书面表达常用句型.

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1 书面表达常用句型

2 书面表达常用句型 一． 系表结构 七． 感叹句结构 二． 主谓结构 八. 疑问句结构 三． 主谓宾结构 九． 否定式结构
一．  系表结构 七． 感叹句结构 二． 主谓结构 八. 疑问句结构 三． 主谓宾结构 九． 否定式结构 四． 双宾语结构 十. 并列句结构 五． 复合宾语结构 十一. 复合句结构 六． 祈使句结构 十二. 强调句结构

3 一． 系表结构 主语+系动词+表语 Notes 1. 常用的系动词有: 1). 静态(表性质、特征、状态)：
一． 系表结构 主语+系动词+表语 Notes 1. 常用的系动词有: ). 静态(表性质、特征、状态)： be seem remain appear ). 动态(表变化): become go turn get grow ). 感官(表示感觉): look sound taste feel smell

4 2. 可以用做表语的有: 1)名词 )名词性物主代词 3)不定代词 4)人称代词 5)形容词 )数词 )副词 8)动词不定式(短语) )动名词(短语) 10)现在分词(短语) 11)过去分词(短语) 12)介词短语 )从句

5 e.g. 1) Smith was the boss of a garage. 2) Is this pen yours? 3) This is something you should always keep in mind. 4) It is she who is singing next door. 5) All the walls are white 6) My son will be fourteen next year.

6 7) Class is over. 8) His wish is to become a scientist
7) Class is over. 8) His wish is to become a scientist. 9) Her favorite sport in summer is swimming. 10) The news was exciting. 11) They were not discouraged. 12) We are all against the proposal. 13) He is no longer what he used to be.

7 3. 常用句型: 1) It + be + n. + to do 2) It + be + adj. + to do 3) It + be + n. + for / of sb. + to do 4) It + be + n. + doing 5) It + be + adj. + doing 6) It + be + n. + clause 7) It + be + adj. + clause 8) There + be + S.

8 e.g. 1) It is a pity to hear that. 2) It is not easy to master a foreign language. 3) It is a big mistake for her to have bought the clothes. 4) It was hard for him to support such a big family. 5) It is no use going there today.

9 6) It’s useless keeping books without
reading them. 7) It’s a pity that she is out. 8) It is true that he has passed the examination. 9) She looks happy today. 10) The little girl felt shy. 11) It’s getting dark. 12) There will be a new play at the theatre tomorrow.

10 二．主谓结构 主语+（不及物动词）谓语+状语
二．主谓结构 主语+（不及物动词）谓语+状语 Notes: 1. 谓语动词之后有时可以不带任何成 分。 2. 状语可以是名词、副词、介词短语、 不定式短语、分词短语、从句等。

11 1) S. + vi. 2) S. + vi. + n. 3) S. + vi. + adv.
3．常见句型： 1) S. + vi. 2) S. + vi. + n. 3) S. + vi. + adv. 4) S. + vi. + prep. ph. 5) S. + vi. + to do

12 6) S. + vi. + doing 7) S. + vi. + for sb./sth. to do sth. 8) It + seem / appear + adj. / n. + to do happen 9) It + seem clause appear 10) There + vi. + S.

13 e.g. The sun has risen. They worked day and night. They all went out. She came into the library. He got up early to catch the first bus. She stood smiling at me. It seemed impossible to solve the problem.

14 8) She waited for her husband to come back.
9) It happened that they were out when we called on them that evening. 10) It seems that the boy has realized the importance of learning a foreign language. 11) Long, long ago there lived a king.

15 三．主谓宾结构 Notes: 1. vi.+ prep.== vt. 2. 可以做宾语的有：名词，代词， 数词，动词不定式，动名词，
 主语+（及物动词）谓语+宾语 Notes: 1. vi.+ prep.== vt. 2. 可以做宾语的有：名词，代词， 数词，动词不定式，动名词， 从句等.

16 三．主谓宾结构 常见句型： 1) S.+ vt. + n. 2) S.+ vt. + pron. 3) S.+ vt. + num.
4) S.+ vt. + adv. + n. / pron. 5) S.+ vt. + to do 6) S.+ vt. + whether / wh + to do

17 7) S.+ vt. + doing 8) S.+ vt. + object clause 9) S.+ vt. + object + prep. ph. 10) S.+ vt. + it + prep. ph. + that clause 11) S.+ vt. + object + to do 12) It+ vt. + object + to do 13) S.+ vt. + it + adj. / n. ( + for sb.) + to do

18 e.g. 1) She is watering the flowers. 2) He loves her very much. 3) Who are you going to take these three? 4) She couldn’t keep back her tears. ==She couldn’t keep her tears back. 5) She decided to give it up.

