Unit 7 College Life.

Unit 7 College Life

Unit 7 Menu of Preparation
Talking About Your High School Classmates Talking About Your College Life Video Clip College Students at Different Times Famous Quotes

1.Talking About Your High School Classmates
Directions: Work in groups and tell your group members how many of your high-school classmates are enrolled in universities, colleges and institutes; the location of the institutions; what their majors are. Listed below are some of the names of colleges and majors for your reference.

Do you know this? national key university 全国重点大学
综合性大学 comprehensive university normal university / college 师范大学/学院 poly-technical university / institute of technology 工业大学/理工学院财经大学/学院 university / institute of finance and economics 专科学校 junior college 职业学校 vocational school 寄宿学校 boarding school

Talking About Your High School Classmates
Different kinds of colleges and universities normal university/teachers’ college (师范大学/学院) polytechnic/institute of technology (理工学院) institute/college of finance and economics (财经学院) institute of chemical engineering (化工学院) medical university (医科大学) agricultural university (农业大学) university of science and technology (科技大学) junior college (专科学校)

Talking About Your High School Classmates
Majors: Mathematics 数学 Physics 物理 Chemistry 化学 Mechanical Engineering 机械工程 Chemical Engineering 化学工程 Electrical Engineering 电学工程 Civil Engineering 土木工程 Information Science 信息科学 Computer Science 计算机科学 Mechanics 机械学 Architecture 建筑 Biochemistry 生物化学 Management 管理学 International Trade 国际贸易 International Finance 国际金融 Energy能源学

Majors: Medicine 医学 Geology 地质学 Philosophy 哲学 Law 法学 Economics 经济学
Earth Science 地球科学 Agronomy 农学 Microelectronics 微电子学 Materials 材料学 Environmental Science 环境科学 Life Science 生命科学 Diplomatic Relations 国际关系 Aerospace and Aeronautics 航空航天学 Urban Planning 城市规划 Journalism 新闻学 Biology 生物学 Mass Media 大众传媒

Useful Words and Expressions
I graduated from… 我毕业于······ I major in… / My major is… 我的专业是······ national entrance examination 高考 key national universities 国家重点大学 be enrolled in 被······录取

Sample -1 I graduated from __________ High School, a key high school in __________ province. Among the 50 students in my class, 48 are enrolled in universities, mostly national key universities. Three went to Beijing University and two to Tsinghua University. The three who went to Beijing University are majoring in Law, Philosophy and Physics respectively and the two who went to Tsinghua University are majoring in Computer Science and Information Science. In this university alone there are five of us, doing different majors. Three of my former classmates are enrolled in normal universities, one in Beijing Normal University, one in South China Normal University and one in East China Normal University.

Sample -2 Among the 54 students in my class, I’m the only one enrolled in a key national university. There are 14 others who were accepted by some provincial universities or other colleges or junior colleges. Their majors vary greatly, covering most of the engineering fields. Among the 14 former classmates, four are now studying in Shanghai, two in Shandong, three in Beijing and the others in other parts of the country. Though dissatisfied with their universities or colleges, they are quite happy with their majors.

2.Talking About Your College Life
Directions: Work in groups and discuss: 1) your idea of college life before you came to college (including the campus, classroom buildings, dormitories, students’ cafeterias, library, classmates, teachers, etc.) 2) the similarities and differences between your expectations and the reality

Useful Words and Expressions
campus (校园) teaching building (教学楼) office building (办公楼) dormitory (宿舍), dining hall (食堂), sports ground (操场), modern facilities (现代设施), dialects (方言), a large collection of books (藏书很多), gray-haired teachers, wear glasses (戴眼镜)

Samples -1 A. Campus: Expectations —
large and beautiful campus with green grass everywhere and a large sports ground, where you can always see students busy and full of vitality Reality — large campus but only a little grass B. Classroom buildings: large new classrooms with modern facilities old with no modern facilities C. Dormitories: crowded with little space for everyone true

Samples -2 D. Students’ cafeterias: E. Library Expectations —
spacious dining halls, full of hungry students Reality — true except that there are many teacher diners as well E. Library a large collection of books, journals and periodicals; spacious and well-lit reading rooms true except that the reading rooms are not large enough and students have to get there early in order to find a seat

Samples -3 F. Classmates G. Teachers Expectations —
friendly and speaking different dialects Reality — true G. Teachers old, gray-haired and wearing thick glasses; strict and formally dressed not true because many teachers are very young, especially English teachers; many teachers do not wear glasses and many teachers wear casual clothes

Video Clip A Debate Click to enjoy the video clip

3. College Students at Different Times
Directions: Look at the pictures of college students in 1910s-20s, 1960s-70s, as well as college students today. Work in groups to compare and contrast their characteristics according to what you see or what you know about them. Then report your findings to the class. 1910s — 1920s college students 1960s — 1970s college students Present day college students

4. 名句欣赏 Quote: A University should be a place of light, of liberty, and of learning. Benjamin Disraeli ( ), British statesman One of the benefits of a college education is to show the boy its little avail. Waldo Emerson ( ), U.S. essayist, poet, philosopher University degrees are a bit like adultery: you may not want to get involved with that sort of thing, but you do not want to be thought incapable. Peter, Sir Imbert (b. 1933), British police commissioner.

New College English II Unit 11
Unit 11 Menu of Word Study Key Words Study Vocabulary Exercises Key & Explanations to the Quiz New College English II Unit 11

Menu of Key Words Study adequate crucial deadline deserve erase formulate forgiving 8. garrulous 9. pop 10. preparatory 11. quote 12. slipshod 13. tolerant 14. toss New College English II Unit 11

1. adequate -1 1. adequate -1 adj. 充足的，足够的【课本句】 College has deprived you of adequate preparation for the last 50 years. 在过去的50年中，大学使你们丧失了得到充分培养的机会。【例句】 Your composition is not adequate to convey your ideas. 你的作文没有完全表达出你的观点。 New College English II Unit 11

adequate -2 2. The supply is not adequate to the demand. 供不应求。 inadequate adj. 不够的 adequacy n. 足够，充分 adequateness n. 足够，充分【同义词】 enough, sufficient New College English II Unit 11

2. crucial 【课本句】 … make crucial decisions on our own… 我们自己作出关键性的决定······ 【例子】 a crucial decision 关键性的决定 2. At that crucial moment, he acted bravely and decisively. 在紧要关头，他表现得勇敢而果断。 New College English II Unit 11

3. deadline -1 n. 最后期限，截止日期【课本句】 1. When your work came in beyond the deadline, we pretended not to care. 你们的作业到期未交，我们也装作不在乎。 2. … when deadlines are not kept… ······当超过了期限······ 【常用搭配】 the deadline for + 名词/动名词 ······的截止日期 keep/meet the deadline 在截止日期内 before the deadline 在截止日期前 miss the deadline 过了截止日期 beyond the deadline 超出截止日期 New College English II Unit 11

deadline -2 【例句】 1. Monday is the deadline for handing in this essay. 星期一是交文章的最后期限。 2. We are working to a tight deadline. 我们的工作期限很紧。 3. You must mail all your application materials before the deadline. 你必须在截止日期之前寄走你所有的申请材料。 4. There is no way we can meet the deadline. 我们决不可能在截止日期前作完。 New College English II Unit 11

4. deserve -1 v. 值得，应得【课本句】 You will be ill-advised to demand praise for what does not deserve it, and abuse those who do not give it. 如果你们想要得到本不属于你们的赞赏或诋毁那些不表扬你们的人，那就太不明智了。【常用搭配】 deserve + n. 值得······ deserve to do sth. 值得做······ 【例句】 Your proposal deserves serious consideration. 你的建议值得认真考虑。 2. He deserves to lose because he cheats. 他该输，因为他作弊。 New College English II Unit 11

deserve -2 【固定搭配】 to deserve well of 应受到······之优待【例句】 He deserves well of his country. 他应得国家的优待。 New College English II Unit 11

