Unit one The Snake Bite.

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1 Unit one The Snake Bite

2 Introduction of functions
Expressing feelings of distress or annoyance Strong It sickens sb. to / that… It bugs sb. to /that… I'm fed up with all this. It galls sb. bitterly to / that… Formal I am distressed to … I am annoyed/bothered/irritated/angered by… Informal …really got on my nerves/ worried me. What really gets under my skin is… What a drag/nuisance drive somebody mad/ crazy/ nuts…

3 Language points gall somebody: to vex someone, to annoy someone or make someone very angry. Get on someone’s nerves: to annoy someone, especially by continually saying or doing something that he/or she does not like. e.g. Sit down, James. You’re getting on my nerves pacing up and down like that. get under someone’s skin: to annoy someone a lot. e.g. He really gets under my skin sometimes. be a drag: if someone or something is a drag, they annoy you especially because they are boring or prevent you from enjoying yourself. e.g. Don’t invite John- he’s such a drag.

4 Introduction of functions
You may talk about annoyance and distress like this: I simply can't bear your barbaric behavior. Don't pretend that you are a good God. The thing that really annoys me is you didn't take my words seriously. His indifference irritates me. I'm very annoyed at your disobedience. I can't stand her arrogance. She looks down upon everybody. Maybe it's her nature.

5 Try to speak more Note: 1. Three chickens to one single cage: three chickens sharing one single cage 2. Disgraceful: adj. shameful e.g. It’s a disgraceful waste of taxpayer’s money. 3. fatten sb/sth. Up: to make a person or animal fatter

6 Questions 1. What actually sickened the father and his daughters on the chicken farm? 2. Can you describe what they saw on the farm? 3. Do you agree that the chicken farm industry is a disgrace?

7 Script A: A couple of days ago, I …went to a chicken farm to buy a chicken with my kids… B: Yes? What did you see there, David? A: Oh, Jenny, … to tell you the truth, it really shocked me to know how chickens were raised in the mechanical production. B: Why, what did they do there? A: The chickens are… I mean, it’s like this, my kids, they wanted to see the chickens in the cages… so I said, all right, I’ll take you there to see them. B. So what did you see? Did you see the chickens in the cages? A: Yes. One of my kids was 8 years old, and the other was 5. But the 8-year-old was almost in tears as she came out. B. What happened? What did she see?

8 A: Yes, I asked what’s up. She was too upset to speak
A: Yes, I asked what’s up? She was too upset to speak. So I went in to have a look. B: What did you see? A: You wouldn’t believe it. And it sickened me… there were three chickens in one single cage. B. Yes, what’s wrong with this? Is the cage big? A: No. The cage was so small that the only way they could get around was to climb over each other. The chickens were forced against the metal bars… and … they were bald. B: What a shame! I wouldn’t let my kids see this, and the way they treat chickens is absolutely disgraceful.

9 Story Time 1. Work out a short story in pairs based on the following pictures. You may tell the story from the first person perspective or the third person perspective, then present it to the class,(p2) Hints: Using expressions of distress and annoyance Words and expressions: animal rights A harmonious relationship with animals Be kept in the cage Billboard or sign Innocent

10 2007年2月22 日,悉尼，动物保护组织成员把自己囚禁在铁笼子里，以此来抗议人们圈养动物。

11 What are they for Key: 1.d 2.e 3.a 4.f 5.c 6. b
If you want to learn more Key a-6 b-8 c-3 d-1 e-2 f-4 g-5 h-7

12 Quotable Quote If we are bound to forgive an enemy, we are not bound to trust him. be bound to do --- be sure and confident that something will happen Do you have an example to illustrate the saying?

13 Related ideas on enemy Do not despise your enemy. 不可轻敌
Believe no tales from the enemy。 敌人之言不可信。 One enemy can do more hurt than ten friends can do good. 一个敌人 为害，胜过十个朋友行好。 Though thy enemy seem a mouse, yet watch him like a lion. 敌人既是小如鼠，防他也要如防狮。

14 Pre-reading activities
Take a look at the three picture, discuss about the cultural implication of the snake.

15 Reading Comprehension and Language Activities
Pre-reading Tasks muskmelon watermelon cantaloupe

16 What should we do to recue someone that was bitten by a poisonous snake? List at least three things
a: sucking poisonous liquid from the wound b: stop blood circulation through wrapping c: getting professional assistance

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18 Words to memorize 1. watermelon 2. muskmelon 3. patch 4. barn 5. cane
6. shed 7. blade 8. swipe 9. thump 10. sandbur 11. rattle 12. note 13. quail 14. figure 15. yell 16. apron 17. string 18. lot 19. habitation 20. shortcut 21. yank 22. porch 23. crest 24 silhouette

