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1 赵娜 translationcpu@126.com Tel: 18901590512
笔译(下) 赵娜 Tel:

2 1. 汉英翻译的定义及标准 2. 汉英翻译与英汉翻译的不同侧重点 3. 本学期重点与课程安排

3 Part 1 汉英翻译的定义及标准

4 Eugene Nida (1982) Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. 所谓翻译,是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现源语的信息,首先在语义上,其次是文体上。

5 刘宓庆 (1990) 翻译的实质是语际的意义转换。翻译使操不同语言身处不同文化环境的人能通过“语际转换”进行思想交流。翻译把一种语言的信息用另外一种语言表达出来,使译文读者能了解原作者所表达的思想与情感,得到与原文读者大致相同的领悟与感受。

6 概念意义 conceptive meaning
语境意义contextual meaning 形式意义formal meaning 风格意义stylistic meaning 形象意义figurative meaning 文化意义cultural meaning

7 概念意义,语境意义,风格意义,文化意义 当我在小学毕了业的时候,亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺,好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃,以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。可是,我也愿意升学。我偷偷地考入了师范学校—制服,饭食,书籍,宿处,都由学校供给。只有这样,我才敢对母亲提升学的话。入学,要交十元的保证金。这是一笔巨款!母亲作了半个月的难,把这巨款筹到,而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦,只要儿子有出息。当我由师范毕业,而被派为小学校长,母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句:“以后,您可以歇一歇了!”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。(2014年专八真题)

8 (当我在小学毕了业的时候,亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺, 好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃,以减轻母亲的勤劳 困苦。可是,我也愿意升学。) 我偷偷地考入了师范学校 —制服,饭食,书籍,宿处,都由学校供给。(只有这样, 我才敢对母亲提升学的话。) I was secretly admitted by a normal university where the uniforms, books and accommodation were provided. Without a single word to my mother about my willingness, I past the examination and was accepted to a teacher’s school which provided uniform, food, books and place to live for free.

9 概念意义,语境意义,风格意义,文化意义 当我在小学毕了业的时候,亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺,好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃,以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。可是,我也愿意升学。我偷偷地考入了师范学校—制服,饭食,书籍,宿处,都由学校供给。只有这样,我才敢对母亲提升学的话。入学,要交十元的保证金。这是一笔巨款!母亲作了半个月的难,把这巨款筹到,而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦,只要儿子有出息。当我由师范毕业,而被派为小学校长,母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句:“以后,您可以歇一歇了!”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。

10 形式意义 他(孔乙己)对人说话,总是满口之乎者也,教人半懂不懂的。 因为他姓孔,别人便从描红纸上的“上大人孔乙己”这半懂不懂 的话里,替他取下一个绰号,叫作孔乙己。 When he talked, he always larded whatever he had to say with lo, forsooth, verily, nay and came out with a whole string of such phrases, things that you could half make out, and half couldn’t. because his family name was Kong, people nicknamed him Yiji. They got the idea from the first six words of a copybook that was used in teaching children how to write characters: ABOVE—GREAT—MAN--KONG—YI-- JI, a string of words whose meaning you could half make out, and half couldn’t. (William A. Lyell) He used so many archaisms in his speech, it was impossible to understand half he said. As his surname was Kung, he was nicknamed “Kung I-chi,” the first three characters in a children‘s copybook. (杨宪益戴乃迭)

11 翻译标准 信、达、雅(严复) 忠实、通顺(张培基)

12 汉译英的定义(陈宏薇) 翻译是将作者为汉语读者所写的汉语文本转换成功能相似、意义相符、供英文读者阅读的英译文的活动。(p.1)

13 语言的基本功能(p.5) 文本的功能:信息性文本 祈使性文本 表达性文本 济南的冬天 荣昌—渝西川东结合部旅游休闲圣地 石油和化工产业振兴支撑技术指导意见 静夜思 语言的功能不能截然分开。对功能的分析,是对文本的宏观分析,是对文本的总体印象。对意义的理解与表达,才是翻译的核心。(p.6)

14 英语专业8级翻译部分 2016年版

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16 大纲对TEM-8翻译的测试要求、测试形式和测试目的做出了具体规范,并在2015年8月对测试题型进行了调整,将原来的英译汉题型去掉,只保留了汉译英题型。测试在考察考生接受性语言技能的同时,更注重评价考生的产出性技能。 汉译英原来要求文章长度为 字,现在是150个汉字,略降低了难度。

17 专业八级的要求:能运用翻译的理论和技巧,将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语,或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语,速度为每小时250-300个英文单词。译文要求忠实原意,语言流畅。
考试时间:25分钟,满分15分。

18 汉译英专八评分标准 Excellent translation: the translation faithfully reflects all the original passage with only 1 or 2 minor errors in vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is elegant (appropriate choice of words, a variety in sentence patterns).

