Unit 1 Art.

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1 Unit 1 Art

2 基础知识自测

3 sculpture gallery symbol religion geometry civilization district
一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。 1._____________ [ `skʌlptʃə ] n. 雕塑 2. ____________ [`gæləri ] n. 画廊 3. ____________ [ `simbəl ] n. 象征；符号 4. ____________ [ ri`lidʒən ]n. 宗教；宗教信仰 5. ____________ [ dʒi`ɔmitri ] n. 几何学 6. ____________[ .sivilai`zeiʃɚn ]n.文明 7. ____________[ `distrikt ]  n. 区域 8. ____________ [ .eksi`biʃən ]n.展览会 9. ____________ [ `ʃædəu ]  n. 阴影；影子 10. ____________ [ `ævənju:] n. 林阴道；大街 sculpture gallery symbol religion geometry civilization district exhibition shadow avenue

4 tip predict convince abstract aggressive ridiculous permanent
11. ____________ [ tip] n. 提示；小费；顶 12. ____________ [ kən`vins ] vt.使信服 13. ____________ [ pri`dikt ] vt. 预言；预测 14. ____________ [ `æbstrækt ]adj.抽象的 15. ____________ [ ə`gresiv ]adj.侵略的;好斗的 16. ____________ [ .kɔntrə`və:ʃəl ]adj.荒谬的 17._____________[ `pə:mənənt ]adj. 永久的；持久的 18. _____________ [ .kɔntrə`və:ʃəl ] adj.争议的 19. _____________ [ `nauədeiz ] adv. 现今 20. ______________[ `kɔnsikwəntli ] adv.所以 tip convince predict abstract aggressive ridiculous permanent controversial nowadays consequently

5 nowadays belief consequently shadow possession
二、单词运用 根据句子的意义及所给的首字母提示写出单词的适当形式，完成句子。 1.N______________, more and more families own cars. 2.There is a general b_________ that things will be soon get better. 3.She didn’t study at all, and c_______________, he failed all his exams. 4.In the evening you s__________ is longer than you are.. 5.He lost all his p_______________ in the tsunami and he is poor and homeless now. nowadays belief consequently shadow possession

6 permanent predict abstract convincing aim
6.He didn’t want to be a temporary staff in the company. He just wanted to work p____________ there. 7.Scientist can now p_________ when and where a hurricane will take place. 8.What you said really sounds a___________ . Could you explain it in details? 9.I had some difficulty c____________ the boss that I was the right man for the position. 10.The a________ of the project is to help the people who suffer aids. permanent predict abstract convincing aim

7 prediction exhibition valuable possessions aimlessly
三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The government predicted that the economy will improve. However, not many people agree with the _________________ . 2. His paintings were exhibited in the local art gallery last week and the ______________ is a great success. 3. Her necklace was valued at $30,000, which is quite ______________. 4. My granny possesses an ancient vase and it is one of her __________________ . 5. Jim has nothing to do today and he is walking on the street ____________ (aim). prediction exhibition valuable possessions aimlessly

8 scholarship permanently convincing belief civilization
6. I need some information of getting a _____________ (scholar) in your university. 7. After they got married, they decided to settle _______________ (permanent) in France. 8. With the teacher’s ______________ (convince) words, the students are determined to win the game. 9. There is a general __________ (believe) that things will soon get better. 10. Environmental damage threatens the whole of ____________ (civil). scholarship permanently convincing belief civilization

9 aim at take the place of focus on a great deal of attempt to do
四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。 1. ________________ 以……为目标 2. __________________ 取代 3. ________________ 把……集中…… 4. ________________ 大量 5. ________________ 试图做某事 6. ________________ 现代艺术 7. ________________ 值得 8. _________________ 拥有 aim at take the place of focus on a great deal of attempt to do modern art be worth in possession of

10 一串 9. a bunch of _______________
10. in the flesh __________________________ 11. in the late 19th century ___________________ 12. scores of _____________________ 13. the Renaissance ___________________ 14. would rather _______________________ 15. a professional artist ____________________ 16. convince sb. of sth. _____________________ 一串 现实生活中的; 本人 十九世纪末 许多;大量 文艺复兴(时期) 宁愿 一位职业艺术家 使某人信服某事

11 Computer can not take the place of human
五、词组运用 从上述短语中选择恰当的短语翻译下列句子。 1.电脑是不可以取代人类的，因为电脑是由人类控制的。 _______________________________________________because computer is controlled by human. 2.在文艺复兴时期，画家在作品中焦点是人而不是宗教。 During the renaissance, the paintings of the artists __________________________________________ 3.西湖很漂亮，很值得一游。 The West Lake is very beautiful, _____________________________________ Computer can not take the place of human didn’t focus on religion but people which is worth a visit.