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20 Stylistic Features The story, as told by an American boy, is set against the background of the American countryside in the 19th century. Words like sandbur, claim, buggy, porch, lot, rig are characteristic of American culture. The text contains many colloquial phrases to reflect a child’s style of speaking. Phrasal verbs are used over single verbs. e. g. Light out for depart ; pick out for recognize, show up for appear, break into for being abruptly. The use of child phrases: Mamma, Papa

21 The structure of the text
(when) One day (Where) on melon-and-garden garden patch (who) a boy (what) bitten by a snake (how) mother’s first aid and help from neighbors At last, his father showed up

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23 1. What happened to the boy when he went to the house vegetable patch?
He intend to get a melon for his own use, but he stepped on something like a mess of sandbur. Actually he was bitten by a rattlesnake

24 2.Why did the boy fail to hear the snake rattle?
Rattlesnakes are supposed to make some sound as warning before they strike, but this snake did not rattle. Maybe it did not have time to rattle.

25 3. How did the boy’s mother treat his wound?
His mother tied apron strings around the boy’s leg above the knee, made him lie on the sofa and asked Martha to watch him.

26 4. What did his mother do when she found that Martha had taken off the strings?
She put the apron strings back, pulling them tight.

27 5. Who should Herb Anderson look for first
5. Who should Herb Anderson look for first? Who else should he look for next? First for the boy’s father. If he failed to find him, he should look for a doctor.

28 6.Why did his mother go to the porch? Who showed up at last?
His mother went to the porch to watch the road from town. At last his father showed up

29 Analysis of words , expressions and sentences
shed： noun a simple roofed structure, typically made of wood or metal, used for garden storage, to shelter animals, or as a workshop 棚式建筑；货棚；牲口棚；工作棚 vt. 流出, 流下 He shed his blood for his country. 他为国家流血牺牲了。

30 swipe : verb&n a hard hit
[with obj.] hit or try to hit with a swinging blow 挥击；猛打 she swiped me right across the nose. 她挥了一拳，正打在我的鼻子上。 She took a swipe at the volleyball. thump 重击；重击声 n.a heavy dull sound (as made by impact of heavy objects) v.hit hard with the hand, fist, or some heavy instrument He was so angry that he thumped the table with his fist. 他非常生气，用拳头重捶桌子。

31 the house melon-and-garden patch: a piece of land for growing vegetables and melons for family use. Known as a “ vegetable patch” strike: to attack someone, especially suddenly (struck; struck, stricken) e.g. The killer might strike again.

32 figure: reckon, estimate, conclude, think, believe
e.g. I have never been able to figure him out. 我从来都琢磨不透他 I figure he will be back soon. 我估计他很快会回来

33 you heard me losing my temper and yelling at her. 你听到我冲着她发火大叫了.
yell: noun a loud, sharp cry, especially of pain, surprise, or delight; a shout (US)an organized cheer, especially one used to support a sports team verb give a loud, sharp cry 叫喊，叫嚷；号叫 you heard me losing my temper and yelling at her. 你听到我冲着她发火大叫了.

34 Whip off 快速离开 When I turned round, I found that she had whipped off to avoid awkward questions. 当我转回身时, 我发现她为了逃避一些棘手的问题已匆匆 离去。 突然拿去(遮盖物) He whipped off his coat. 他迅速脱去上衣。 迅速带走 She whipped the child off to the doctor before I had time to look at him. 我还没来得及看看这孩子, 她就急着带他到医生那儿去。

35 make for: to go in the direction of a particular place; head for
e.g. 1. They were making towards /for the river 他们正向河边走去 2.I think it’s time we made for home. 我想我们是时候回家了。

36 between the Anderson and the Howell claims: between the Anderson’s and the Howell’s land.
pick out: recognize Anxious to get his nose in the manger: a manger is a feeding box in a stable or barn. Here it means that the horse was anxious to eat. Break into a gallop: galloping horse galloping war-horse

37 the road ran along the crest of a rise

38 silhouette: n. an outline that appears dark against a light background 轮廓
The silhouette of the trees against the evening sky. [idiom] in silhouette: as a silhouette see sth. in silhouette paint sb in silhouette

