船”漂浮，船上却杳无人迹。

48 课堂互动3： 翻译下列句子， 注意联想意义（参考译文）
3．My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty. 【译文】我外祖父固然是在风华正茂之年就离世了，当时他只有67岁，可我的祖父、祖母和外祖母却都活到了80多岁。

49 课堂互动3： 翻译下列句子， 注意联想意义（参考译文）
4．My rest might have been blissful enough, only a sad heart broke it. It plained of its gaping wounds, its inward bleeding, its riven chords. It trembled for Mr. Rochester and his doom; it bemoaned him with bitter pity; it demanded him with ceaseless longing; and, impotent as a bird with both wings broken, it still quivered its shattered pinions in vain attempts to seek him. 【译文】 我本来可以休息得十分安详自在，只是一颗悲伤的心把它给搅了。由于受到了严重的创伤，我的心在哀诉。我的心为罗切斯特先生，为他的厄运颤抖；怀着强烈的怜悯为他悲叹；怀着无休无止的渴望要求知道他的情况。我的心，好像折断了双翅的小鸟，已经无能为力，但还在拍打着残翅，为了寻找他去作徒劳的尝试。

50 课堂互动3： 翻译下列句子， 注意联想意义（参考译文）
5．The urgency is everywhere. Grass blankets the earth, reaching for the sun, spreads its roots, flowers and comes to seed. The forest widens its canopy, strengthens its boles, nurtures its seedlings, ripens its perpetuating nuts. 【译文】到处都是只争朝夕的气氛。绿草如茵铺满了大地，朝着太阳生长，它四处植根，开花结子。林木扩展其华盖，强固其主干，给树苗输送养分并使长了许久的坚果成熟。

51 课堂互动3： 翻译下列句子， 注意联想意义（参考译文）
The birds nest and hatch their fledglings. The beetle and the bee are busy at the grassroot and the blossom, and the butter­fly lays eggs that will hatch and crawl and eat and pupate and take to the air once more. Fish spawn and meadow voles harvest the wild meadows, and owls and foxes feed their young. Dragonflies and swallows and nighthawks seine the air where the minute winged creatures flit out their minute life spans. 【续】鸟雀营巢并孵化小鸟。甲虫奔忙于草根，蜜蜂飞逐于花丛。蝴蝶则在产卵，将来孵出的小虫从爬行、吃食、化蛹到振翅飞翔再经历一次循环。鱼也在产卵，田鼠则在荒野草原上采集食物。猫头鹰和狐狸给幼仔喂食。蜻蜓、燕子和夜鹰在空中像围网似地捕食，而极小的有翼动物在空中飞呀飞的便结束了短暂的生命。 小节结束

52 11. 4 内涵寓意 (Sub-text Meaning)
寓意指不在字面而在字里行间寄托或隐含的意义。透过表面的语言现象去挖掘深层次的内容，透视文化，加深理解； 还要了解原隐喻的文化背景、历史传统、宗教信仰，既要使译文达意确切，好要再现原文的风格与韵味，恰如其分地再现寓意； 切忌将寓于字面背后的含义在译文的表面坦露无遗，而应当想方设法采用与原作同样含而不露的方式再现原文所暗示的文化心理内涵。

53 例1：You want your pound of flesh, don’t you?
【译文】你要逼债是吗？

54 例2：This single stick, which you now behold ingloriously lying in that neglected corner, I once knew in a flourishing state in a forest. It was full of sap, full of leaves, and full of boughs. 【译文】你可见在壁角里的这束孤零零、羞怯怯的扫把吧，昔日在森林里也曾有过多汁嫩绿、枝繁叶茂、欣欣向荣的日子。