19 6) He tried to do a good deed each day.
7) She hardly knows how to write a composition. 8) I wondered whether to stay or to leave. 9) I remember seeing her somewhere before. 10) I hear (that) she has come back. 11) I agree to what he has said.

20 12) He didn’t know whose side he should take.
13) We spend a lot of money on books. 14) He explained it to his students that he was ill that day. 15) He entered the room to look for his pencil-box. 16) It took more than ten years to build the houses. 17) I think it necessary (for him) to learn a foreign language.

21 四．双宾语结构 主语+（及物动词）谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
四．双宾语结构 主语+（及物动词）谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 Notes: 1. 不是所有的及物动词之后都可由双宾语。 可用于此句型的动词有以下三类： 1). give tell teach write bring lend hand show send offer pay pass allow 2) buy do get fetch save make sing choose 3) ask answer

22 2. 1）= vt. + D.O. + to + I.O. 2）= vt. + D.O. + for + I.O. 3）vt. + D.O.1 + D.O.2 3．常用句型： 1) S. + vt. + D.O. +I.O. 2) S. + vt. + D.O. + to / for + I.O. 3) S. + vt. + I.O. + clause 4) It take + O. ( n. / pron.) + n. /pron. + to do 5) Sth. + cost + sb. + n.

23 e.g. 1) He gave me some beautiful pictures. 2) He handed the purse to the teacher. 3) Would you fetch some water for the children?

24 4) She told the students (that) the old
man was her father. 5) We’ll show you whose order it is. 6) It took him quite some time to find the elephant at all. 7) The new bike cost him 300 yuan.

25 五．复合宾语结构 主语+（及物动词）谓语+复合宾语
五．复合宾语结构 主语+（及物动词）谓语+复合宾语 Notes: 1．复合宾语是指“宾语+宾语补足语”。 宾语和其补足语之间存在着逻辑上的 主谓关系。 2．可作宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词， 副词，介词短语，动词不定时，现在 分词，过去分词。

26 3．常见句型： 1) S. + vt. + n. / pron. + n. pain get beat find
2) S. + vt. drive + n. / pron. + adj. wish prove leave make

27 feel hear listen to make let 7) S. + vt. see object + do look at watch notice observe 8) S. + vt. + object + doing

28 feel find 3) S.+ vt. make +it + n./adj. + for/of sb. to do /doing
think consider 4) S. + vt. + adj. / n. + that clause n. 5) S. + vt. + pron. + to be + adj./n. clause 6) S. + vt. + object + to do

29 9) S. + vt. + object + done 10) S. + vt. + object + W + to do 11) S. + vt. + object + adv. 12) S. + vt. + sb. / one’s + doing 13) S. + vt. + object + prep. ph.

30 e.g. 1) We elected him monitor of our class. 2) The boy kicked the door open. 3) I think it foolish of him to believe her. 4) We thought it better for you to take the medicine in time. 5) He had made it a rule never to cast his net more than three times a day.

31 8) He wanted her to be a dancer.
6) I consider it a pity that he has given up studying English. 7) We found her to be mad. 8) He wanted her to be a dancer. 9) He believes what she said to be true. 10) The doctor advised him to have an operation.

32 11) The boss made the workers work long
hours. 12) We found the boy crying in the street. 13) Have you ever heard this song sung in English?

33 14) The farmers showed us how to cut
wheat. 15) Did you find them in? 16) Do you mind me /my closing the window? 17) They forced her into the room.

34 六．祈使句结构 2. Be + predictive +… 3. Don’t + do + …
4. Don’t + be + predictive 5. Let + object + do + ...

35 2) Pass her a piece of paper. 3) Be a good boy.
e.g. 1) Come in, please. 2) Pass her a piece of paper. 3) Be a good boy. 4) Be careful not to touch it. 5) Don’t read in a moving bus. 6) Don’t be so silly. 7) Let’s have a rest. 8) Let the boy in, please.

36 七．感叹句结构 2. How + adj./adv. + S. + v.! 3. How + S. + v.!
1. What (+ adj.) + n.+ S. + v.! 2. How + adj./adv. + S. + v.! 3. How + S. + v.! 4. How + adj.+ a / an + n. + S. + v.!