39 Translation 我们在西波顿种植西瓜和香瓜供应市场。家里自用的瓜菜地在甘 蔗地边上的谷仓背后。一天，我从工具棚里拿了把镰刀想去砍个西 瓜自己吃。他们是不许我拿这把刀的，因为它的刀刃比我胳膊还长。 但它是切西瓜的最好工具。一刀下去，西瓜就一分为二了。 我正沿着瓜地边走边拍打着想找一个熟瓜，突然感觉脚好像踩着 针一样被扎了一下。我认为是踩在一堆蒺藜草上。 仔细一看，是一条响尾蛇。据说响尾蛇在袭击之前都要发出响 声以示警告，我肯定是一脚踩到它的嘴巴里了。我边往家里飞奔， 边大声喊叫，脑子里想的是自己肯定要死了。 妈妈赶快扯下围裙，用上面的袋子绑着我的膝盖上部。她让我 在前屋的沙发上躺下，让玛莎照看我。当时家里既没有一个男人， 场院里也没有一匹马。最近的住着是豪威尔先生家，但他家没有马。 再远点是吉姆安德森家，穿过田地抄近路也有半英里的距离。

40 妈妈冲向安德森家。安德森的一个儿子跳上马直奔城里，在 安德森家打工的克拉克的儿子用车把妈妈送回家。回到家， 妈妈发现围裙带已被玛莎解开了，因为我直叫系得太紧。妈 妈重新绑上，她用力拉紧带子以致于我尖叫起来。 然后，妈妈又到门廊下朝那条通往城里的路张望。这条 路位于安德森和豪威尔两家开垦地之间，一直延伸到小高地 顶端，因此只要有人马越过高地顶端，你就可以看到他们的 轮廓。我总是远远就能辨认出我们的马车和汤姆，尤其是爸 爸赶车的时候。这时，如果得到允许，汤姆就会因为急着想 吃到马槽里的东西而撒腿跑起来，爸爸也总是允许它这么做 的。 给赫伯安徳森下的指示是首先找到爸爸，如果不能马上 找到就找麦肯齐医生，再不成就找菲尔德或别的医生。 妈妈一边盯着看谁的马车先出现，一边不时地进屋力求 制止我嚎叫。终于，妈妈说道： “你爸爸来了。”

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43 I’m Nobody ! Who are you? Are you ─ Nobody ─ Too?

44 艾米莉·伊丽莎白·狄金森 (Emily Elizabeth Dickson )

45 艾米莉·狄金森 (1830—1886)生平简介 美国 著名女诗人
出生于美国马萨诸塞州当时还是个小镇的艾默斯特 。在艾默 斯特学校 受完中等教育，又入芒特霍利约克女子学院就读不 足一年 一生共写1 775 首诗.诗歌成一种具有松散格律的自由体。

46 爱情诗 感情经历： 1 狄金森年少时热爱大自然,乐于出外游玩,与人交往举 止优雅,一度是小城社交界之花.二十三岁时,她第一次随 父亲远游到华盛顿,在费城邂逅年已41岁查尔斯·华兹华 斯,并深深爱上了他,但华兹华斯已有妻室,这份感情注定 是无望的.归来后,狄金森闭门谢客,终生未嫁。 年，狄金森和老朋友欧提斯·劳德 法官有密 切来往，从她遗留下来的15封信草稿中可以看出她曾对她 怀有热恋之情

47 爱情诗种类 自然诗 1 赞扬爱情的甜美和伟大，描绘对爱情的强烈渴望 和追求。
2 描写伴随爱情而来的强烈痛苦，抒发因爱情而产 生的心理矛盾和畏惧。 自然诗 benevolent & cruel （慈善的） （残忍的）

48 Poem reading snake ---a narrow Fellow in the Grass
走过，当它是阳光里 摊开的绳鞭 想弯腰把它拾起 它却蜷缩，然后不见— 自然界好些人士 我也认识，他们对我也熟悉— 他们让我心里涌起 一片真情实意— 但每次碰见这个家伙， 不管是有伴，还是单独 总是呼吸急促 还冰凉侵骨—— 一个细长的家伙 有时在草丛里驰骋— 你可能见过—是不？ 他的出现，很突兀— 草儿像被梳子分开— 现出利箭带斑— 然后在你的脚边合拢， 又一路打开向前— 它喜欢潮湿的地盘， 泥土要凉得不生五谷— 但当年小孩时，赤着足 我曾多次在上午—

49 Language Work — filling the blanks
Answers to A 1. All at once , screamed 2. figured, by the shortcut 3. seems, on the edge of 4. lot, back of 5. habitation 6. forbidden, raise 7. At length, showed up

50 Language Work — rewriting
1. rushed away— broke into a gallop 2. rushed out … to a safe place — lit out for a safe place 3. appeared — shown up 4. It must be … — somebody must have forgotten to turn it off. 5. recognize him — pick him out 6. moved towards — make for/ towards 7. attack —strike 8. top — crest