12 Who is in possession of the property?
4.那个囚犯企图逃跑，但失败了。 The prisoner ______________________________ 5.这家化工排除大量的污水。 This chemical factory ___________________________ ______________________________________________ 6.有许多人等着比赛的结果。 _____________________________, waiting for the result of the match. 7.是谁拥有这些财产？ ________________________________________ attempted to escape, but failed. drained out a great deal of waste water. There were scores of people Who is in possession of the property?

13 He aimed at entering a key university.
8.这个小男孩尽力使他的父亲信服他的诚实。 The little boy tried to __________________________ __________________________________________ 9.他如此紧张以致到他不能集中精神考试。 He was so nervous that ______________________ 10.他的目标是考上一所重点大学。 _________________________________________ convince his father of his honesty. he couldn’t focus on his test. He aimed at entering a key university.

14 Language points

15 1.abstract adj.抽象的; 深奥的 n.摘要
an abstract concept 抽象概念 abstract philosophical problems 深奥的哲学问题 Her ideas seem a little abstract. 她的思想有点儿让人费解。 Astronomy is an abstract subject. 天文学是一门深奥的学科。 To make an abstract of a speech 将演说作 一摘要

16 in the abstract 就一般而言， 理论上来讲 abstract sth from sth 从某物中提炼出某物 我们将从理论上来考虑这个问题。 We will consider this problem _____ _____ _____. 将一本书做成一个摘要。 Make _____ _____ of a book. 橡胶是从树木提取的。 rubber is _________ from trees. in the abstract an abstract abstracted

17 2. faith n.信任，信赖，信心；信仰，信条
1)信念; 信任, 完全信赖(+in) [+that] He always puts his faith in the future. 他对未来总是抱有信心。 2)信仰; 宗教信仰; 信条(+in) People of every faith attended the mayor's funeral. 信仰不同宗教的人士出席了市长的葬礼。

18 3. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. consequently = as a result, therefore 因此 The bank refused to help the company; consequently, it went bankrupt. She overslept and, consequently, she was late.

19 It rained that day and ___ the baseball game was called off.
A. however B. still C. so D. consequently As a result of her mother’s illness, she left school. Her mother became ill; ____________ she left school. consequently

20 4. During the Renaissance, new ideas and values replaced those held in the Middle Ages.
文艺复兴时期，新的观点和价值观取代了中世纪人们坚持的观点和价值观。 take the place of = take one’s place = replace 代替

21 take place 发生, 举办 take one’s place 就座, 坐下 如果他不来的话, 谁会替代他呢? Who will take the place of him if he doesn’t come? Who will take his place if he doesn’t come ?

22 5. During the Middle Ages, the main aim of the painters was to represent religious themes.
中世纪，画家们的主要目的是表达宗教主题。 take aim at 瞄准 = aim at sth. be aimed at 旨在; 目的在于; 针对 with the aim of 有…的目的 without aim 无目的的, 胡乱地

23 这些措施旨在削减政府的开支。 These measures are ______ ____ government costs. 他没有瞄准就开枪。 He fired _______ ____. 他的人生没有目标。 He has____ ____ in life. aimed at without aim no aim

24 6. typical adj 典型的；有代表性的 Eg: a typical British summer 典型的英国夏天 typical + of 1)典型的,有代表性的 This painting is typical of his early work. 这幅画是他早期的代表作。 2) 特有的,独特的;表现特征的 It was typical of him to be so merciless. 只有他才会这么冷酷无情。

25 1.In a ______ display, colored streamers seem to race across the sky.
典型的一种现象是：彩色的光流划过天际。 2.This chair is ______ of Anthony's way of designing furniture. 这把椅子是安东尼式家具设计的代表。 typical typical

26 7. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions.
他们雇请著名艺术家来画他们，及他们的住宅和其他的财产。 possession 拥有, 占有, 所有, 领土, 领地, 财产(常用复数)

27 富人 个人财产 他放弃了这房子的所有权。 a man of great possessions personal possessions He gave up __________ of the house. possession

28 Sb…in possession of 某人拥有某物 Sth..in the possession of sb 为某人拥有 Sth..in one’s possession possess v. He possesses two cars. He is in possession of two cars. Two cars are in his possession. 他有两辆汽车。 你是怎样得到它的? How did you get ( take ) possession of it?