37 e.g. 1) What a silly boy he is!
2) What terrible weather we are having! 3) How hard they are working! 4) How wonderful to be invited to a palace ball!

38 八.疑问句结构 1．一般疑问句： 2) Be + there + S. + … ? Have
1) Be + S. + predictive? 2) Be + there + S. + … ? Have 3) Has S. + object + …? Had

39 Be 4) Have + S. + do + …? Will Shall Can May 5) Must + S. + do +…?
Need Dare

40 e.g. 1) Were they busy yesterday?
2) Was there a pine tree beside the house? 3) Have you (got) any red ink? 4) Is she lying in bed? 5) Did Tom go there with you? 6) Dare you say it again?

41 2. 特殊疑问句 1）作主语的疑问词 + 陈述语序? (who; which; what) 2）作定语修饰主语的疑问词 + 陈述语序？ (what; which; whose; how many/much) 3）疑问词(作定语/表语/状语)+一般疑问语序？

42 e.g. 1) Who came to school the earliest
yesterday? 2) Which book is yours? 3) What are you doing? 4) Where did you go yesterday?

43 3．选择疑问句： 1）一般疑问句 + or + 另一供选择部分？ 2）一般疑问句 + or + not?
3）特殊疑问句, + A or B ? e.g. 1) Do you like sports or music? 2) Do you like sports or not? 3)Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?

44 e.g. 1) You are tired, aren’t you?
4. 反意疑问句： 助动词 1）陈述句肯定结构,+ 系动词 的否定式 + 人称代词？ 情态动词 2）陈述句否定结构,+ 系动词 的肯定式 + 人称代词？ e.g. 1) You are tired, aren’t you? 2) You wouldn’t leave for long, will you?

45 九．否定式结构 1．S. + be + not + predictive. e.g. He is not an engineer.
have no 2. S has not a + object . had any e.g. I have no brother.

46 e.g. There isn’t a book on the table. 4. S. + do/does/did + not + do
3. There + be + not a S. not any e.g. There isn’t a book on the table. 4. S. + do/does/did + not + do e.g. He didn’t come to school yesterday. 5. S. + 助动词 + not + do e.g. 1) He is not crying. 2) I shall not ask him for help.

47 6. S. + 情态动词 + not + do e.g. You needn’t worry. to do 7. not + doing +… done e.g. 1) Not knowing the truth, he scolded her. 2) I regretted not attending the meeting. 3) We said so not to flatter(奉承) him.

48 none , neither, nothing, nobody, no one
all both 8. not + each 部分否定 every the whole 完全否定分别用： none , neither, nothing, nobody, no one

49 e.g. 1) All the answers are not correct. 2) Everything doesn’t go well. 3) She hasn’t done the job completely. 4) Nobody can work it out. 5) None of the students is from Shanghai.

50 9. 由nor, neither构成否定承接句： Neither / Nor + 助/系/情态动词 + S. Note: 如果前句两个或两个以上动词不属同类、时态不一致或既有肯定又有否定，则套用句型： It is / was the same with + S. e.g. 1) I don’t like the film, nor does she. 2) He has no time. Neither have I.

51 10. 由hardly, seldom, rarely, never, little, few等构成的含否定意义的句子。
e.g. 1) He hardly went out shopping. 2) Few of them know science.

52 十. 并列句结构 1. 由并列词或逗号、分号把两个或两个以上、具有逻辑关系的简单句连 接为一体，就构成了并列句。

53 2. 常用的并列连词有： and “和” or “否则” but “可是；但是” for “因为” so “因此” either… or… “不是…就是…” neither … nor … “ 既不…也不…” not only… but also… “不但…而且…”

54 3.常用的副词有： yet “但是” however “然而” therefore “所以” Note: 此类词前常有逗号或分号与前句分开。

55 e.g. 1) Hurry up! It’s going to rain.
2) He had to come back home; he wanted some money. 3) Tears appeared in her eyes, but he didn’t notice it. 4) Spring came and the trees turned green.

56 6) He found nobody in the room, so he went away.
5) She must be ill, for she didn’t come to school this morning. 6) He found nobody in the room, so he went away. 7) He is old, yet he is still active in his work. 8) The composition is all right; however there is room for improvement.

57 9) He was very tired, and therefore he fell
sound asleep. 10) We must hurry, or we’ll be late. 11) Either he is wrong or you are wrong. 12) He doesn’t know her, nor do I. 13) Not only was my mother angry, but my father also.