55 例 3：O. K. fellas, this is it. D-Day
例 3：O. K. fellas, this is it! D-Day! Let’s get out there and blitz the competition. Give’em hell! Now we’ve planned our strategy down to the last T. No Maginot Line here! And oh, we want no Quislings on our team. The last thing we want in this outfit is a Fifth Column. 【译文】好吧，伙计们，情况就是这样！该大干一场了！大家要携起手来，争取竞争，快速取胜！决策既然定好就得毫无条件地贯彻落实，决不要一味地防守！噢，对了! 我们可不希望队伍中出现变节分子，我们最不希望出现家贼。

56 On the other hand, give yourselves room to maneuver
On the other hand, give yourselves room to maneuver. Don’t get into any Catch-22 situation. Promise them anything: a New Deal, a Fair Deal, a Square Deal. Make the first sale and the rest will follow like the domino effect. The bottom line is sell, sell, sell! 【续】 还有，你们要善于心计，切勿陷入尴尬的境地！向客户做出一切承诺：新型交易，公平交易，公正交易。只要做成第一笔买卖，跟着就会生意兴隆，财源滚滚。总之，我们的最终目标就是卖、卖、卖！ 小节结束

57 补充例句 例1：Many took to gambling and got in over their heads, borrowing from Shylocks to pay their debts. ( Time) 【译文】那些债台高筑的赌徒们不得不借高利贷还钱。

58 补充例句 例2：It was another one of those catch-22 situations, you’re damned if you do and you’re damned if you don’t. 【译文】这又是一个左右为难的尴尬局面，干也倒霉，不干也倒霉！

59 补充例句 例3： There is a Chinese maxim that says: The best plan for one year is to cultivate grain, that for ten years is to cultivate trees, and that for a hundred years is to cultivate people. Once cultivated, grain may bring about a crop within the year, trees may bring about benefits lasting scores of years. People may bring about benefits lasting for a hundred years. 【译文】中国有句格言：一年树谷，十年树木，百年树人。种下庄稼，一年就有收获，树木也可以带来几十年的收益，而人才的培养却有着百年的效益。

60 补充例句 As educators, we grow people. Thus the next three days offer great opportunities to examine qualities of education that could impact lives for the next one hundred years. This is a great responsibility and we must accept it with passion, enthusiasm and commitment to excellence. (Michael Wolfe: Address on Education) 【续】 我们是培养人才的教育工作者，今后三天为我们研讨将在未来100年里影响人们生活的教育质量提供了大好的机遇。我们应当积极热情、担负起重任，一定做出优异的成绩。 小节结束

61 课堂互动4： 翻译下列句子， 注意内涵寓意（参考译文）
1． Never tiring, never yielding, never finishing, we renew that purpose today, to make our country more just and generous, to affirm the dignity of our lives and every life. This work continues. This story goes on. And angel still rides in the whirlwind and directs this storm. (President Bush’s Inaugural Address) 【译文】永不疲惫、永不气馁、永不完结的信念，使我们今天重树这样的目标：我们的国家要变得更加公正、更加慷慨，去体现我们每个人和所有人生命的尊严。 这项工作要继续下去。这段历史也要延续下去。上帝的使者会在暴风雨的风浪中指引我们前行的。

62 课堂互动4： 翻译下列句子， 注意内涵寓意（参考译文）
2．Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. 【译文】100年前，美国的一位伟人，签署了《解放宣言》；今天，我们就站在他的纪念像前面。对成千上万在水深火热中挣扎、饱受屈辱的黑奴来说，这庄严的法令，是他们伟大的希望之灯塔，是他们凌受奴役的长夜终于破晓的欢乐之曙光。

63 课堂互动4： 翻译下列句子， 注意内涵寓意（参考译文）
3.The Choice shows these talents hard at work. Brezinski takes readers on a tour d’horizon of U.S. foreign policy, discusses the inevitable contradictions and tensions that enmesh a democratic society that is also a global hegemony, criticizes the Bush administration, and articulates his own vision of the way forward — all in a little over 200 pages. 【译文】《选择》一书让读者看到了作者的卓越才智。布热津斯基高屋建瓴，带领读者巡视美国外交政策的历程，他讨论一个民主社会成为全球霸权后不可避免的矛盾与冲突，他批评布什政府并指出前进的方向，而所有这一切全包括在这本200多页的书中。