19 具体操作时的评分标准(新) 对原文的忠实性,满分9分,占60%; 语言适切性,满分6分,占40%
优秀(8~9 +6):能较好地进行词语的正确翻译(突破汉语原文词语的表层含义,实现指称、语境、语体、搭配等多方面的意义对等);有较强的翻译转移意识--能在不改变原意的基础上进行恰当的翻译转移(能避免汉语原文中的冗余信息,能补充汉语语句间的隐性逻辑关系,能对译句进行深层次的逻辑组构,译句能符合英语句子的逻辑构架和重量特点);语言流畅,用词恰当,符合英语规范 【没有语言上的失误,或仅有轻微失误(如介词、名词、代词、冠词等的误用)】

20 良好(6~7 + 4~5):能一定程度上进行进行词语 的正确翻译;偶尔能体现出翻译转移意识;语言较为 流畅,用词较为恰当,符合英语规范【有些一般性语 言错误(如谓语动词失误、时态错误、主谓一致性 错误、词类错误、语序错误、搭配错误等)】 合格(4~5 + 2~3):尚能进行词语的翻译,但多 局限于指称意义的翻译,在语境、语体、搭配等意义 的对等上有明显不足;句义尚且忠实,但缺乏翻译转 移意识,基本不能在不改变原意的基础上进行恰当的 翻译转移;语言尚流畅,部分用词不恰当,出现英语 病句。【有较多一般性语言错误或个别严重性语言失 误(如包括破裂句、连写句在内的全句性语法错误, 从句失误等)】。 不合格(2~3 +1)

21 汉英翻译的最低标准 最低标准:正确 (意思与原文相符、语言正确)
(无谓语动词失误、时态错误、主谓一致性错误、词类错误、语序错误、搭配错误、无破裂句、连写句在内的全句性语法错误,从句失误等)

22 2015年专八真题 茶花(Camellia)的自然花期在12月至翌年4月,以红色系为主,另有黄色系和白色系等,花色艳丽。本届花展充分展示了茶花的品种资源和科研水平,是近三年来本市规模最大的一届茶花展。为了使广大植物爱好者有更多与茶花亲密接触的机会,本届茶花展的布展范围延伸至整个园区,为赏花游客带来便利。 本次茶花展历时2个月,展期内200多个茶花品种将陆续亮相。

23 为了使广大植物爱好者有更多与茶花亲密接触的机会, 本届茶花展的布展范围延伸至整个园区,为赏花游客 带来便利。
In order to offer more opportunities let the one who like flowers contact with camellia, this flower exhibition will enlarged all of the garden. That’s more convinient to visitors to appreciate the camellia.(4分卷) In order to give more opportunities for people who love plants to contact intimately with camellia, the range of this camellia exhibition is extended to the whole park regions, which renders more convenience for the visitors to appreciate flowers. (5分卷) This exhibition extends to the whole garden in order to create more opportunities for plants passionate lovers to appreciate camellias closely, which does great convenience to the camellia views.(6分卷)

24 为了使广大植物爱好者有更多与茶花亲密接触的机会,本届茶 花展的布展范围延伸至整个园区,为赏花游客带来便利。
In order to increase the oppotunity for massive plant- lovers to have close touch with the camellia, the range of the exhibition has been extended to the whole garden, which brought great convenience to the tourists.(7分卷) In order to provide more opportunities for the plant lovers viewing camellia, the camellia exhibition this year will extend to the whole garden. It would be very convenient for the tourists who come to the flower exhibition.(8分卷) In order to create more opportunities for botanical lovers to closely approach the camellias, the exhibition of the camellia show has been expanded to the entire area of the park, which brings convenience to the visitors who come for the camellias. (9分卷)

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26 如果提高汉译英水平 大量阅读英文原著、杂志和英文报刊 欣赏高质量的译作以提高译文鉴赏能力
对经典名著及译文进行英汉对照阅读,体会二者之间的互译技巧 多读国内的外文刊物,特别注意一些具有中国特色词汇的翻译

27 2. 汉译英(不同于英译汉)的特点

28 汉译英是对汉语理解能力的检验(对行文的逻辑分析能力,对词语含意的准确体会,对文体风格差异的敏锐辨识)
汉译英是对英语表达能力实实在在的检验(文字基本功,意思组织)