5. erase vt. 擦掉（尤指铅笔字）；抹去，清除【课本句】… the teacher won’t erase the grade even if he thinks you will hate him for the rest of your life. 即使老师知道你终生会记恨他，他也不会改动你的成绩。【常用搭配】erase A from B 把A从B上清除【例句】 erase the pencil marks 擦掉铅笔的痕迹 2. All trace of the deal has been erased from the record. 交易的所有痕迹都已从纪录上抹去了。【记忆】 erasable adj. 可擦掉的，可抹掉的 eraser n. 橡皮擦 New College English II Unit 11

6. formulate vt. 明确地表达，清楚地提出【课本句】… before formulating such a strong opinion about it. ······形成这么偏激的观点之前······ 【例子】 formulate one’s ideas into a theory 系统地阐述自己的思想，使之成为理论。 2. In the letter to his daughter, he formulated his thoughts against her marriage. 在他给女儿的信中，他明确地表达了对她婚事的反对。【记忆】 formulation n. 明确的表达 New College English II Unit 11

7. forgiving adj. 宽容的，宽恕的【课本句】For years we created an altogether forgiving world, … 多年来，我们创造了一个完全包容的世界。【记忆】词根为动词 forgive 原谅，宽恕 forgivable adj. 可宽恕的，可原谅的 forgiveness n. 宽恕，原谅 New College English II Unit 11

8. garrulous adj. 爱说话的，絮叨的【课本句】When you were garrulous and talked to hear yourselves talk, we listened as if it mattered. 当你们喋喋不休地唠叨时，我们认真倾听，似乎你们所说的事关重大。【例句】 We are fed up with what the garrulous old lady said. 我们已经对那位爱唠叨的老太太所说的话感到厌烦了。 New College English II Unit 11

9. pop -1 v. 冷不防地出现（或发生），（突然）冒出【课本句】These are questions that pop into my mind when I think about what Neusner says. 当我琢磨诺伊斯那所说的话时，脑子里冒出了这些问题。【常用搭配】pop into one’s mind 突然想到 pop up 突然出现 New College English II Unit 11

pop -2 【例句】 1. An idea popped into his mind like a flash. 他的头脑里突然闪过一个念头。 2. Suddenly she popped out /up from behind the bush. 她冷不防地从灌木丛后钻了出来。 3. Some difficulties have just popped up. 突然出现了一些问题。 New College English II Unit 11

10. preparatory adj. 准备阶段的【课本句】… college is not a good preparatory school for life… 大学并不是进入现实生活的很好的预备学校。【例子】 1. a preparatory committee for a congress 大会的筹备委员会 2. She is busy getting things together preparatory to a journey. 她正忙着收拾东西准备旅行。【记忆】词根为动词 prepare v.准备 prepared adj. 有准备的，准备好的 preparative adj. 准备的，筹备的 preparedness n. 有准备，做好准备 New College English II Unit 11

11. quote v. 引用【课本句】Let me quote someone you’ve never heard of… 让我引用一段你们从来没有听说过的话。【常用搭配】quote sth. 引用某人的话 quote sb. sth. / quote sth. to sb. 给某人引用······ 【例子】 quote a passage from the Bible 引用《圣经》中的一段文字　 2. She quoted us several verses. / She quoted several verses to us. 她给我们引用了几句诗。 New College English II Unit 11

12. slipshod adj. 不认真的，粗鲁的，无理的【课本句】… why you could take pride in routine and slipshod presentation. 为什么你们会为刻板、拙劣的发言报告感到骄傲。【例子】 1. Don’t be slipshod in your work, or you’ll be fired. 工作一定要认真，否则你会被解雇的。 2. a slipshod style 散漫的作风 New College English II Unit 11

13. tolerant -1 adj. 容忍的，宽容的【课本句】At college, we must learn to budget our time and to be tolerant. 在大学里，我们必须学会筹划时间，学会宽容。【常用搭配】 be tolerant of 【例句】 Mr. Smith is not tolerant of contradiction. 史密斯先生不能容忍别人反驳。 New College English II Unit 11

tolerant -2 2. I think on average men are less tolerant of stress than women. 我觉得一般来说男人不如女人能承受压力。【记忆】词根为 tolerate v. 容忍，忍受由 tolerate 派生的词还有: tolerable adj. 可容忍的，可忍受的 tolerance n. 容忍，宽容 New College English II Unit 11

14. toss vt. 扔，抛【课本句】When you tossed on our desks writing upon which you had not labored, …. 当你们把那些没有花功夫写的东西扔到我的桌上时······ 【常用搭配】toss + n. toss + 双宾 / toss +宾+ to +宾【例句】 After the examination, he tossed his books away. 考试过后，他就把书扔到了一边。 2. Andrew tossed him the ball. = Andrew tossed the ball to him. 安德鲁把球扔给了他。 New College English II Unit 11

Menu of Vocabulary Exercises
Find the Antonyms of the Following Words Fill in the Blanks with Phrases from the Box Fill in the Blanks with Appropriate Words Translate Sentences New College English II Unit 11

Vocabulary Exercises1 1. Directions: From the two essays find the antonyms of the following words. belief – learn – polite – success – dependent – useless – smart – imaginative – deep – shame – inadequate – boring – mediocre – well-informed – painful – doubt shallow unlearn pride rude adequate failure interesting independent excellent useful ill-informed dull painless unimaginative New College English II Unit 11

Vocabulary Exercises2-1
2. Directions: Complete each of the sentences by choosing an appropriate phrase from the box. Change the form if necessary. look back on for the sake of deprive of get down to drop out by no means on one’s own get away with go through come in be rid of distinguish... from deprived of 1) No one can function properly if he or she is _________ adequate sleep. New College English II Unit 11

for the sake of 2) John and Mary only stayed together _______________ the children. 3) If I thought I could ______________ it I wouldn’t pay any taxes at all. 4) He ____________ of high school at the age of 16. 5) This is _____________ the first time you have been late. 6) Don’t you think it’s time we ____________ business? 7) The light is so dim that I cannot ___________ one object _______ another. get away with dropped out by no means got down to distinguish from New College English II Unit 11

look back on 8) I like to _____________ my high school days, which were among the happiest in my life. 9) He has ______________ a very difficult time. 10) Reports are ___________ of a bad accident on the M4 Motorway. 11) I didn’t enjoy marking those papers and I was glad to ___________ them. 12) I’d rather not go to the dance ____________; I do wish you’d come with me. gone through coming in be rid of on my own New College English II Unit 11

3. Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word. In the last year of high school we suffer under much pressure. We must pass our exams and try to get into the university of our 1) _______ so that we can get a good job and have a 2) _______ future. Where does this pressure come from? First, we 3) _______ stories from students who have graduated from school and 4) ______ are now studying in universities. choice secure hear who New College English II Unit 11

keep while/when They 5) ______ telling us how difficult it was for them 6) ___________ they were studying at high school and 7) ______ it is even more difficult at university. 8) _______ makes us totally depressed. Also teachers 9) _________ us. They give us piles of homework, 10) __________ the Great Wall of China to be built in a day. In addition, they give us too many 11)_______. I have had a test almost every day and essays to hand in 12) ______ a short period of time. now This pressure expecting tests within New College English II Unit 11

As a result, because of studying for these tests, I have 13) _____ to give up studying for exams. Since I can’t 14) ______ up with the work, I have begun to worry about getting good 15) ______ on my exams. Lastly, our 16) ________ push us too hard to get good marks. They want us to 17) ________________ the finest education. This means getting into university. Since parents pressure us at home and 18) _________pressure us at school simultaneously, we have no time to 19)________. Perhaps this pressure keeps us studying hard and is good for us because it helps to 20) __________ our characters. On the other hand, it might lead us to a nervous breakdown. had catch marks parents obtain/get/receive teachers relax shape New College English II Unit 11