29 8. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. 人们初次看到他的作品，认为是通过在墙上的一个小孔看到了真实的场景。 convince vt. 使确信 说服 convince sb. of sth convince sb. to do sth. be convinced of sth

30 convinced to go convinced us of 我们说服她搭火车去。
We___________ her______ by train. 她试图使我们相信她的清白。 She tried to ________________ her innocence. 我坚信她是清白无辜的. convinced to go convinced us of

31 他劝我应该学法律。 He convinced me that I should study law. 花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪。 It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt. Everyone was convinced by his words.

32 9. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. 如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。 本句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气。如果条件从句中假设的情况不能实现，则是非真是条件句，要用虚拟语气。

33 If she were my daughter, I wouldn’t let her stay out the whole night
If I had had enough money, I would have bought a DV before travelling. 如果那时我有足够的钱，我会在旅行之前买一部数码摄像机的。

34 10. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. 巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看上去更丰富，更深沉。

35 这是which 引导的，是定语从句，指的是前面的句子 oil paints were also developed at this time。
类似的用法有： His wife died, which made his life change greatly. 他妻子去世了，这使得他的生活发生了巨大的变化。

36 11. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 没有新的颜料和新的（绘画）手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。

37 这里有without引动的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件，逐句用虚拟语气we would not be able to see。类似的用法有：
Without your help, he would not pass the test. 没有你的帮助，他就不能通过这次测试。

38 12. In the late 19th, Europe changed a great deal.
a great deal = a good deal 大量的; a great deal of = a good deal of 大量的; He ate ______________for supper yesterday. He ran _____________ faster than me. She is _____________ better today. She has _____________ experience. I have _______________work to do. I was ______________surprised. a great deal a great deal a great deal a great deal of a great deal of a great deal a great deal of money / information / water

39 13. Nowadays, there are scores of modern art styles.
There are scores of rooms in the hotel. I’ve seen the film scores of times. Scores of people were killed in the fight. 足球比赛的比分是四比一。 The score in the football game was

40 七十岁, 古稀之年 六十人 许多年前 three score (years) and ten three score of people scores of years ago 我需要一打铅笔. (二十只铅笔) 他买了三打啤酒. 我们去广州十几次了. I need a dozen pencils. I need a score of pencils. He bought three dozen bottles of beer. We have been to Guangzhou dozens of times.

41 1. He spent _____________money on books and __________his books are about space and satellite.
A great deal of, a good many of a good many; a great number of a large quantity of; a large amount of many; plenty of

42 2. She bought __________eggs yesterday, but there were ______________ them broken.
two scores of; scores of scores of; two scores of scores of; two score of score of; two score

43 14. The painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the objects. attempt n. 努力, 尝试, 企图 vt.尝试, 企图 The second question was so difficult that I didn’t even attempt it. I attempted to speak but was told to keep quiet. She made an attempt to lock the door.

44 15. on the other hand (可是） 另一方面
on the one hand 一方面 Eg: 1) On the one hand, she taught English; on the other hand she learned Chinese. 她一方面教英语，一方面学习汉语。 2) On the one hand I admire his gifts, but on the other hand I distrust his judgment. 一方面我承认他有天分，而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。

45 1) _________________, it may strike oil at a fairly high level.
另一方面，也可能在相当浅的地方打出油来。 2) I know this job of mine isn’t well paid, but________________ I don’t have to work long hours. 我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来讲来说，我也不必工作太长时间。 On the other hand on the other hand

46 16. predict  vt.预言，预测，预告 I can predict something with great accuracy. 我能很准确地预测某事。 预言;预料;预报[+that] [+wh-] He predicted that an earthquake was imminent. 他预言即将发生地震。 He predicted a good harvest. 他预言丰收