29 汉译英是对汉语理解能力的检验:逻辑 金桂湖位于武汉的南部后花园—咸宁市咸安区南川水 库。
Jingui Lake, which lies in the south part of Wuhan, called the Back Garden—the Nanchuan reservoir. Jingui Lake is located in Southern back garden of Wuhan—the reservoir of Xian’an district of Xianning. Jingui Lake lies in the area of Nanchuan Reservoir, Xian’an District, Xianning, which is reputed as the Back Garden to the south of Wuhan. (p.9)

30 中国的1,800公里长的大运河,建成于公元610年, 流经17个城市,是世界上最古老、最长的人工水道。
水道:waterway (A navigable body of water, such as a river, channel, or canal) China’s Grand Canal, which is 1,800 kilometers long, was built in 610 AD and flows through 17 cities, is oldest and longest man-made waterway in the world. China’s 1,800-kilometer long Grand Canal, which was completed in 610 AD and flows through 17 cities, is the world’s oldest and longest human- made waterway.

31 汉译英是对英语表达能力实实在在的检验 按人口计算,中国是世界上最大的国家;按领土面积计 算,是第三大国家,仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大。
According to population figure, China is the largest country in the whole world; and according to area, it is the third largest, only next to Russia and Canada. In terms of population, China is the largest country in the world; and in terms of territorial area, it is the third, ranking only after Russia and Canada.

32 在中世纪,有大量的丝绸从中国运到中东和欧洲,走的 是古代的丝绸之路,到今天这条路还有痕迹可寻。
During the Middle Ages, there were large amounts of silk transported to the Middle East and Europe from China; the road they took was the ancient Silk Road, the traces of which can still be found today. During the Middle Ages, large amounts of silk were brought to the Middle East and Europe from China along the ancient Silk Road, which is still traceable nowadays.

33 “无论英译汉或汉译英,都必须有较高的英语水平,汉英翻译尤为如此。…也许可以这么说:如果一个人英文水平低,别的条件都具备,他只不过具备了全部翻译条件的百分之三十,还是不能进行翻译的;反之,如果一个人的英文水平较高,那么他就具备了翻译条件的百分之七十,也就是说,英文水平的高低是搞好汉英翻译的关键”。 --单其昌《汉英翻译技巧》 “有了这‘百分之七十’,其余‘百分之三十’才能发挥作用,翻译训练也才有效果。如果满篇都是语言错误,翻译水平的提高从何谈起?” --杨晓荣 《汉英翻译基础教程》

34 汉英翻译的最低标准 最低标准:正确 (意思与原文相符、语言正确) (无语法、句法、拼写、标点等错误)

35 3. 本学期重点与基本安排

36 汉译英的翻译单位 (P.2) 词语 vs. 句子 vs. 篇章 句子翻译与篇章翻译相结合 句子翻译:
找主语;小句之间的逻辑关系;汉语句子的“消肿”;连珠四字格的翻译 篇章翻译: 课后练习

37 本学期安排 课堂讲解(16周,句子部分;篇章部分) 篇章作业 /课后练习(4-6篇) 形式: a. 不收作业 课堂直接讲解
b. 收一部分作业,教师批

38 中式英语之鉴(琼 平卡姆) The translator’s guide to Chinglish by Joan Pinkham 北京外国语大学硕士研究生考试指定参考用书

39 关于本书的课堂quiz 每两周读一章,每两周关于指定章节的quiz 每次5道题目,对原文有误的译文或表达进行修改
5道题目均来自书上40道题目中的原文 一共8次测验,最低的一次成绩不要 平时成绩的50%,即总成绩的20%

40 译者的素质(p.8) 蜗阳苔干,名优特产,驰名中外,声震古今,翠绿、鲜嫩、清 脆、可口,有“天然海蜇”之称;清乾隆年间奉献皇宫,故又 名“贡菜”。 Taigan (a kind of dry stemmed vegetable) is a famous special local product of Woyang, Anhui Province. It is well- known all over the world. It can be regarded as “jellyfish on land”. It is green, tender, crisp and pleasant to taste. It was once an article of tribute in Qing Dynasty. 与外国读者相关的信息:乾隆、天然海蜇 It was once an article of tribute in Qing Dynasty. It was a tribute in Qing Dynasty. Taigan, a special local product of Woyang, Anhui province, is a kind of dry stemmed vegetable. It is green, tender, crisp and tasty, hence the name “seaweed on land”. It was a tribute in Qing Dynasty.


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