51 Language work — word study
1. They lived in a cottage on the edge of the moors. 2. The major of the city had a villa built for his own use. 3. a. The nearest dinning-hall is only 20 meters away by the short cut through the playground. b. The nearest hospital is the NO.1 People’s Hospital, about 200 meters away by the shortcut through the park. c. It takes you only five minutes to go to the nearest by the shortcut. 4. Every now and then, the robber looked out of the windows furtively while his partners/ accomplices are busy putting the jewelry into their bags. 5. At length, we finished our entrance examination to university and began our happy vacation in Europe.

52 Dictation Hints : tame [teɪm] adj. 驯服的； vt. 驯养；使变得平淡；制服
favorite  美 ['fevərɪt ]英 ['feɪvərɪt]  n. 幸运儿；喜欢的事物；特别 喜欢的人 the range of … 范围 pigeon [‘pɪdʒɪn; ’pɪdʒ(ə)n]n. 鸽子  household ['haʊshəʊld]n家庭；一家人 reflect [rɪ'flekt] vt. 反映；反射，照出；表达；显示;反省 portray [pɔ: ‘treɪ] vt. 描绘 gallery['gæl(ə)rɪ] n. 画廊；走廊；旁听席；地道

53 Dictation A pet is an animal tamed and kept as a favorite and treated with love. The range of animals kept by people as pets today is very wide. For example, rabbits, mice, goldfish, pigeons, horses, pigs, or even snakes are kept as pets by different people. However, dogs and cats are still the most popular pets, and about half the households in Britain own one or the other. The importance of pets in British life is reflected in many ways. In the past, landowners liked to be portrayed with their dogs and horses and many such pictures can be seen in galleries. In many families, pets are regarded as family members, that’s why British people often say “ love me, love my dog.”

54 Grammar 宾语和宾补

55 Expressing feelings of distress or annoyance
Strong It sickens sb. to / that… It bugs sb. to /that… I'm fed up with all this. It galls sb. bitterly to / that… Formal I am distressed to … I am annoyed/bothered/irritated/angered by… Informal …really got on my nerves/ worried me. What really gets under my skin is… What a drag/nuisance drive somebody mad/ crazy/ nuts…

56 巧记动词后接不定式还是动名词做宾语 巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语的动词用法 根据汉意编写顺口溜会方便记忆： （一）跟不定时作宾语的动词有：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish) 决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help) 设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse) 好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt) 选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn) 告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)

57 （二）跟动名词作宾语的动词有： 考虑（consider）完成（finish）多练习（practice）
避免（avoid）冒险（risk）求建议（suggest/recommend ） 面对（face）喜欢（enjoy/appreciate）和介意(mind) 允许（allow）承认（admit/permit）或放弃(give up/abandon) 推迟（put off/delay/postpone）逃避（escape）不原谅（ excuse/pardon） 提及（mention）坚持(keep/insist on）要想象（ imagine/fancy） 还有词组 和can’t stand！

58 宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语 宾语补足语是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状 态、特征的成分，多由名词、形容词、副词、不定式，动名词和分词充当。
如: The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. We call her Jenny. They found him out. Make yourself at home. They wish you to go with them. 宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语

59 复合宾语结构 此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。

60 不定式作宾语补足语 B C 1.Did you intend us ___ the new method?
A. using B. to use C. using D. are using 2.The teacher encouraged us ______ good compositions. A. Writing B. written C. to write D. is writing B C

61 1.有些动词作宾语补足语的动词不定式必须带其符号to，即形成ask sb. to do sth．结构。能用于此结构的常见动词
有：advise, allow, ask, enable, beg, cause, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hate, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, teach, tell, urge, want, warn等。

62 ２在某些动词短语，如：call on, depend on, care for, long for, wait for, prepare for等后面。例如： We are waiting for the bus _____. A. come B. to come The Party calls on us _ __ (go) where we are needed. B to go

63 3. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry A 表示视觉、听觉和感觉的动词，如see, watch, observe,notice, look at, hear, listen to,以及使役动词have, let, make等后面跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时，必须省略其不定式符号“to”，即形成make/see sb.do sth.结构。但是变成被动语态to是不能省略。

64 1. He often helps his mother _____ housework after school
1.He often helps his mother _____ housework after school. Which is wrong ? A. doing B. to do C. do 2.He considered him _______ brave. Which is wrong ? A. to be B. / C. being A C