47 1.The economists _________ an increase in the rate of inflation.
经济学家预言通货膨胀率将会增长。 predicted   2.It’s hard to _______ when it will happen. 很难预见这件事何时发生。 predict

48 Useful structure ( 20ms ) The Subjunctive Mood

49 The Subjunctive Mood I. 概念: II. 形式:
语气是用来表示谈话人的态度和看法的动词形式. 英语有三种语气: ①陈述语气(同陈述句)②祈使语气(同祈使句), ③虚拟语气. 虚拟语气不表示一个事实,而是表示一种假设情况. II. 形式: 虚拟语气的动词形式在条件状语从句中, 其 主从句形式有较固定的形式要求(见III.用法1),在 名词性从句中多用should +原形, 在定语从句, wish后面所接的宾语从句, 以及其它状语从句 中用过去时.

50 III. 用法: 1. 用于条件状语从句中: 构 成 主从 句 虚拟条件 从句 主 句 例 句 时态 与现在事实相反的 假设
主 句 例 句 时态 与现在事实相反的 假设 If + 主语 + 动词过去时 (be用 were) 主语 + would/ should/could/ might + 动词 原形 If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If you had taken my advice, you’d have passed the exam. 与过去事实相反的 假设 主语 + would/ should/could/ might + have + 过去分词 If + 主语 + had +过去分词

51 构 成 主从 句 虚拟条件 从句 主 句 例 句 时态 ①If + 主语 + 动词的过去时 ② If + 主语 + were to + 动词原形 ③ If + 主语 + should + 动词原形 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next week. 主语 + would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 与将来情况相反的 假设

52 Practice: Fill in the blanks with proper forms: He _________ (tell) you if he ______ (know), I’m sure. 2. If I ____ (have) more time, I ___________ (learn) another foreign language. 3. If he ______ (be) here, he __________ (show) us how to perform the experiment. 4. If I ______ (be) you, I _________ (pay) more attention to English idioms. 5. I ___________ (help) you if I ______ (can). 6. If I ____________ (receive) your , I ______ ______________ (answer) it long ago. would tell knew would learn had were would show were would pay would help could had received have answered would

53 7. If you ___________ (start) the work earlier, you ___________________ (finish) it by now.
8. If we __________ (not rely) on our own streng-th we ________________ (die) of starvation. 9. If I __________ (know) your address, I ________ ____________(write) to you then. 10. If I ___________ (not be) busy, I ____________ (come) to help. 11. If we ___________ (start) out five minutes later, we __________________ (miss) the train. 12. You _______________ (meet) the famous scientist if you __________ (come) yesterday. had started would have finished hadn’t relied would have died had known would have written would have come hadn’t been had started would have missed would have met had come

54 were to tell would be 13. If I __________ (tell) him, he __________ (be) greatly surprised. 14. If I __________ (do) it, I ______ probably _____ (do) it in the same way. 15. If he _______________ (be) here tomorrow, you ___________ (ask) him about it yourself. 16. We _________ (be) very pleased if you _____ _________ (attend) the gathering tonight. 17. I ___________ (ask) him to ring you up if I ____________________________ (see) him. 18. If you ___________ (can get) back next week, we _________ (go) camping together. were to do would do were / should be could ask would be were to attend would ask saw / should see / were to see could get would go

55 2. 用于名词性从句中: 1) 用于主语从句中: (1)用在 It is suggested / requested / demanded ordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted + that 从句中, 从句用 (should) + 动词原形: eg: It’s suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. It was ordered that the wounded soldiers be sent to the field hospital at once. (2)用在 It is necessary / important / strange / odd / natural / surprising / essential / best / appropriate / shocking / sad / regrettable / a pity / a shame / no wonder / has been decided /+ that 从句中, 从句用 (should) + 动 词原形 :

56 eg: It is necessary that the customs of all
national minorities be respected. It is strange that he should have said so. It’s a pity that I should do it again. It is a great pity that he should be so careless. It is not surprising that Alfred should have married Amy. 但(2)部分也可不用虚拟语气: eg: It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.

