Grammar A Using a, an and the 冠词.

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1 Grammar A Using a, an and the 冠词

2 New words and phrases: cage n. 笼子，鸟笼 across prep. 在…对面;穿过,横过 inside prep. 在…里面 outside prep. 在…外面 above prep. 在…上面 below prep. 在…下面 sign n. 指示牌 over prep. 在…上面 bench n. 长椅

3 Can you read them? 1 /keidʒ/ /ə`krɒs/ 3 /ˌin`said/ /ˌaʊt`said/ 5 /ə`bʌv/ /bi`ləʊ/ 7 /sain/ /`əʊvə(r)/ 9 /bentʃ/

4 重点归纳： 1、冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。
2、冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。不定冠词a/an常用来泛指某 人或某物，定冠词the常用来指特定的某人或某物。

5 a panda It is ________ . The panda is eating bamboo.

6 a monkey It is ________ . The monkey is eating an apple

7 It is __________ . an elephant The elephant __________ is walking .

8 an apple It is ________ . The apple is red.

9 Watch and discuss in groups the difference between a and an
a panda an elephant a monkey an apple 结论：a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。

10 注意：an是放于元音音素前，而不是元音字母前。
小试身手：用a或an填空 a a an ___ lion ___bird ___orange ___“L” ___giraffe ___ old man ___ “u” ___umbrella ___ interesting book ___ hour ___ honest boy a an an an a an an an 注意：an是放于元音音素前，而不是元音字母前。

11 l [el], m [em], n [en],r [a:], s [es], x [eks]
26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的字母有： a, e, i, o, f [ef], h [eitʃ], l [el], m [em], n [en],r [a:], s [es], x [eks] 11

12 Fun in the zoo (P47) 1 a 2 a 3 The 4 the 5 an 6 a 7 a 8 an 9 the 10 the

13 Notes: 1 lie on the grass 躺在草地上 lie on 躺在…上 lying是lie的现在分词形式 2 look like 看起来像… 3 in an open area 在一片开放的区域 4 in a very big cage在一个很大的笼子里 5 What can you see across it? 你能看到桥对面有什么？ 6 go across the bridge 走过桥

14 不定冠词a、an的用法 1、表示一类人或事物中的“任何” 一个，相当于汉语中“一”，但不用 于强调数目的概念。 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。 3、表示单位

15 定冠词the的用法 1、文章中第一次出现的可数名词前 用a (an)，下次再出现此名词时则 用the 2、序数词前表示顺序时 3、形容词最高级前 4、用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名 词前

16 6、表示东、南、西、北的名词前 7、姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家 人或一姓的夫妇二人 8、the＋普通名词构成专有名词。 9、play＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加the。 10、the＋形容词（形容词名词化），表示一类人或事物 11、用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群 岛名称的前面

17 定冠词(the) 1. 用于上文提到过的人或事物。 eg. I want to have a fashion show.
Where can I have the show? 2. 用于谈话双方都知道的人或事物， 表示“这/那个”。 eg. Who’s behind the door? Look at the blackboard.

18 3. 用于世界上独一无二的事物。 eg. the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the Great Wall, the Summer Palace 4. 用于乐器名词前。 eg. play the piano, play the violin, play the guitar 5. 用于某些adj.前表示一类人或事物。 eg. the poor/rich, the old/young

19 6. 用于姓氏复数前，表示“…夫妇/一家人”。
eg. The Whites often have a party in the garden. 7. 用于序数词、adj.最高级前。 eg. He’s the third child of his family. I want to go to the biggest cinema. 8. 用于一些固定短语中。 eg. in the front/middle of …, in the morning, at the same time, in the centre of …

20 1.We live on ___third floor of the tall building.
小试身手：用适当的冠词填空，为什么？ 1.We live on ___third floor of the tall building. 2.____ Whites are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day. 3.My cousin ,Amy,like playing ___ violin. 4.____ Earth goes around ___ sun. 5.I believe you are ____best singer . 6.____ rich should try their best to help ___ poor. 7 –I can see ___ kite over there. the The the The the the The the a

21 --Where’s ___ kite? I can’t see it.
8 There’s ___ famous university in this city. 9 Everyone has ___ mouth, ___ nose, two eyes and two ears. 10 Which is the biggest, ___ Sun, ___ Earth, or ___ Moon? the a a a the the the

22 不用冠词的场合 1、表示季节、月份的名词前一般不加冠词。 2、表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。 3、学科、国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。 4、在一些专有名词（语言、地名、节假日）之前不加冠词 5 表示一日三餐的名词前不加冠词 6、表示交通工具的手段时，用by＋名词表 示，该名词前不用冠词。

23 9、球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。 10、名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定 代词、名词所有格

24 不用冠词的情况 1. 专有名词/不可数名词前 eg. China, Nanjing listen to music, drink milk
2. 名词前已有this, that, each/every, some, any或物主代词 3. 复数名词表示一类人或事物 eg. My parents are teachers. I like cakes and bananas.