64 课堂互动4： 翻译下列句子， 注意内涵寓意（参考译文）
Even those who do not accept Brzezinski’s critique of the Bush administration will admire the sagacity of his views; for Democrats attempting to assemble a serious and thoughtful alternative to Bush’s foreign policy, The Choice is indispensable. 【续】 即便你对他批评布什政府的观点 不敢苟同，却还是会赞叹他的远见卓识。民主党人若试图要整合出一套严肃缜密的外交政策与布什较量，那么他们就该读读《选择》这本书。

65 课堂互动4： 翻译下列句子， 注意内涵寓意（参考译文）
4． Arabesque There in the mist, enormous, majestic, silent, and terrible, stood the Great Wall of China. Solitarily, with the indifference of nature herself, it crept up the mountain side and slipped down to the depth of the valley. Menacingly, the grim watch towers, stark and foursquare, at due intervals stood at their posts. 【译文】长城——一幅阿拉伯花饰图案 长城在迷蒙中赫然呈现，巨大雄壮，沉默威严。它是孤独的，爬高山下深谷，像大自然那样与世无涉，踽踽独行。它是森严的，每隔相当距离就挺立着一座瞭望塔，冷峻强固，严阵以待。

66 课堂互动4： 翻译下列句子， 注意内涵寓意（参考译文）
Ruthlessly, for it was built at the cost of a million lives and each one of those great grey stones has been stained with the bloody tears of the captive and the outcast, it forged its dark way through a sea of rugged mountains. 【续】它是冷酷无情的，牺牲百万人的生命才建成，每块灰色大砖石都沾满了离乡背井犹如囚徒的苦工血泪；它坚忍不拔地穿越崇山峻岭，跋涉于未知之途。

67 课堂互动4： 翻译下列句子， 注意内涵寓意（参考译文）
Fearlessly, it went on its endless journey, league upon league to the furthermost regions of Asia, in utter solitude, mysterious like the great empire it guarded. There in the mist, enormous, majestic, silent, and terrible, stood the Great Wall of China. （W. S. Maugham:Arabesque） 【续】它也是无所畏惧的，无尽征途一程一程走下去，奔向亚洲最遥远的地方，茕茕孑立，神秘莫测，犹如它捍卫的大帝国。迷蒙中的长城正是那么巨大，那么雄壮，那么沉默，那么威严。（陈文伯译）

68 隐喻的翻译是一个复杂的认知过程，表现在隐喻意义的演变，原语的认知方式与目标语编码的冲突与协调。返回到语表的层面来看，如果完全复制原语的隐喻形象，译文语言就会显得艰涩难懂，如果完全换用译语的隐喻形象，那么原语的文化色彩就会尽失。 小节结束

69 第十一章综合练习及参考译文 翻译短文，注意隐喻的处理
A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. 【译文】看一个人读些什么书，同些什么人交往就能知道他的为人。因为人生在世有与人为友的，也有与书为友的。无论是书友还是朋友，人们都应该生活在最好的书和最好的朋友之中。

70 第十一章综合练习及参考译文 翻译短文，注意隐喻的处理
A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. 【续】一本好书就像是一个很好的朋友。过去是这样，现在是这样，将来依然如故、始终不渝。它最有耐心、是最能使人感到欢快的伴侣。它也不会在我们穷苦惆怅、临危遭难之时抛弃我们。它对我们总是情深谊厚。在我们年轻时，陶冶我们的情操，增长我们的知识；到我们年老时，它又给我们以愉悦和安慰。

71 第十一章综合练习及参考译文 翻译短文，注意隐喻的处理
Men often discover their affinity to each other by the love they have each for a book—just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both have for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” 【续】人们往往由于喜爱同一本书而结为知己，就如同两个人有时因为敬仰同一个人而交为朋友一样。古谚说：“爱屋及乌。”