Translate Sentences -1 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases provided. 1. 她绝不是个平凡的女孩。 2. 恐怕你已经错过了期限，所以不能考虑你的申请。 by no means She is by no means an ordinary girl. miss the deadline I’m afraid you’ve missed the deadline, so your application cannot be considered. New College English II Unit 11

Translate Sentences -2 distinguish from He is color-blind and can’t distinguish red from green easily. 3. 他有色盲，辨不清红色和绿色。 4. 下一次会议定于三个月后举行。 be due to The next meeting is due to be held in three months’ time. New College English II Unit 11

Translate Sentences -3 otherwise Put the milk back to the fridge, otherwise it will go off/bad. 5. 把牛奶放回冰箱，否则它会变坏的。 6. 我离开那个公司的时候，他已变得很不友好。我觉得他不应该对我那样。 deserve By the time I left the company he’d become pretty hostile. I felt I deserved better than that. New College English II Unit 11

Translate Sentences -4 get away with 7. 不要以为你在考试中作弊能得逞。 8. 对她来说，唯一重要的是她的志向与职业。 Don’t think you might get away with it if you cheat in the examination. matter Her ambition and career are the only things that matter to her. New College English II Unit 11

Quiz11 Exercise 1 1．1) E 躲避追逐者或追求者 2) D 注册入学/参加夜校 3) H 值得称赞/注意 4) I 擦去铅笔痕迹 5) G 把头一甩 6) J 追溯关系/风俗 7) A 居住在某一地区/岛屿 8) B 摆脱债务/坏习惯 9) C 回顾过去 10) F 剥夺财产 New College English II Unit 11

Quiz11 Exercise 2-1 2. 1) of 【解析】of one’s own 属于某人自己的。 2) with 【解析】 with impunity 不受惩罚地。 3) depressed 4) lengthy 5) discard 【解析】 discard 丢弃，抛弃； toss 扔，抛。 New College English II Unit 11

Quiz11 Exercise 2-2 6) cited 【解析】 cite 引证，举（例）； quote 引述，复述。 7) formulated 【解析】 form 形成； formulate 系统地阐述。 8) tolerate 【解析】 tolerate是动词； tolerant是形容词。 9) leisurely 10) in New College English II Unit 11

Quiz11 Exercise 2-3 11) left 【解析】 leave… +V-ed使······处于某种状态。 12) associating 【解析】句中的to为介词。 13) traced 【解析】 track 跟踪，留下印迹； trace 追查，找出，追溯。 14) inhabited 【解析】 inhabit为及物动词，live为不及物动词。 15) staggered 【解析】 stagger to one’s feet 摇摇晃晃站起来。 New College English II Unit 11

Quiz11 Exercise 3-1 3．1) D 【解析】 fall into 可分成 2) C 【译文】书呆子很容易被认出来。 3) D 【解析】 waking为分词作定语，其余均为动词。 4) A 【解析】 in pursuit of 追求； in search of 寻找。 5) C 【解析】 halt 停止前进；dwell 居住。 New College English II Unit 11

Quiz11 Exercise 3-2 6) B 【解析】 when后省略了they are。 7) C 【解析】 buying a 300-page book for extra-credit reading为现在分词短语作状语。 8) D 9) A 10) B 【译文】在教室或图书馆你找不到他们，因为他们正忙着在学生会打扫落袋台球，或者在酒吧喝酒。 New College English II Unit 11

Quiz11 Exercise 3-3 11) A 【解析】 as for 至于；as of 在······时，从······时起；in case 假使，万一；with regard后应加to。 12) A 【解析】 not… yet 尚未。 13) D 【解析】 pointless 无意义的；critical 关键的，批评（性）的；legitimate 合法的。 14) D 【解析】本句为倒装句。 15) A 【解析】 credit 学分；scale 级别，标度，标尺。 New College English II Unit 11

Quiz11 Exercise 3-4 16) A 17) B 18) B 19) D 【解析】 take… seriously 认真对待。 20) A 【解析】 as well 也； in effect 实质上，实际上。 New College English II Unit 11

真题实战与考点解析 adequate tolerate spoil go through 2003年1月CET4全真试题 New College English II Unit 11

(tolerate) 真题实战 Some old people don’t like pop songs because they can’t _______ so much noise. A) resist B) sustain C) tolerate D) undergo 答案【C】【 No. 46】【译文】有些老年人不喜欢流行音乐, 因为受不了这么多噪音。 New College English II Unit 11

(adequate) 真题实战 By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have ______ opportunity to change his mind. A) accurate B) urgent C) excessive D) adequate 答案【 D 】【 No. 29】【译文】根据法律，当一个人做出一个重要的购买决定时，他应该有足够的机会改变主意。 New College English II Unit 11

(spoil) 真题实战 Children who are over-protected by their parents may become ________. A) hurt B) damaged C) spoiled D) harmed 答案【C】【90-1 No.69】【译文】受到父母过分照顾的孩子容易被宠坏了。 New College English II Unit 11

(go through) 真题实战 The early pioneers had to _______ many hardships to settle on the new land. A) go along with B) go back on C) go through D) go into 答案【C】【00-6 No.31】【译文】早期的拓荒者不得不经历很多艰难困苦以便在新大陆定居下来。 New College English II Unit 11

2003年1月CET4全真试题时间状语从句谓语用法 1. Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone ______ them. A) discovered B) will discover C) would have discovered D) discovers 答案【D】 [解析] 从句子意思判断，该句表示一般性的判断，并非特指某一事件。所以A项表示的过去时错。在由连词before，after或者when连接的表示将来的时间状语从句中，应该用一般时代替将来时。 [译文] 这类犯罪可能非常复杂，过了数月或者若干年后人们才会发现。 New College English II Unit 11

动词辨析 2. Though ______ in a big city, Peter always prefer to paint the primitive scenes of country life. A) grown B) raised C) tended D) cultivated 答案【B】 [解析]根据主句的句意判断，可以看出彼得是在大城市长大的。raise可以表示“养育，抚养”的意思。当然它还有许多其他意思：提高，举起，增加，筹集；C项的意思是：照管，护理；D项的意思是：①耕作，栽培；②培养，陶冶，发展。 [译文] 尽管在大城市被抚养长大，彼得总是更愿意画那些乡村生活的原始景致。 New College English II Unit 11

情态动词用法 3. The careless man received a ticket for speeding. He _____ have driven so fast. A) can’t B) wouldn’t C) shouldn’t D) mustn’t 答案【C】 [解析] 对于“情态动词 + have done”结构，历来感到棘手。可以首先排除D项，因为 mustn’t have done属错误形式。must have done表示对发生在过去的事情的一种猜测。空格处如代入B项，则表示对发生在过去的事情的虚拟。所以A、B、D项都不对。shouldn’t have done表示“不应该做某事”而实际上做了。综上判断，C项为正确答案。 [译文] 那个粗心的人因超速而收到了罚款单，他不应该开得这么快。 New College English II Unit 11

动词辨析 4. If people feel hopeless, they don’t bother to ______ the skills they need to succeed. A) adopt B) acquire C) accumulate D) assemble 答案【B】 [解析] 四选项的意思分别为：adopt: 收养，采取，采用，批准。acquire: 取得，获得，学到；accumulate: 堆积，积累，积聚；assemble: 集合，召集，装配。 [译文] 如果人们感到无望，他们都不会烦神去学会他们成功所需的技能。 New College English II Unit 11

虚拟语气 5. If I _____ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now. A) worked B) were to work C) had worked D) were working 答案【C】 [解析] 确切地说，该题考查混合虚拟语气。该句从句部分属对过去的虚拟。所以谓语形式应该选择 had worked。主句是对现在的虚拟。A、B两项是用来表示现在或将来的虚拟。应该予以排除。 [译文] 如果当初上学时我刻苦学习的话，我现在就坐在一间舒适的办公室里了。 New College English II Unit 11