25 4. 称呼语或表示头衔的名词前 eg. After lunch Aunt Lily came. Mr. Lee was very polite. 5. 星期、月份、季节、节日前 eg. on Monday, in January, in summer, Today is Father’s Day. 6. 三餐和球类运动名称前 7. 一些固定短语中 eg. by plane, go to school/work, after school, at midnight, at work

26 一试身手:用a, an, the或“/”填空 1.--Is there __ post office near your home. --Yes .It’s at the end of ___ road. 2.Is __ New York ___ capital of __ America? 3.Are you going to play __ basketball after school. 4.--I can see __ kite just now. --Where is ___ kite now? a the / the / / a the

27 《补充习题》 P29 A1 1 a, The, the 2 a, an, the 3 a, the 4 the, the, the 5 /, the A2 1 a 2 a 3 The 4 a 5 The 6 the 7 the 8 the 9 a 10 an

28 P31 A 1 a CD 2 music 3 the CD 4 a pair of trainers 5 volleyball 6 a book 7 an interesting trip 8 the moon 9 the book

29 Grammar B Prepositions of place 方位介词
方位介词常用来表示物体的位置

30 ↘ ↖ over above on behind next to in on the right on the left inside ↖
in the middle of beside ↘ outside in front of under below

31 方位介词 含义 注意 at 在…处 指在某一点,常用于较小的地点 in 相对于at,常用于较大的地点 on 在…上 在某一平面上 above 在…上方 表示“高于某物” below 在…下方 表示“低于某物” over 在垂直正上方,不接触表面 under 在垂直正下方,不接触表面 opposite 在…对面

32 在某物外部的前面，注意与in the front of的区别,后者指“在某物内部的前面”
方位介词 含义 注意 in front of 在…前面 在某物外部的前面，注意与in the front of的区别,后者指“在某物内部的前面” behind 在…后面 在某物的后面 inside 在…里面 outside 在…外面 beside 在…旁边 next to 相当于beside between 在…中间 between表示在两者之间，among表示“在三者（或以上）之间”

33 一试身手：用适当的方位介词填空 The man is ______ the tree. The hills are ______the forest. The birds are ___the tree . The chair is _______the basket and the table. under behind in between

34 In the park (P48) 1.on 2.Beside/Next to 3.on 4.In front of 5.in 6.under 7.Between 8.on 1 on the left 在左边 2 on the right 在右边 3 chat on the bench 在长椅上聊天

35 We study ___ school every
day. at Tom lives ___ Washington D.C., the USA. in

36 A cat is sleeping ___ the balcony.

37 Grandpa Zhang is _________.
The little girl is __________. on the left on the right

38 outside inside The first bear is ______ the box. The second bear is ______ the box. inside outside

39 Some people are standing _________ the spring(喷泉). in front of There are some fruits ______ the boy. behind

40 hotel and the restaurant. between
The bank is _______ the hotel and the restaurant. between There are some butterflies ______ the flowers. among

41 A waiter is ____________
Amy. next to/beside An office worker is _______ the desk. opposite

42 Notes: 1 The flowers are in front of the shop. 花在商店的前面。 in front of指"在某物外部的前面”,而in the front of则指"在某物内部的前面” 2 inside the shop 在商店里面 3 outside the shop 在商店外面 4 above the drinks 在饮料的上方 5 below the food 在食物的下方 6 The sign is over the bench. 指示牌在长椅的上方。

43 Test ( )1.We live on ______third floor the tall building A. a B. an C. the D./ ( )2.I like playing ____ basketball, while my sister likes playing the piano A. a B. an C. the D./ ( )3.There are about 365 days in __ year A. a B. an C. the D./ C D A

44 ( )4.---What do you want to be
when you grow up? ---I want to be ___ social worker. Many people need our help A. a B. an C. the D./ ( )5.______Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day A. a B. an C. the D./ A C

45 ( )6. ---Why are you standing ,Alice
( )6.---Why are you standing ,Alice? ---I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting __ me A. behind B. next to C. beside D. in front of ( )7.What a sunny day !Let’s go boating ___ the lake, shall we? A. on B. in C. over D. above D A

46 Can you spell them? 1 /keidʒ/ /ə`krɒs/ 3 /ˌin`said/ /ˌaʊt`said/ 5 /ə`bʌv/ /bi`ləʊ/ 7 /sain/ /`əʊvə(r)/ 9 /bentʃ/