57 2) 用于宾语从句中: 在wish后用动词(情态动词)的过去时,进行时,如果与过去事实相反,动词用过去完成时:
eg. How I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky! I wish I had not made so many mistakes in the last exam. How I wish it weren’t raining now! (2)在would rather后用过去时: eg. I’d rather you came tomorrow. (3)在advise, demand, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest后用should + 动词原形, should可以省略:

58 eg. He suggested we (should) start off early
the next day. We insisted they not be present at such gathering. He ordered that all (should) take part in the work. They requested that we (should) have lunch with them. 但是: 当suggest表示“暗示,表明” insist表示“坚 持认为”时,不用虚拟语气: eg. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

59 3) 用于表语从句中: (1) 在advice, demand, order, proposal, request,
suggestion 等后面的表语从句中: eg. My advice is that he wait till next week. Her suggestion is that we should learn all the texts by heart. The general’s order was that all the soldiers reach the border in ten hours. (2) 当as if, as though 引导表语从句时: eg. He looks as if he were an artist. They appear as though they had been friends for years.

60 4) 用于同位语从句中: 在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的同位语从句中, 如: Eg. We all agree to his suggestion that we go to the Happy Valley for an outing. Order came that the soldiers be sent to the border. Here is the doctor’s advice that you should take the medicine 4 times a day.

61 3. 用于定语从句中: 在It is (high) time that 句型中, 定语从句的谓语动词用过去时, 或should + 动词原形(should不能省略): eg. It is (high) time that you went to school. It’s time you did something about it. It is (high) time that we should start out.

62 1)当as if, as though, even if, even though 引导
4. 用于其它状语语从句中: 1)当as if, as though, even if, even though 引导 状语从句时,从句用动词的过去时. 如: eg. She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America. It was the first time they had met, but they acted as though they had been friends for ages. Even if he were here, he couldn’t solve the problem. I wouldn’t go to Iraq to try my luck even though it were easy to make money there.

63 此类情况也可不用虚拟语气, 如: eg. It looks as if it is going to rain. I’ll help you, as though l don’t sleep for a night. Even if I have to walk all the way, I’ll get there. I like her even though she can be annoying sometimes.

64 2) 当in case, lest, for fear that等引导状语从句时,
从句用(should +) 原形动词. 如 : eg. Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. I shall ring you up lest you (should) forget to come. I took an umbrella along with me for fear that it should/might rain. 在此类情况中, in case引导状语从句也可不用虚拟语气, 如: eg. Take your umbrella, in case it rains.

65 eg. If only I were a bird! If only I hadn’t lost it!
If only I had known her telephone number / address! If only I hadn’t lost it! If only the letter had arrived in time! 6. May + 动词原形，表示祝愿.如: May the friendship between our two peoples last forever! May you succeed! May the plan work!

66 were would be came went had
Revision: The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气 1. 与现在情况相反的假设 If everyone knew first aid, many lives would be saved. (If) did, would do ( should / could / might ) If I________(be) you,I would go to the cinema tonight. If you saw the film,you __________ ( be) very excited. If they________ (come) ,we could go there together. If we _______ ( go ) together,we would have a good time. If I _______ (have ) enough money, I could buy a new house. were would be came went had

67 2. 与过去情况相反的假设 had come would have repaired had repaired had got up
1) If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, there would have been more deaths. 2) If you had studied hard, you would have passed the exam. (If) had done, would have done ( should / could / might ) If you __________ ( come ) earlier, you wouldn’t have been late. If I had taken money with me yesterday, I __________________ (repair ) my watch. If I ___________ (repair ) my watch, I would have got up early. If I_____________ (get up ) early, I wouldn’t have been late. had come would have repaired had repaired had got up

68 3. 与将来情 况相反的假设： would stay would have should have / were to have / had
If you should come tomorrow, I would go fishing with you. If you were to come tomorrow, … If you came tomorrow, … should do, (If) were to do, would do(should / could / might) did If it should rain tomorrow, I ___________ ( stay ) at home. If I were to stay at home, I ____________ ( have ) a good rest. If I _________________________________ a good rest, I could put my heart into study next week. would stay would have should have / were to have / had

69 高考实战: -- If he _____, he _____ that food.
-- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken

70 3. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you _____
so tired. A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got 4. – I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -- Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 5. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had