动词词义及搭配辨析 6. The shop assistant was dismissed as she was ______ of cheating customers. A) accused B) charged C) scolded D) cursed 答案【A】 [解析] A项表示“指控，指责”的意思与of搭配。B项表示“控告，指控，指责”的意思，但是charge通常和with连用。C项表示“责骂，训斥”。D项表示“咒骂，诅咒”。 [译文] 这个营业员被解雇了，因为她被指责欺骗顾客。 New College English II Unit 11

动词词义及搭配辨析 7. All her energies are _____ upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else. A) guided B) aimed C) directed D) focused 答案【D】 [解析] 根据该句后半部分的并列句“她似乎没什么时间做任何其他事”，暗示她的精力集中在孩子身上了。focus on (upon) 表示“（使）聚集，（使）集中，聚焦”。aim表示“瞄准，对准；打算；致力，旨在”等意思，可与at 或 for 搭配。 [译文] 她全部精力都集中在她的孩子们身上，她似乎没什么时间做任何其他事。 New College English II Unit 11

虚拟语气 8. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they _____ by wild animals. A) should be attacked B) had been attacked C) must be attacked D) would be attacked 答案【A】 [解析] lest要求后跟从句中谓语形式为 “(should)+动词原形”。词义及用法类似in case 或者 for fear that。 [译文] 穿越山区时，所有的人都携带枪以防遭受野生动物的攻击。 New College English II Unit 11

动词辨析 9. Everyone should be ____ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated. A) attributed B) entitled C) identified D) justified 答案【B】 [解析] entitle的意思为“给······权利，给······资格”；其他几个词的意思分别是：attribute (to): 把······归因于；identify: 认出，鉴定；identify… with… : 把······等同于；justify: 证明······正当（或有理），为······辩护。 [译文] 每个人都应该有权享受一种体面的生活水准，以及受教育的机会。 New College English II Unit 11

名词词义及搭配辨析 10. His wife is constantly finding ______ with him, which makes him very angry. A) errors B) shortcomings C) fault D) flaw 答案【C】 [解析] 四个动词都有“缺点，过错，缺陷”的意思，但 find fault with sb./sth. 是一固定词组，表示“对······非常挑剔，吹毛求疵”的含义。 [译文] 他妻子经常对他吹毛求疵，这使他极为愤怒。 New College English II Unit 11

名词词义辨析 11. Vitamins are complex ______ that the body requires in very small amounts. A) matters B) materials C) particles D) substances 答案【D】 [解析] 四选项的含义分别是：matter: 事情，问题，[U] 物质，物品； material: 材料，素材，资料。particle: 微粒，粒子；substance: [C] 物质，[U] 实质，大意，要旨，根据，理由。 [译文] 维他命是身体需求量很小的复杂物质。 New College English II Unit 11

复合形容词构词 12. Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy _____ housework as carrying water and firewood. A) time-consumed B) timely-consumed C) time-consuming D) timely-consuming 答案【C】 [解析] time-consuming表示“费时的，耗时的”，与time-taking相似。一般在句中充当定语。 [译文] 除了照料她的孩子们，她还不得不承担如担水、挑柴此类繁重的、耗时的家务活。 New College English II Unit 11

非谓语形式 13. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ______ to the outside world. A) having been lost B) to be lost C) losing D) lost 答案【D】 [解析] lost to the outside world 表示伴随状态，作补充说明，意思与absorbed in sth．相反。原句空格处如代入A项，则表示时间先后；代入B项则表示目的或结果。而这两点都与句意不符，均应排除。 [译文] 安娜那时正在阅读一部科幻小说，对外部世界充耳不闻。 New College English II Unit 11

名词辨析 14. The police are trying to find out the _____ of the woman killed in the traffic accident. A) evidence B) recognition C) status D) identity 答案【D】 [解析] 四选词的意思分别为：evidence: 根据，证据，迹象；recognition: 认出，识别，承认，认可，赏识，表彰；status: 地位，身份。identity: 身份。 [译文] 警方正极力试图搞明白在交通事故中丧生的那位妇女的身份。 New College English II Unit 11

名词词义辨析 15. All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the ______ they keep from someone they talk with. A) distance B) scope C) range D) boundary 答案【A】 [解析] 四选词的含义分别为：distance：距离，间距，遥远，远方，冷淡，疏远；scope: 范围，（发挥能力等的）余地，机会；range：一系列，幅度，范围；射程，距离。boundary: 分界线，边界，界限。 [译文] 所有的人都有一个舒适区域，调节与他人交谈时所保持的距离。 New College English II Unit 11

名词辨析 16. We have planned an exciting publicity ____ with our advertisers. A) struggle B) campaign C) battle D) conflict 答案【B】 [解析] 四选词的含义分别是：struggle：奋斗，努力，斗争，搏斗；campaign：运动，战役；battle：战役，战斗，斗争，决斗；conflict：冲突，抵触，争论，战斗，战争。 [译文] 我们已经和我们的广告商策划了一场令人激动的宣传活动。 New College English II Unit 11

介词及用法辨析 17. ______ the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation. A) Besides B) Regardless of C) But for D) Despite 答案【C】 [解析] 该句的主句为虚拟语气，根据这一提示，答案只能是But for。因为四选项中只有 but for 可表示虚拟语气。Besides表示“除了，除······以外”；Regardless of表示“不考虑，不顾，不管”；Despite表示“尽管”。 [译文] 要是没有他们组的帮助，我们不可能成功地调查。 New College English II Unit 11

连词词义辨析 18. ______ much is known about what occurs during sleep, the precise function of sleep and its different stages remains largely in the realm of assumption. A) Because B) For C) Since D) While 答案【D】 [解析] 根据句意，该空格处所填连词应表示让步从句，所以正确答案应该是while，表示“尽管”的含义。because引导原因状语从句，since表示“既然，自从”的意思。for表示原因时通常不放在句首。 [译文] 尽管对睡眠期间会发生什么了解了很多，但是睡眠以及睡眠的不同阶段的精确功能很大程度上依然处于假定范畴。 New College English II Unit 11

近义形容词词义辨析 19. John doesn’t believe in _____ medicine; he has some remedies of his own. A) standard B) regular C) routine D) conventional 答案【D】 [解析] 四选词的含义分别是：standard: 标准的；regular: 规则的，有规律的，定期的，固定的，整齐的，匀称的，常规的，经常的；routine: 例行的，常规的；conventional: 普通的，常规的，符合习俗的，因循守旧的。 [译文] 约翰不相信常规药品；他有一些自己的疗方。 New College English II Unit 11

形容词词义辨析 20. Owing to ______ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably. A) fierce B) strained C) eager D) critical 答案【A】 [解析] 由空格后的“竞争”一词暗指了对A项的选择，表示“激烈的”意思。B项表示“不自然的，勉强的，造作的，紧张的，心力交瘁的”；C项表示“渴望的，急迫的”；D项表示“关键的；重要的”。 [译文] 由于航空公司之间激烈竞争，旅游费用已在相当程度上被降低了。 New College English II Unit 11

宾语从句 21. They always give the vacant seats to _____ comes first. A) whoever B) whomever C) who D) whom 答案【A】 [解析] 本题与四级考试2000.1第53题结构与考点几乎一模一样，考生可参阅笔者对该题的解析。 [译文] 他们总是把空座位给最先来的人。 New College English II Unit 11

形容词辨析 22. In Africa, educational costs are very low for those who are ______ enough to get into universities. A) ambitious B) fortunate C) aggressive D) substantial 答案【B】 [解析] 四选词的含义分别是：ambitious：有雄心的，有野心的；fortunate：幸运的；aggressive：侵犯的，挑衅的，敢做敢为的，有进取心的；substantial：可观的，大量的，牢固的，结实的，实质的。 [译文] 在非洲，教育费用对于那些足够幸运、能够进入大学的人来说是非常低的。 New College English II Unit 11

非谓语动词 23. Professor Wang, ______ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students. A) knowing B) known C) to be known D) having known 答案【B】 [解析] 根据语态，首先排除A、D两项。C项表示“将来”含义，也错。B项构成过去分词短语，作后置定语，正确。 [译文] 以上课信息量大而著称的王教授受到了他学生的热烈的欢迎。 New College English II Unit 11

