Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

The Physical Examination of Abdomen (3)_ Percussion

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "The Physical Examination of Abdomen (3)_ Percussion"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Physical Examination of Abdomen (3)_ Percussion
原南京中大附属医院神内科主任、硕士生导师 佛山大学医学院医学系孟红旗教授、主任医师 Professor、Doctor director 、Neurologist

2 Percussion Percussion is used to demonstrate the presence of gaseous distension and fluid or solid masses The size of the organ and Percussion pain

3 腹部叩诊在于叩知某些脏器的大小和叩痛,腹腔内有无积气、积液和包块等。 直接叩诊法和间接叩诊法均可用于腹部,但一般多采用间接叩诊法。

4 一、Abdomen Percussion Sound
All four quadrant of abdomen are evaluated by percussion Tympany is the most commom percussion note in abdomen presence of gas within the stomach,small bowel,colon.

5 Dullness exists in liver (right hypochondrium region)
spleen (left hypochondrium region) distended urinary bladder (suprapubic area) enlarged uterus (suprapubic area) psoas (back side)

6 Increasing in Dullness region
organ swell tumor ascites Increasing in tympany gaseous distension perforation

7 正常情况下,腹部叩诊大部分区域均为鼓音,只有肝、脾所在部位, 增大的膀胱和子宫占据的部位及两侧腹部近腰肌处叩诊为浊音。

8 Percussion of Liver upper border of liver right midclavicular line
right anterior axillary line right scapular line relative dullness area absolute dullness area

9 lower border of liver right midclavicular line Anterior median line tympany dullness

10 二、肝脏的叩诊 用叩诊法定肝上界时,沿右锁骨中线、右腋中线和右肩胛线,由肺部向下叩向腹部。当由清音转为浊音时,即为肝上界。又称肝相对浊音界,再向下叩1~2肋间,则浊音变为实音,称肝绝对浊音界。(肺下界)

11 Normal Liver Border upper border
right midclavicular line the fifth interspace right axillary line the senenth interspace right scapular line the tenth interspace lower border right midclavicular line right costal margin

12 Measurement Size right midclavicular line 9-11cm
anterior median line 4-8cm

13 正常肝脏叩诊大小 右锁骨中线上上界在第5肋间,下界位于右季肋下缘。二者之间的距离为肝上下径,约9~11cm;在右腋中线上肝上界为第7肋间,下界相当于第10肋骨水平;在右肩胛线上其上界为第10肋间

14 Change of Liver Border Increasing in liver dullness area
liver carcinoma, liver abscess, hepatitis, polycystic Decreasing in liver dullness area acute hepatic necrosis, cirrhosis, gaseous distension Absence of liver dullness area acute perforation of hollow viscus

15 Percussion Tenderness of Liver and Gallbladder

16 肝浊音界扩大 肝癌、肝脓肿、 肝炎、肝淤血、多囊肝等。 肝浊音界缩小 急性肝坏死、 肝硬化和胃肠胀气等 肝浊音界消失 代之鼓音胃 肠穿孔等。 肝区叩击痛 肝炎、肝脓肿。胆囊叩击痛 胆囊炎

17 Traube Area Traube area 9.5cm×6.0cm

18 胃泡鼓音区 胃泡鼓音区(traube区)位于左前胸下部,呈半圆形为胃底穹窿含气而形成。上界为横膈及肺下缘,下界为肋弓,左界为脾,右界为肝左缘。大小受胃泡含气量的多少和周围器官组织病变的影响traube区大小变化。

19 三、Percussion of Spleen
route left midaxillary line normal spleen border left midaxillary line the ninth-eleventh interspace longitude 4-7cm Change of spleen border increasing enlarged spleen decreasing gastric dialation, left pneumothorax

20 脾叩诊 脾浊音区叩诊采用轻扣法,在左腋中线上进行。正常人在左腋中线第9~11肋间可叩到脾浊音区,其长度约为4~7cm前方不超过腋前线。脾浊音区扩大见于各种原因所致脾肿大。脾浊音区缩小见于左侧气胸、胃扩张等