72 第十一章综合练习及参考译文 翻译短文，注意隐喻的处理 But there is more wisdom in this. “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them. 【续】但我却认为“爱吾及书”则更富于哲理。书是人们交友更为诚实而高尚的情谊纽带。人们可以通过共同爱好的作家来沟通思想，交流情感。他们的思想共同在作者的作品中得到反映，而作者的思想情感反过来又在他们身上体现出来。

73 第十一章综合练习及参考译文 翻译短文，注意隐喻的处理 “Books,” said Hazlitt, “wind in the heart; the poet’s verse slide current of our blood. We read them when young, we remember them when old. We feel that it has happened to ourselves. They are to be had very cheap and good. We breathe but the air of books.” 【续】黑兹利特曾经说过：“书籍会默化影响人们的内心世界，诗歌能熏陶人们的气质品性。少小所读，老大不忘，书中所谈，犹如亲身经历一般。好书如同我们呼吸的空气，随处可得，所费无几，裨益甚大。”

74 第十一章综合练习及参考译文 翻译短文，注意隐喻的处理
A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of man’s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “They are never alone,” said Sir Philip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts.” 【续】好书常如人生的精典宝库，珍藏着人的思想精华。人生的境界，主要就在于其思想的境界。所以，好的书是美好话语、崇高思想的宝库，若将其美好思想珍藏心中，就成为我们忠实的伴侣和永恒的慰藉。菲利普·西德尼爵士说得好：“具有高尚思想的人永不寂寞孤独。”

75 第十一章综合练习及参考译文 翻译短文，注意隐喻的处理
The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angle of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works. 【续】当我们面临诱惑的时候，高尚纯真的思想会像仁慈的天使一样，纯洁并护卫着我们的灵魂，也孕育着我们行动的胚芽，因为美好话语总会启迪善行。

76 第十一章综合练习及参考译文 翻译短文，注意隐喻的处理
Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds, ages ago. 【续】书籍具有不朽的本质，是人类辛勤努力的最为持久的产物。寺庙会倒坍，神像会朽烂，而书却经久不衰。对于崇高思想而言，时间无关重要。

77 第十一章综合练习及参考译文 翻译短文，注意隐喻的处理
What was then said and thought still speaks to us vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good. 【续】多少年代前初次闪现在作者脑海里的崇高思想今天依然清新如故。他们当时的言语和思想刊印成书，如今还是那么生动感人。时间惟一的作用是淘汰拙作劣品，因为只有真正的佳作精品才能历世长存。

78 第十一章综合练习及参考译文 翻译短文，注意隐喻的处理
Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe. 【续】书籍引导我们进入一种至高境界，让我们接触到历代最伟大的思想家，聆听到他们的所言，晋见到他们的所行，体会到他们的所感，他们的身影仿佛仍然活着一样。我们和他们有同样的感受，与他们共享欢乐喜悦、分担哀愁悲伤，他们的经历变成了我们自己的经历，我们感到有点像是生活在他们所描写的书的情节中与他们一道登台扮演。

79 第十一章综合练习及参考译文 翻译短文，注意隐喻的处理
The great and good do not die even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens. Hence we ever remain under the influence of the great men of old. The imperial intellects of the word are as much alive now as they were ages ago. (Sammuel Smiles: Companionship of Books) 【续】世上杰出的伟人是永生不朽的。他们的精神书籍长载，永久传颂。书是个活的智慧之声，古往今来为人们所俯耳聆听。所以，我们总是不断地接受到历代伟大人物的熏陶。这些古代先哲圣贤，仍然得以永远活在人们的心里。 (塞缪尔· 斯迈尔斯：《书谊》)

80 Thank you for your attending
谢谢 Thank you for your attending 返回章重点 退出