动词短语辨析 24. Our manager is ______ an important customer now and he will be back this afternoon. A) calling on B) calling in C) calling up D) calling for 答案【A】 [解析] call on 表示“访问，拜访，号召，要求”，call in 表示“叫······进来，召来”，call up 表示“打电话（给），召集，使人想起”。call for表示“叫（某人）来，要求，需要”。 [译文] 我们的经理现在正在拜访一位重要客户，他将在今天下午回来。 New College English II Unit 11

名词词义辨析 25. A fire engine must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of ____. A) precaution B) crisis C) emergency D) urgency 答案【C】 [解析] 四选词的意思分别是：precaution：预防，防备，警惕； crisis：危机，危急关头，关键时刻；emergency：紧急情况，不测事件；urgency：紧急的事。 [译文] 消防车必须拥有优先通行权，因为它通常不得不处理某种紧急事件。 New College English II Unit 11

虚拟语气 26. He said that the driver must have had an accident; otherwise he ______ by then. A) would have arrived B) must have arrived C) should arrive D) would arrive 答案【A】 [解析] 根据句中最重要的提示词otherwise以及表示时间的提示词 by then，可以断定该句表示对过去的虚拟。答案只能是A 项。B项是表示对发生在过去的事情的猜测，不合句意。 [译文] 他说那位驾驶员肯定出了车祸；否则他早就到了。 New College English II Unit 11

名词词义辨析 27. The film provides a deep ______ into a wide range of human qualities and feelings. A) insight B) imagination C) fancy D) outlook 答案【A】 [解析] 四选词的含义是：insight：洞察力，洞悉，深刻的见解；imagination：想象，想象力；fancy：爱好，迷恋，幻想力，设想，空想；outlook：观点，见解，展望，前景。 [译文] 这部电影深刻洞察了广泛的人类品质和感情。 New College English II Unit 11

虚拟语气 28. It is high time that such practices ______. A) are ended B) be ended C) were ended D) must be ended 答案【C】 [解析] 在 it is high/about time that 从句以及 it is time that 从句结构中从句的谓语形式必须用过去时，所以答案为C。 [译文] 到了这些做法该被杜绝的时候了。 New College English II Unit 11

近义名词辨析 29. Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved if only the _____ charged on public transport were more reasonable. A) fees B) fares C) payments D) costs 答案【B】 [解析] 四个名词的意思分别为：fee：费，酬金；fare：（车、船、飞机等）费，票价；payment：支付的款项，付款；cost：价格，成本，费用，代价，损失。 [译文] 只要公共交通的车费更为合理，城市拥挤将会大大缓解。 New College English II Unit 11

短语动词词义辨析 30. The doctor had almost lost hope at one point, but the patient finally _____. A) pulled out B) pulled through C) pulled up D) pulled over 答案【B】 [解析] pull out 表示“拔出，取出，（车，船等）驶出，摆脱困境”。pull through 表示 “（使）度过危机，（使）恢复健康”。pull up 表示 “（使）停下”；pull over 意思是“把（车）驶到路边”。 [译文] 医生一度几乎已经失去希望，但这个病人最终活了过来。 New College English II Unit 11

Menu of Reading Comprehension
Related Information Pre-Reading Questions Passage Study Post-Reading New College English II Unit 11

Menu of Pre-Reading Questions:
Directions: The following words or phrases in Column A are taken from the reading passages and are all related to college life. Find the right definition in Column B for each word or phrase. Column A Column B faculty drop out grade 4.presentation course deadline semester paper degree final A. half of a school year B. a talk to the whole class C. a date before which a particular job or task must be finished D. qualification E. a long essay written on an academic subject F. leave without finishing G. a series of lessons or lectures on a particular subject H. the last and most important exam for a course I. all teachers in a university J. mark New College English II Unit 11

Passage Study Essay One Essay Two New College English II Unit 11

Passage Study Active Text Notes to the Text Difficult Sentences Summary of the Text New College English II Unit 11

The Commencement Speech You'll Never Hear
1 Para.1 Para.2 Para.3 Para.4 Para.5 Para.6 Para.7 Para.8 Para.9 New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 1 We the faculty take no pride in our educational achievement with you. We have prepared you for a world that does not exist, indeed, that cannot exist. You have spent four years supposing that failure leaves no record. You have learned at Brown that when your work goes poorly, the painless solution is to drop out. But starting now, in the world to which you go, failure marks you. Confronting difficulty by quitting leaves you changed. Outside Brown, quitters are no heroes. 1 2 2 3 New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 2 With us you could argue about why your errors were not errors, why mediocre work really was excellent, why you could take pride in routine and slipshod presentation. Most of you, after all, can look back on honor grades for most of what you have done. So, here grades can have meant little in distinguishing the excellent from the ordinary. But tomorrow, in the world to which you go, you had better not defend errors but learn from them. You will be ill-advised to demand praise for what does not deserve it, and abuse those who do not give it. 4 3 5 4 New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 3 For years we created an altogether forgiving world, in which whatever slight effort you gave was all that was demanded. When you did not keep appointments, we made new ones. When your work came in beyond the deadline, we pretended not to care. 6 New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 4 Worse still, when you were boring, we acted as if you were saying something important. When you were garrulous and talked to hear yourselves talk, we listened as if it mattered. When you tossed on our desks writing upon which you had not labored, we read it and even responded, as though you earned a response. When you were dull, we pretended you were smart. When you were predictable, unimaginative and routine, we listened as if to new and wonderful things. When you demanded free lunch, we served it. And all this why? 7 5 8 6 7 New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 5 Despite your fantasies, it was not even that we wanted to be liked by you. It was that we did not want to be bothered, and the easy way out was pretense: smiles and easy Bs. 8 9 New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 6 It is conventional to quote in addresses such as these. Let me quote someone you’ve never heard of: Professor Carter A. Daniel, Rutgers University: New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 7 “College has spoiled you by reading papers that don't deserve to be read, listening to comments that don't deserve a hearing, paying attention even to the lazy, ill-informed and rude. We had to do it, for the sake of education. But nobody will ever do it again. College has deprived you of adequate preparation for the last 50 years. It has failed you by being easy, free, forgiving, attentive, comfortable, interesting, unchallenging fun. Good luck tomorrow.” 9 10 10 New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 8 That is why, on this commencement day, we have nothing in which to take much pride. New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 9 Oh, yes, there is one more thing. Try not to act toward your co-workers and bosses as you have acted toward us. I mean, when they give you what you want but have not earned, don’t abuse them, insult them, act out with them your parlous relationships with your parents. This too we have tolerated. It was, as I said, not to be liked. Few professors actually care whether or not they are liked by peer-paralyzed adolescents, fools so shallow as to imagine professors care not about education but about popularity. It was, again, to be rid of you. So go, unlearn the lies we taught you. To life! (585 words) 11 12 12 13 11 14 15 New College English II Unit 11

Passage Study Active Text Notes to the Text Difficult Sentences Summary of the Text New College English II Unit 11