65 1.help 一词后的不定式，可带 to，也可以不带 to。
2．一些表示心理状态的动词，如：consider, think, believe, discover, judge, suppose, prove, know, imagine, feel, pretend等，其后的宾语补足语若表示什么性质、特征或处于某种状态的特点，这时宾补要用“to be...”这种形式，“to be”亦可省略。 3feel 一词，跟 to be 型不定式带 to；跟 to do 型不定式不带 to。

66 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but
his mother told him ___________. A．not to Ｂ．not to do Ｃ．not do it Ｄ．do not to The cave being very dark, he made some candles __ light. Ａ．Give Ｂ．to give Ｃ．Giving Ｄ．given I can’t go with you. I have a lot of work____after. Ａ．done Ｂ．doing Ｃ．to do Ｄ．do A B C

67 (1)在含有不定式符号“to”动词不定式作宾补时，为了避免重复，口语中常可省去动词原形，只保留小品词to.
(2)要注意make作“制造”“制作”时，与用作使役动词表示“使”“让”时结构的不同；have作使役动词表示“使、让”与作行为动词表示“具有”时结构的不同.

68 （四）现在分词与动词不定式作宾语补足语时的区别
The missing boy was last seen ____ near the East Lake. A．Playing Ｂ．to be playing Ｃ．playＤ．to play A 现在分词作宾补时 ，表示“正在进行的动作”，而动词不定式则表示“一次性的、具体的动作”。 例如： I saw him going upstairs．（表示正在上楼) I saw him go upstairs．（表示上了楼)

69 Exercise 1. He saw an old man ________ on the bus.
A. to get B. got C. getting D. is getting 2.Did you see a young man _____ the house? A. entered B. to enter C. is entering D. enter C D

70 过去分词与现在分词作宾语补足语的区别 1.I once heard this song ______ in Japanese. D
A. is sung B. sang C. Sing D. sung 2.I didn’t want the children _____ out in such weather. A. were taken B. to take C. taken D. taking D C 我们都知道，宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主 谓关系，因此，当用作宾语补足语的分词表示主动的、 正在进行的动作时应用现在分词作宾补；如果表示的 被动的、结束了的动作则用过去分词作宾补。例如： The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see __the next year. A. carry out Ｂ.carrying out Ｃ．carried out Ｄ．to carry out  C

71 Translation 1. 天开始下午， 她走向附近的一个避雨处。
It started raining/ it began to rain, so she made for/ headed for/ the nearest /nearby shelter.

72 2. 她挑了一顶帽子，正好配她的衣服 She picked out a cap to match her dress.

73 3. 我等了一个小时，可还是没见他的人影 I have been waiting for an hour/ I waited for an hour/ I have waited for an hour, but he didn’t show up.

74 4. 他们觉得还是呆在原地好。 They figured they ‘d better stay where they are. / They figured it is better to stay where they are.

75 5.小岛上发生了地震，造成23人死亡。 The earthquake struck the little island and caused 23 deaths.

76 6.在离开村子20年后，他终于回到家。 20 years after leaving the village , he returned home at length. / He returned home at length after being away from the village for 20 years

77 7. 她的许多同事已经失去了工作，她总算保住了。
She managed to hold on to her job while many of her colleagues lost theirs.

78 Word Formation ceiv(e), cept, ceipt = take hold 取，认为，容纳
intercept [inter-中途，cept, 取] 截取 reception [re-回来，cept 取，接] 接待 receptive[re-回来， cept 取，-ive 形容词后缀] 敏悟 的 receipts [re-回来，ceipt取，-s 名词复数后缀] 收入 conceive [con-表强调， ceive 认为] 构想 perceive [per-表强调， ceive 容纳] 觉察 accept [ac-表示to, cept 取，认为] 接受

79 Word Formation cert = true确实，确信certify [cert 确实，-i,-fy 动词后缀，] 证实
certain [cert 确实，-ain形容词后缀] 肯定的 ascertain [as-加强意义，certain 确实] 查明

80 Word Formation chron = time时间
chronic [chron 时间，-ic …的] 慢性的 chronicle [chron 时间；] 编年史 chronology [chron 时间，-ology …学] 年表 synchronize [syn- 同， chron 时间， -ize 动词 后缀] 同步

81 Word Formation cosm (o)= universe 世界，宇宙 cosmic [cosm 宇宙, -ic 形容词后缀] 宇宙的 cosmics [cosm 宇宙，-ics … 学] 宇宙学 cosmonaut [cosmo 宇宙， naut 船] 宇航员 cosmopolis [cosmo 世界，polis 城市] 国际都市