58 十一. 复合句结构 (常用连词 that; whether; who; whom; whose;
1. 主语从句结构： 1） 连接代词/副词 + 从句 + 主句谓语部分 == It + 主句谓语部分 + 连接代词/副词 + 从句 (常用连词 that; whether; who; whom; whose; which; when; where; why; how)

59 e.g. 1) That we love peace is known to all. ==It is known to all that we love peace. 2) Whether we can solve the difficulty still remains a question. ==It still remains a question whether we can solve the difficulty.

60 3) Whose composition is better is hard to say.
==It is hard to say whose composition is better. 4) Where we’ll spend the summer holidays has not been decided. ==It hasn’t been decided where we’ll spend the summer holidays.

61 (1) What he said is not true. (2) What we are doing is for building
e.g. (1) What he said is not true. (2) What we are doing is for building socialism.

62 Whoever 3） Whatever + 主语从句 + 主句谓语部分 Whichever e.g. (1) Whoever wants to go may go at once. (2) Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.

63 4）It + is a pity + that-clause is said is reported
happened seems 4）It + is a pity that-clause is said is reported

64 e.g. (1) It happened that he was ill when we found him. (2) It seems that she doesn’t like her job. (3) It’s a pity that she has gone abroad. (4) It is said / reported that our women’s football team had won again.

65 2.表语从句结构 that 连词 if 主语 + whether + clause
连接代词( who; whom; which; what） 连接副词(when; where; why; how)

66 e.g. 1) His suggestion is that we go to Beijing to spend our holidays. 2) That is just what he wants. 3) The question is who will have a try first. 4) That is why the bat never fly out in the daytime. 5) The problem is whether we can find each other at the station.

67 2) S. + vt. + if / whether-clause
3. 宾语从句结构 1) S. + vt. + that-clause e.g. ① I wish I could enter college. ② The king replied that he would set him free. 2) S. + vt. + if / whether-clause e.g. ① The teacher asked if anyone was absent. ② I wonder whether he will come ( or not ).

68 4) S. + vt. + sb. + 连接代词/副词 + clause
3) S. + vt. + 连接代词/副词 + clause e.g. ① He asked which exercise is the most difficult. ② No one knows what they are fighting about. 4) S. + vt. + sb. + 连接代词/副词 + clause e.g. ① He didn’t tell me where he lived. ② Didn’t she tell you when we should start?

69 5) 主谓结构 + prep. + clause e.g. ① She should be praised for what she has done. ② The boss paid the workers according to how much they had done for him.

70 6) S. + vt. + to短语 + that-clause
e.g. He explained to us that he had failed to catch the first bus. 7) S. + vt. + it + adj. / n. + clause e.g. ① We felt it strange that she could leave without saying good-bye. ② We thought it a shame that they fought each other in class.

71 4. 定语从句结构 e.g. ① The man who is standing by the door
1) 主句主语 + 关系代词/副词 + clause + 主句谓语 e.g. ① The man who is standing by the door is our English teacher. ② The watch (which / that ) I bought yesterday is made in Swiss. ③ The days when we were cheated are gone for ever.

72 e.g.① This is the girl whose father died in the flood.
2) 主句 + 关系代词/副词+ clause e.g.① This is the girl whose father died in the flood. ② I’ll never forget the day when I joined the Party. 3) 主句中的被修饰词 + prep. + 关系代词 + clause e.g. ① The earth on which we live is a big ball. ② We visited the house in which chairman Mao once lived.

73 4) 非限定性定语从句： which who 主句中的被修饰词 + , + whom clause whose + n. where

74 e.g. ① Wang Hai’s father, who works in Nanjing, has come back home. ② We visited the industrial exhibition, where we saw a lot of foreign guests.

75 5. 状语从句结构： 1) 时间状语从句 (1) conj. + clause + , + 主句 主句 + conj. + clause
(用于此类从句的连词有：when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as)

76 e.g. ① when he saw his mother, the boy began to cry. ② I’ll write to you as soon as I get there.

77 No sooner had + S. + done + than + clause e.g.
(2) S. + had no sooner + done + than + clause No sooner had + S. + done + than + clause e.g. The bell had no sooner rung than the teacher walked into the classroom. ==No sooner had the bell rung than the

78 ==I had hardly got home when / before it began to rain.
(3) Hardly + had + S. + done + when / before + clause S. + had + hardly + done + when / before + clause e.g. Hardly had I got home when / before it began to rain. ==I had hardly got home when / before it began to rain.