21 四、Shifting Dullness The quantity of ascites is more than 1000ml

22 Percussion of ascites tympany dullness

23 Shifting Dullness 让被检查者仰卧,自腹中部开始,向两侧腹部叩诊,出现浊音时,板指手不离开腹壁,令被检查者右侧卧,使板指在腹的最高点,再叩诊,呈鼓音,当叩诊向腹下侧时,叩音又为浊音,再令被检查者左侧卧,同样方法叩击,这种因体位不同而出现的浊音区变动现象称移动性浊音。

24 Shifting Dullness supine tympany dullness tympany dullness
lateral position

25 Manipulation

26 移动性浊音 腹腔内有较多的液体存留时,因重力关系,液体多潴积于腹腔内的低处,在此扣诊呈浊音 移动性浊音是发现腹腔有无积液的重要检查方法。当腹腔内游离腹水在1000ml以上时,即可查出移动性浊音。

27 Differential diagnosis between Ovarian cyst and ascites

28 Differential diagnosis between Ovarian cyst and ascites
tympany tympany dullness dullness ovarian cyst ascites

29 Ruler Pressing test

30 易误诊为腹水原因鉴别: 巨大卵巢囊肿, 鉴别要点(1)卵巢囊肿所致浊音区仰卧时在腹中部,鼓音区在腹部两侧。(2)卵巢囊肿浊音区不呈移动性;(3)尺压试验(ruler pressing test)可予鉴别。

31 五、Percussion of ridge costal angle

32 Sensitive to percussion in ridge costal angle

33 肋脊角叩诊 用于检查肾脏病变。检查时,患者采取坐位或侧卧位,医师用手掌平放在其肋脊角处(肾区),右手握拳叩击左手背。正常时肋脊角处无叩痛,当有肾炎、肾盂肾炎、肾结石、肾结核及肾周围炎时,肾区有不同程度的叩击痛。

34 六、Bladder Percussion Location:suprapubic area Empty bladder tympany
Filling with urinary dullness

35 膀胱叩诊在耻骨联合上方进行,膀胱空虚时,因耻骨上方有肠管存在,叩诊呈鼓音,叩不出膀胱的轮廓。当膀胱内有尿液充盈时,耻骨上方叩诊呈圆形浊音区。

36 考试题 一、腹部叩诊(胃泡鼓音区叩诊、移动性浊音叩诊、肋脊角叩诊)(18分)

37 (1)胃泡鼓音区(Traube区)(4分); 左前胸下部肋缘上鼓音区方法正确,能叩出其大致范围。(2分) 能说出其如何形成。(2分)

38 (2)移动性浊音叩诊方法正确(8分) 让被检查者仰卧,自腹中部开始,向两侧腹部叩诊,出现浊音时,板指手不离开腹壁,令被检查者右侧卧,使板指在腹的最高点,再叩诊,呈鼓音,当叩诊向腹下侧时,叩音又为浊音,再令被检查者左侧卧,同样方法叩击,这种因体位不同而出现的浊音区变动现象称移动性浊音。

39 (3)脊肋角叩击痛检查方法正确(4分) 检查时,被检查者采取坐位或侧卧位,检查者用左手掌平放在患者脊肋角处,手握拳用轻到中等的力量叩击左手背。

40 (4) 提问(3个,由考官任选2个)(2分) ①胃泡鼓音区(Traube区)消失说明什么问题?(1分) 答:胃泡鼓音区上界为隔肌及肺下缘,下界为肋弓,左界为脾脏,右界为肝左缘,长径为5-13cm,横径为2.7-10cm,若鼓音区明显缩小提示重度脾脏增大,胸腔积液,肝左叶增大等。 若鼓音区明显缩小提示脾肿大,急性胃扩张或溺水患者。 ②什么叫移动性浊音?代表什么?(1分) 答:有腹水。 ③一侧肋脊角叩击痛考虑什么?双侧肋脊角叩击痛考虑什么?(1分) 答:有肾炎、肾结石、肾结核等。

41 二、膀胱叩诊 (一)体位 (二)手法 (三)叩诊部位正确(下界、左右两界半圆形的浊音区)。 三、移动性浊音的检查 问题:麦氏点压痛常见于何种疾病?

42 三、肋脊角的检查 (一)站位正确 (二)手法正确 1、肋脊角的选择正确 2、叩击操作正确


Download ppt "The Physical Examination of Abdomen (3)_ Percussion"

Similar presentations


Ads by Google