College: An All-Forgiving World?
16 Para.1 Para.2 Para.3 Para.4 Para.5 New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 1 In “The Commencement Speech You’ll Never Hear”, Jacob Neusner argues that we have been made to believe, according to our college experience, that “failure leaves no record” (Para. 1) and that things can be easily achieved. It seems to Neusner that college is not a good preparatory school for life because it is making us ready “for a world that does not exist” (Para. 1). 12 New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 2 There’s no doubt that Neusner should have taken a closer look at what college life is really like before formulating such a strong opinion about it. He is completely ignoring all the pressures and hard times students go through to make it at college. It is not the way he describes it at all. 13 New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 3 Is college not preparing us for real life, as Neusner puts it? Is what we are experiencing something not useful to learn for the real world? These are questions that pop into my mind when I think about what Neusner says. I think that he is very wrong. The college years, for many of us, are when we start to be independent, make crucial decisions on our own, and become responsible for them. At college, we must learn to budget our time (and money!) and to be tolerant (otherwise we wouldn't survive in a crowded triple room!). We meet people from different parts of the world that broaden our view of the world itself and help us understand each other better. If these things are not useful for the real world, then I don't know what could be. 17 18 14 New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 4-1 Neusner believes that in college we are trained to think that “failure leaves no record” because we can supposedly get away with mistakes easily. I have news for him. If you fail a test, you can't take it again, or the teacher won’t erase the grade even if he thinks you will hate him for the rest of your life. If you drop out of a class, next semester you will have to take more courses. If you get low grades, your chances of getting into a fine graduate school are almost none. If your grade point average is not reasonably high for a number of classes, you just don’t get your degree. 19 New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 4-2 When midterm and finals come, no one can avoid taking them. When the going gets tough, the tough have to get down to work because, unlike what Neusner believes, college does not give “painless” solutions to mistakes (Para.1). It is not “an altogether forgiving world”, and by no means have teachers “pretended not to care” (Para. 3) when deadlines are not kept or when things aren’t done at the time they are supposed to be. 20 15 16 New College English II Unit 11

Paragraph 5 To me, living in a crowded triple, having a one-day reading period before finals, tons of readings, papers, and midterms due the same week are not exactly my idea of “‘easy, free, forgiving, attentive, comfortable, interesting, unchallenging fun’” (Para. 6). (487 words) New College English II Unit 11

Note 1 “Commencement” is a ceremony at which university, college, or high school graduates are given their degrees or diplomas. At a commencement all the students wear special robes (袍子)and caps, and usually there are several speeches. Jacob Neusner (1932- ) is a university professor and distinguished scholar at Brown University in Rhode Island. As the title suggests, the commencement speech was never delivered at the university graduation ceremony but was published as an essay in the Brown University campus newspaper, The Daily Herald. New College English II Unit 11

Note 2 “Mark” here means spoil or damage. New College English II Unit 11

Note 3 “Honor grades” refer to very high marks for a college course. New College English II Unit 11

Note 4 “Ill-” is added to words, especially adjectives and past participles (过去分词)，to add the meaning “badly” or “inadequately”. “Ill-advised” means “not sensible or wise”. “Abuse” means to insult. The whole sentence means: 假如你们要求得到你们不该得到的表扬，而诋毁那些不给你们表扬的人，这是不明智的愚蠢的做法。 New College English II Unit 11

Note 5 “Talk to hear yourselves talk” means “keep talking”, usually saying nothing of any interest or importance. New College English II Unit 11

Note 6 “Free lunch” means something gained without making any effort. New College English II Unit 11

Note 7 “And all this why?” means “Why do we do all this?” New College English II Unit 11

Note 8 “easy Bs” According to the grading system in the U.S., students’ work is marked A, B, C, D, and E. Here “easy Bs” means “Bs that professors give freely to the students”. New College English II Unit 11

Note 9 “Ill-informed” means not knowing about something (无知的). New College English II Unit 11

Note 10 It has failed you by... Here “it” refers to “college” in the previous sentence, and “has failed” means “hasn’t done what you expected or trusted them to do”. The whole sentence means: 由于大学是一个轻松、自由、包容、方便、舒适、充满乐趣、令人开心的地方，它没有对你们尽到责任。 New College English II Unit 11

Note 11 The two sentences mean: 尽量不要像对待我们那样去对待你们的同事或老板。我的意思是，当他们给予你们所想要的而不是你们应得的东西时，不要诋毁他们，不要侮辱他们，不要在他们身上重复与你们父母之间的那种糟糕的关系。 New College English II Unit 11

Note 12 “This” and “It” refer to the same thing, i.e. what is previously mentioned in this paragraph. New College English II Unit 11

Note 13 “ peer-paralyzed adolescents ” Here the expression refers to “young people who care too much about comments from those of their own age and cannot think independently”. New College English II Unit 11

Note 14 In this sentence, “again” is used for emphasis. The whole sentence means: We were nice to you just because we wanted to get rid of you. New College English II Unit 11

Note 15 “To life!” is a pun here. On the one hand, it means “Go out into life!” i.e. “Go out to the real world”. On the other hand, it is a toast, just like “To your health!” New College English II Unit 11

Note 16 This is a response to Neusner’s “The Commencement Speech You’ll Never Hear” written by a student to fulfill a writing assignment for a composition course. New College English II Unit 11

Note 17 “Put” means to express something in words (表达). New College English II Unit 11

Note 18 “Is what we are experiencing something not useful to learn for the real world?” 句中 “what we are experiencing” 是整个问句的主语(从句)， “something” 是动词 “is” 的表语。如果将问句变成陈述句，则为:What we are experiencing is something not useful to learn for the real world. New College English II Unit 11

Note 19 “grade point average” 常用GPA表示，是指学生各科成绩的平均积分点。(详见第4课 In-Class Reading，Note 5) New College English II Unit 11