79 Scarcely had he got to bed when / before he fell to sleep.
(4) Scarcely + had + S. + done + when / before + clause S. + had + scarcely + done + when / before + clause e.g. Scarcely had he got to bed when / before he fell to sleep. == He had scarcely got to bed when / before he fell to sleep.

80 2) 地点状语从句 ① I lost my pen where I wrote my composition.
2) 地点状语从句 主句 + where(ever) + 从句 Where(ver) + 从句+，+ 主句 e.g. ① I lost my pen where I wrote my composition. ② Wherever we are sent to work, we should work hard.

81 3）原因状语从句 主句 + because / as / since / now that + 从句 e.g.
① He didn’t go to the meeting because he was ill. ② As it is going to rain, you’d better stay at home.

82 4）条件状语从句 主句 + if / unless / as long as + 从句 e.g.
If / Unless / As long as + clause +, + 主句 主句 + if / unless / as long as + 从句 e.g. ① You are sure to succeed if you work hard. ② As / So long as we keep calm, we can find a way out.

83 5）结果状语从句 ① 主句 + that / so that + 从句
② S. + v. + so + adj. / adv. + that-clause ③ S. + v. + such (a) + adj. + n. + that-clause ④ S. + v. + so + adj. (+ a ) + n. + that-clause

84 e.g. ① She is so kind to us that we all love her. ② He spoke so quickly that nobody could follow him. ③ She gave us such an excellent lecture that everybody admired him. ==She gave us so excellent a lecture that

85 6）目的状语从句 so that 主句 + in order that + 从句 in case
e.g. We took the front seats in order that we could hear clearly.

86 7）让步状语从句 （1） conj. + clause +, + 主句 ==主句 + conj. + clause adj.
（2） adv. + as / though + 从句 + 主句 n.

87 常用连词有： though (although) “虽然” even if/though “即使” whether … or … “不管事…还是…” whoever (no matter who ） “无论谁” whatever (no matter what ) “无论什么” whichever (no matter which ) “无论哪个” whenever ( no matter when) “无论何时” wherever ( no matter where) “无论何地”

88 7）让步状语从句 e.g. ① She took care of the patients though she
herself was also ill. ② No matter where you go, you must find time to study. ③ Young as he is, he knows a lot.

89 8）方式状语从句 主句 + as / as if + clause e.g. ① Let’s study as Lenin studied.
② He spoke as if he were a professor.

90 9）比较状语从句 S. + v. (+ not) + as / so + adj. / adv. + as + clause e.g.
（1）同级比较状语从句 S. + v. (+ not) + as / so + adj. / adv. + as + clause e.g. ① He works as hard as Jack. ② The police were not as / so light-hearted as Tom.

91 S. + v. (+ no) + adj.-er /adv.-er + than + clause e.g.
(2) 比较级状语从句 S. + v. (+ no) + adj.-er /adv.-er + than + clause e.g. ① He can jump higher than I. ② There are more students in Class One than in Class Two. ③ It is no more hot today than yesterday.

92 The + adj.-er / adv.-er +, + the + adj.-er / adv.-er
(3) 表示递进的比较状语从句 The + adj.-er / adv.-er +, + the + adj.-er / adv.-er e.g. The harder he works, the happier he is.

93 (4)表示最高级概念的比较状语从句 ① Nobody is so sly (狡猾) as he is.
否定意义主语 + v. + adj. / adv + as + clause 否定意义主语 + v. + adj. / adv. + than + clause e.g. ① Nobody is so sly (狡猾) as he is. ② No one studies harder than he does.

94 6． 同位语从句 e.g. ① We all know the fact that the earth
主句主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + that + clause 主句主语 + that + clause + 主句谓语 e.g. ① We all know the fact that the earth moves around the sun. ② The news that the Chinese women’s volleyball team has won the world’s championship soon spread over the whole country.

95 十二. 强调句结构 It is / was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子剩余部分 Note:
十二. 强调句结构 It is / was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子剩余部分 Note: 1. 本结构用于强调除谓语以外的句子成分。要 强调谓语动词可用: S. + do/does/did + V.+… 2. 原因状语从句被强调时只可由because引导。 3. 含not … until… 的复合句套用： It is / was not until … that … (被强调部分用陈述语序)

96 e.g. ① It was your sister that I met in the zoo yesterday. ② It was yesterday that I met your sister in the zoo.

97 Thank you！