Note 20 The first “tough” means “difficult”, while the second (“the tough”) refers to those (academically) strong, hardworking students. The whole sentence means: “When the situation gets difficult for the students, even the strong hardworking ones have to start working even harder.” Here it is a twisted form of the expression “When the going gets tough, the tough get going”. New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 1 We the faculty take no pride in our educational achievement with you. 【解析】the faculty是代词we的同位语，对we做进一步的解释，说明它指代的具体对象。 faculty n. （院、系）全体老师【译文】我们全体教师都不为我们的教育成果感到自豪。 New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 2 We have prepared you for a world that does not exist, indeed, that cannot exist. 【解析】 1) 先行词world之后跟有两个并列的定语从句，均由关系代词that引导，that在从句中做主语； 2) indeed adv. 更确切地；甚至，而且 indeed 使两个分句在语气上存在递进关系。【译文】我们培养你们去适应的是一个根本不存在的，实际上也不可能存在的世界。 New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 3 Confronting difficulty by quitting leaves you changed. 【解析】 1) 动名词短语confronting difficulty by quitting作句子的主语，其中动名词quitting作介词by的宾语。 2) leave的用法：句型：leave + n. + done leave + n. + adj. 　　　 leave + n. + doing leave the door open 让门开着 He left the engine running. 他没熄火。【译文】在困难面前退缩也会使你改变。 New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 4 With us you could argue about why your errors were not errors, why mediocre work really was excellent, why you could take pride in routine and slipshod presentation. 【解析】三个由why引导的名词性从句作about的宾语，构成排比句式。【译文】你们曾同我们争辩过，说服我们为什么你们的错误不是错误，为什么平庸的作品是优秀的，为什么你们会对例行公事式的拙劣的发言报告感到骄傲。 New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 5 So, here grades can have meant little in distinguishing the excellent from the ordinary. 【解析】the + adj.相当于名词成分。【译文】因此，分数在这儿并不能作为区分优秀学生与普通学生的依据。 New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 6 For years we created an altogether forgiving world, in which whatever slight effort you gave was all that was demanded. 【解析】 1) in which whatever slight effort you gave was all that was demanded是“介词 + 关系代词”型非限制性定语从句修饰先行词world。非限制性定语从句与先行词之间只有较松散的关系，中间以逗号隔开。 2) in which… 从句是一个复杂关系分句，它内嵌有两个定语从句：省略关系代词的从句you gave修饰effort, that was demanded修饰all。【译文】多年来，我们创造了一个完全包容的世界，在这里我们要求你们做的仅仅是一点微小的努力。 New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 7 Worse still, when you were boring, we acted as if you were saying something important. 【解析】以when引导状语从句修饰主句在Para.3-4共出现了八处，构成排比句式。此处，worse still承前启后，将后文与前两个“when”做比较，语义更进一层。still和比较级连用，表示“更加，越发”。【译文】更糟糕的是，当你们的言谈无聊时，我们却故作姿态，好像你们在说些重要的事情。 New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 8 When you tossed on our desks writing upon which you had not labored, we read it and even responded, as though you earned a response. 【解析】在when引导的状语从句中，writing是toss的宾语，后接“介词 + which”型定语从句upon which… 修饰writing。在“介词 + which”型定语从句中，which不可以由that替代，介词也不可省略，但可后置。【译文】当你们把那些没有花功夫写的东西扔到我们桌上时，我们不仅认真阅读，甚至还会批改，好像这是你们应得的。 New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 9 Despite your fantasies，it was not even that we wanted to be liked by you. It was that we did not want to be bothered, and the easy way out was pretense: smiles and easy Bs. 【解析】 It is not that… / It is that… 句型: 不是因为······，而是因为······ 【译文】你们自然有你们的看法，但是，我们决不是因为想要博得你们的喜欢才这么做，而是因为我们不想受到打扰。一个简单的办法就是故作姿态：微笑，让你们轻轻松松都得B。 New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 10 College has spoiled you by reading papers that don’t deserve to be read, listening to comments that don’t deserve a hearing, paying attention even to the lazy, ill-informed and rude. 【解析】 1) reading…, listening to…, paying…三个动名词短语作by的宾语 2) the + adj.相当于名词【译文】大学毁了你们，让你们阅读那些不值得一读的论文，听那些不值得一听的评论，甚至要去尊重那些无所事事、孤陋寡闻、极不文明的人。 New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 11-1 Few professors actually care whether or not they are liked by peer-paralyzed adolescents, fools so shallow as to imagine professors care not about educational but about popularity. 【解析】 1)whether or not they are liked by peer-paralyzed adolescents是名词性从句，作care的宾语； 2) they指professors； 3) fools是adolescents的同位语，对其进一步解释说明；后面接形容词短语so shallow as to…； New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 11-2 5) so… as to 句型：如此······以至于······ He was so excited that he could not speak. 他兴奋得连话都说不出来了。【译文】有些年轻人过于在意同龄人的看法，这些傻瓜竟浅薄到以为教授们看中声望胜于教育，其实很少有教授在乎这类年轻人是否喜欢他们。 4) not… but… 不是······而是······ New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 12 In “The Commencement Speech You’ll Never Hear”, Jacob Neusner argues that we have made to believe, according to our college experience, that “failure leaves no record” and that things can be easily achieved. 【解析】 argues的宾语从句（第一个that引导）含有两个由that引导的名词性从句that “failure leaves no record”和that things can be easily achieved，这两个从句并列构成believe的宾语。第一对引号：文章标题；第二对引号：直接引用【译文】在《永远不会听到的毕业典礼演说》中，雅各布·诺伊斯那认为，大学经历使我们相信“失败不会留下任何记录”，成绩很容易取得。 New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 13 【解析】 it指college life. 【译文】大学生活并非像他所描绘的那样。 It is not the way he describes it at all. New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 14 If these things are not useful for the real world, then I don’t know what could be. 【解析】what could be是省略结构，意为“what could be useful for the real world.” 【译文】如果这些对现实世界都没有用，那我可不知道什么才是有用的。 New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 15 When the going gets tough, the tough have to get down to work… 【解析】going: n. 进行情况；第一个tough: difficult；第二个tough (the tough) 指 those who study hard. 【译文】学业越来越紧张，本来刻苦的学生也不得不更加努力。 New College English II Unit 11

Difficult Sentence 16 It is not, and by no means have teachers “pretended not to care” when deadlines are not kept or when things aren’t done at the time they are supposed to be. 【解析】 1) “pretended not to care”是直接引用了第一篇文章的原话。 2) by no means处于句首，句子采用倒装句式。【译文】大学并不是一个“完全包容的世界”，当超过了期限或者没有按预期的时间完成工作时，老师们也绝不会“装作不在乎”。 New College English II Unit 11

Summary of the Text -1 In the first essay, the author claims directly that the teachers take no pride in their educational achievement and that students are inadequately prepared for the real world. He pictures college life as an altogether forgiving world in which students are treated patiently and kindly by professors. Finally, he suggests that students should not act toward their co-workers and bosses as they did to teachers at college. New College English II Unit 11

Summary of the Text -2 In the second essay, the author argues with Jacob Neusner by listing a series of facts. In his opinion, college life does teach students something useful for the real world and college is not a paradise where learning is “easy, free, forgiving, attentive, comfortable, interesting and unchallenging”. New College English II Unit 11

Menu of Post-Reading Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 2. Understanding Specific Information 3. Being Ida Timothee New College English II Unit 11

1. The Organization of the Text -1
Direction: In groups work out the outlines for the two essays. Essay I 1) The message Prof Neusmer passes to the graduates (Para. 1) We take no pride in our educational achievement because we have inadequately prepared students for the real world. Reason: At Brown, during the four years, students have formed the belief that _____________________ while in the real world _________________ failure leaves no record, failure marks you. New College English II Unit 11

The Organization of the Text -2
2) Two different attitudes towards errors (Para. 2) At Brown, students defend their errors by arguing about: A. _____________________________; B. ______________________________; C. ______________________________________ ____________. In the real world, graduates had better __________ _____________________________. why their errors were not errors why mediocre work was excellent why they could take pride in their poor presentation not defend their errors but learn from them New College English II Unit 11

3) College is an altogether forgiving world. (Para 3-5) No matter what slight effort students made, they could meet the demand. A. When students broke appointments, professors _____ _________. B. When the deadline was missed, professors ___________________. C. Boring talks were considered to be __________. D. Unlabored ______ was commented on. E. Dull students were treated as if ______________. make new ones pretended not to care important writing they were smart New College English II Unit 11

The reason why professors did all this was not that ________________________________ but that ___________________________________________ ___________________________. 4) Prof Daniel’s viewpoint (Para. 6-7) College has deprived students of adequate preparation for the real world. they wanted to be liked by students, professors did not want to be bothered and pretense was the easy way out New College English II Unit 11

5) The ending of the speech (Para. 8-9) A. Conclusion: On this commencement day, we professors _____ _____________________. B. Advice for graduates: a. ______________________________________ ________________________________. b. Go to life and ___________________________ ____. have nothing to take pride in Don’t act toward your co-workers and bosses as you have acted toward us unlearn the lies we taught you here New College English II Unit 11

Essay II 1) The points Ida Timothee’s going to argue against (Para.1) A. ____________________________________________ _______________. B. _____________________________________. 2) Ida Timothee’s comments on Neusner’s points (Para.2) A. He knows little about ___________________. B. He ignores___________________________________ ___________________. Students have been made to believe that “failure leaves no record” College is not a preparatory school for life students’ college life the pressures and hard times students experience at college New College English II Unit 11

3) Ida argues against Neusner’s point that ______ ________________________________. (Para. 3) During the college years, we start _____________ _____________________________ and _______ __________________. Supporting evidence: A. We learn ___________________________. B. We are tolerant enough ___________________ __________. C. We ___________________________________ _____. college is not preparing students for real life to be inde-pendent, make crucial decisions are responsible for them to budget our time and money to survive in a crowded triple room meet people from different parts of the world New College English II Unit 11

4) Ida argues against the so-called students’ belief that failure leaves no record. (Para. 4) Her counter-examples: A. If______________________, the teacher won’t erase the grade. B. If you drop a class, ______________________ ____________________. C. Low grades or low GPA mean _____________ ________________. D. Everyone has to take __________________. E. No teachers “have pretended not to care” when ___________________. you fail a test or a course you’ll have to take more courses next semester no fine graduate school, no degree midterms and finals deadlines are not kept New College English II Unit 11

College is not “‘easy, free, forgiving, attentive, comfortable, interesting, unchallenging fun’” to me. 5) Ida’s conclusion (Para. 5) ________________________________________ _____ New College English II Unit 11

Understanding Specific Information -1
2)Confronting difficulty by quitting leaves you changed. (Para.1) A. Giving up when faced with difficulties spoil you. B. Dealing with a difficult situation by giving up makes you a different person. B New College English II Unit 11

2) Most of you, after all, can look back on honor grades for most of what you have done. (Para.2) A. Most of you can remember the high marks you got for most of your work. B. In spite of this, most of you can get high marks for most of your work. A New College English II Unit 11

3) You will be ill-advised to demand praise for what does not deserve it, and abuse those who do not give it. (Para.2) A. If someone advised you to ask for undeserved praise and criticize those who do not give it, then he was giving you a bad piece of advice. B. It is foolish of you to ask for undeserved praise and to criticize those who do not give it. B New College English II Unit 11

4) When you were garrulous and talked to hear yourselves talk, we listened as if it mattered. (Para.4) A. When you kept talking about something uninteresting and unimportant, we listened as if you were saying something important. B. When you talked loudly, we listened as if what you were saying was worth listening to. A New College English II Unit 11

5) When you demanded free lunch, we served it. (Para.4) A. When you asked for a free meal, we served it. B. When you demanded praise for your unlabored work, we gave it. B New College English II Unit 11

6) Despite your fantasies, it was not even that we wanted to be liked by you. (Para.5) A. It was not true that we wanted to be popular in spite of what you imagined. B. It’s strange that you thought we wanted to be popular. A New College English II Unit 11

7) ... fools so shallow as to imagine professors care not about education but about popularity. (Para.9) A. ... fools so ignorant as to think what professors cared about was popularity rather than education. B. ... fools so innocent as to think that professors were careful about their reputation rather than education. A New College English II Unit 11

Essay II 8) ...because we can supposedly get away with mistakes easily. A. ... because it is supposed that we can easily avoid making mistakes. B. ... because we can perhaps avoid being punished for our mistakes. B New College English II Unit 11

3. Being Ida Timothee -1 Directions: Work in groups to argue against Prof Neusner as if you were Ida Timothee. Write down what you can say against him and then have your group representative report to the class. New College English II Unit 11

Being Ida Timothee -2 Sample: Facts students may list to argue against the professor: — Most teachers/professors are strict and responsible; — No late work is accepted; — Class attendance is required; otherwise points will be deducted; — Students’ workload is very heavy: too much reading, too many assignments; — Our schedule is so tight that we have little time for sports and other activities; New College English II Unit 11

Being Ida Timothee -3 — We are required to take too many quizzes, exams, etc. — High marks are very hard to get; — Our dormitories are crowded and our cafeteria is not spacious enough; — We have to learn to take care of ourselves. This is the end of Reading Comprehension. Click the return button to go back to the menu. New College English II Unit 11

Part Four Writing and Translation
句子成分转换 New College English II Unit 11

句子成分转换句子成分转换是指由于在翻译中两种语言表达方式的不同，造成了翻译时需要将原文句子的成分和结构进行调整，以符合目标语的表达要求。句子成分转换的主要原因是由于翻译中词类的转译而造成的。一、英语的名词、形容词转化为汉语的动词、副词，翻译后转变为汉语中的谓语和状语。 There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of the country. 目前，我国各地对各种消费品的需求大大增加。 New College English II Unit 11

二、英语的动词转化为汉语的名词，翻译后转变为汉语中的宾语。 Our age is witnessing a profound political change. 我们的时代是深刻政治变化的见证。 New College English II Unit 11

三、英语的形容词转化为汉语的动词，翻译后转变为汉语的谓语。 Unused reading materials and idle laboratory equipment are a serious drain on schools’ financial resources. 阅读教材备而不用，实验室闲置，这是对学校财力的严重浪费。 New College English II Unit 11

四、英语的副词转化为汉语的形容词，翻译后转变为汉语的定语。 The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries. 贸易有很大的增加，这给两国带来了好处。 New College English II Unit 11

五、除了由于转译法而造成的句子成分转换，还包括由于英汉表达习惯的不同而造成的成分转换。 1．英语常用非人称做主语，而汉语常用人称做主语。 From the moment they stepped into China, care and kindness surrounded the foreign guests on every side. 一踏上中国国土，外宾们就随时随地受到关怀与照顾。（主语变宾语） New College English II Unit 11

2．英语常用被动式，汉语常用主动式，因此主语与宾语常常倒置。 Specialties in colleges and universities should be adjusted and teaching methods improved. 必须调整高等院校的专业设置，改进教学方法。（主语变宾语） New College English II Unit 11

写作实践例文: An Analysis of College Enrollment Expansion 相关链接 New College English II Unit 11

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: An Analysis of College Enrollment Expansion. Study the following table and the line graphs carefully and base your passage on the information given below in Chinese. You should write at least 120 words. 从1999年开始，我国开始正式在高等院校进行扩招。下表与曲线对1997年到2005年间各类高等院校的招生总体情况进行统计（其中包括一类本科、二类本科和三类本科）。请对该图表进行描述并进行分析，并呼吁为了进行合理的改革，我们还应做出不懈的努力。 New College English II Unit 11

year universities 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 first -category 420,000 550,000 630,000 700,000 690,000 540,000 500,000 470,000 second -category universities 770,000 930,000 1,200,000 1,440,000 1,550,000 1,620,000 1,650,000 1,670,000 third –category universities 1,050,000 1,230,000 1,400,000 注：本表数据仅供写作参考，非官方统计数据。 New College English II Unit 11

注：本表数据仅供写作参考，非官方统计数据。 New College English II Unit 11

An Analysis of College Enrollment Expansion
The table and the line graphs show the number of students enrolled by first-category universities, second-category universities, and third-category universities from 1997 to 2005. From 1997 to 1999, the enrollment of first-category universities increased steadily from 420,000 to 630,000 and the corresponding (对应的) blue curve reached its peak of 700,000 in However, since 2001, there was a drop in the curve and it begins to level off (稳定下来). There are certain similarities between the curve of first-category universities and that of second-category universities --- both increased New College English II Unit 11

rapidly from 1997 to 2000, but the pink curve rose drastically, reflecting the admission number skyrocketing from 550,000 to 1,200,000 in that period. However, from 2000, the increase rate slowed down, and there is the least difference in the number of enrollees between 2004 and 2005, and the trend continues throughout the curve. With the introduction of third-category universities in 2003, the yellow curve shows a sharp rise from 1,050,000 in 2003 to 1,400,000 in 2005, and this trend is likely to continue. New College English II Unit 11

In order to provide educational opportunities for more high school graduates, authorities decided to expand college enrollment. However, some unexpected problems arose. As the number of enrollees climbed rapidly, universities could not provide enough accommodations (住宿), education facilities or qualified teachers. Therefore, parents, students and teachers complained that campuses became overcrowded and there was a decline in teaching quality. From 2001, in order to ensure quality education, the number of students enrolled by first-category universities dropped gradually; meanwhile, the increasing enrollment rate of second-category universities New College English II Unit 11

began to slow down and level off. In 2003, many third-category universities were established in order to satisfy people’s needs for diversified (多种多样的) higher education. Up till now, much progress has been made to balance and reform the structure of higher education. However, we must remember that it is only the first step in the right direction. Let’s continue to contribute our efforts and ideas. To provide best higher education for eligible (合适的，合格的) high school graduates and all college students, we still have a long way to go. New College English II Unit 11

[ 四级作文题目2005年12月] Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below : 1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点； 2．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同； 3．我认为…… New College English II Unit 11

II. [ IELTS作文题目] You should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task. Some people believe that students who go directly from high school to university benefit less from their courses than those who take a job or travel in the “real world” before they enter the university. What is your opinion? You should write at least 250 words. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience to support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. New College English II Unit 11

III. [ GRE作文题目] Present your perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views. “Instead of requiring students to take courses in a variety of disciplines — that is, courses ranging from the arts and the humanities to the physical and biological sciences — colleges and universities should allow students to enroll only in those courses that will help prepare for the jobs in their chosen fields. Such concentration is necessary in today’s increasingly work-oriented society.” New College English II Unit 11

Thanks for Your Attention!
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