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第十八章 翻译批评及译文片段赏析 一、翻译风格与翻译批评 二、译文片段赏析.

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Presentation on theme: "第十八章 翻译批评及译文片段赏析 一、翻译风格与翻译批评 二、译文片段赏析."— Presentation transcript:

1 第十八章 翻译批评及译文片段赏析 一、翻译风格与翻译批评 二、译文片段赏析

2 译者的翻译思想与译者风格

3 译者的翻译思想与译者风格 1、翻译思想 2、翻译策略 3、翻译思想与翻译策略的关系 4、翻译策略与译者风格的关系
5、译者的翻译思想在译者风格中的体现 6、译者翻译思想的变化与译者风格的变化 7、译者的翻译思想是译者风格的制约因素之一

4 1、翻译思想 Theory (Oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation) 1. (explanation of the) general principles of an art or science (contrasted with practice) 2. reasoned supposition put forward to explain facts or events 3. sth conjectured, not necessarily based on reasoning

5 Principle (Oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation)
1. basic truth; general law of cause and effect 2. guiding rule for bahaviour 3. general law shown in the working of a machine, etc

6 刘宓庆(中西翻译思想比较研究 中国对外翻译出版公司,2005,11)
translation principle 指翻译家对翻译之“道”的经验的高度提升或高层级认知,这种认知又反过来指导他在更高层级上的实践,由此获得新的经验,从此周而复始。翻译思想通常表现为对译事的某种原则主张或基本理念,通常经历三个深化(或提升)阶段:体验(experiencing)、体认(knowing)、体悟(apprehending) 翻译思想是翻译理论的第三个层级(第一个是方法论;第二个是对策论)

7 2、翻译策略 Strategy The art of planning operations in war, esp of the movements of armies and navies into favourable positions for fighting; skill in managing any affairs Translation strategy (not listed in Shuttleworth, Mark & Cowie, Moira Dictionary of Translation Studies 上海外语教育出版社,2004):

8 3、翻译思想与翻译策略的关系 翻译思想的特征:高层级性、能产性、模糊性、传承性、迁延性 能产性(productive):产生对策、产生技巧
翻译思想产生对策,对策产生方法、技能、技巧。我国传统文化中有所谓“思定于笔”,也可以解释为思想决定技法,翻译也是如此:翻译思想决定翻译方法。

9 4、翻译策略与译者风格的关系 翻译策略直接限制译者风格

10 5、译者的翻译思想 在译者风格中的体现 傅雷的翻译思想与其翻译风格 严复的翻译思想与其翻译风格 朱生豪的翻译思想与其翻译风格

11 傅雷的翻译思想与其翻译风格 傅雷的翻译思想:傅雷在1951年9月撰写的《<高老头>重译本序》一文中提出:“翻译应像临画一样,所求的不在形似,而在神似。”他对此进一步的解释是“译文必须为纯粹之中文,无生硬拗口之病”[3](P291)。“纯粹之中文”就是中国规范语文。“译书的标准应该是这样,假设原作者是精通中国语文的,译本就是他使用中文完成的创作。” 傅雷的翻译策略:“我并不是说原文的句法绝对可以不管,在最大限度内我们是要保持原文句法的。但无论如何,要叫人觉得尽管句法新奇而仍不失为中文。”又曰:“风 格的传达,除了句法外,就没有别的方法可以传达。”而且“非杂糅各地方言不可”,不妨使用“旧小说套语”和“文言”,关键在于“如何调和,使风格不致破碎”[3](P155)。

12 傅雷的翻译风格:傅雷创造性地采取了在白话文中加入方言、行话、文言[5]和“旧小说套语”等办法来转达原文的风格和“神韵”,使之“水乳交融,语言流畅”。当中文不足以表达原作信息时,傅雷又提出在翻译中要“采用西洋长句”,“创造中国语言,加多句法变化”[3](P148)等。

13 傅雷译文举例 出生的婴儿在摇篮里扭动。老人进来虽然把木靴脱在门外,走路的时候地板还是格格的响:孩子哼啊嗐的哭了。母亲从床上探出身子抚慰他;祖父摸索着点起灯来,免得孩子在黑夜里害怕。灯光照出老约翰·米希尔红红的脸,粗硬的白须,忧郁易怒的表情,炯炯有神的眼睛。他走进摇篮,外套发出股潮气,脚下拖着双大蓝布鞋。鲁意莎做着手势叫他不要走近。她的淡黄头发差不多象白的;绵羊般和善的脸都打皱了,颇有些雀斑;没有血色的厚嘴唇不大容易合拢,笑起来非常胆怯;眼睛很蓝,迷迷惘惘的,眼珠只有极小的一点,可是挺温柔;——她不胜怜爱的瞅着孩子。(《约翰·克利斯朵夫》第一部 黎明)

14 严复的翻译思想与其翻译风格 严复的翻译思想: “译事三难:信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣,顾信矣不达,虽译犹不译也,则达尚焉。
“…… 此在译者将全文神理,融会于心。则下笔抒词,自然互备。至原文词理本深,难于共喻,则当前后引衬,以显其意。凡此经营,皆以为达,为达即所以为信也。 “《易》曰:‘修辞立城。’子曰:‘辞达而已。’又曰:‘言之无文,行之不远。’三者乃文章正轨,亦即为译事楷模。故信、达而外,求其尔雅。…… ” 严复的翻译策略:“他以桐城派古文译西书”[9],而且译书时“往往加上许多按语,发挥自己的见解”[12],“词句之间,时有所颠倒附益,不斤斤于字比句次。”(严复)“把整段原文拆开而照汉语习见的方式重新组句…… ” (王佐良)对于科学名词的处理“独有自具衡量,即义定名。…… ” (严复)

15 严复的翻译风格:译文尔雅,也合于达的标准,至于信,第一期似乎偏重意译,略亏于信,有读先秦子书的风味;第二期则略近直译。将原文透澈译出,而无颠倒删削,另外增加了许多原文所无之词句,不惟未变愿意,且使原文更显透达,译文更美丽流畅。(贺麟)

16 严复译文举例(《天演论》的开场白): It may be safely assumed that, two thousand years ago, before Caesar set foot in southern Britain, the whole country-side visible from the windows of the room in which I write, was in what is called “the state of Nature.” Except it may be, by raising a few sepulchral mounds, such as those which still, here and there, break the flowing contours of the downs, man’s hands had made no mark upon it; and the thin veil of vegetation which overspread the broad-backed heights and the shelving sides of the coombs was unaffected by his industry. 赫胥黎独处一室之中,在英伦之南,背山而面野。槛外诸境,历历如在几下。乃悬想二千年前,当罗马大将恺彻未到时,此间有何景物。计惟有天造草昧,人工未施,其借征人境者,不过几处荒坟,散见坡陀起伏间。而灌木丛林,蒙茸山麓,未经删治如今日者,则无疑也。

17 王佐良评:严复把整段原文拆开而照汉语习见的方式重新组句的:原文里的复合长句在译文里变成了若干平列短句,主从关系不见了,读起来反而更加流畅。原文里的I成了译文里的“赫胥黎”,也是值得注意的变化。为什么要这样变?很可能,是为了要使译文读起来象中国古代的说部与史书,史书的开头往往是:太史公曰、臣光曰之类

18 朱生豪的翻译思想与其翻译风格 朱生豪的翻译思想:朱生豪在译莎士比亚时曾言“第一在求于最大可能之范围内,保持原作之神韵,必不得已而求其次,亦必以明白晓畅之字句,忠实传达原文之意趣;而于逐字逐句对照式之硬译,则未敢赞同。 朱生豪翻译策略:凡遇原文与中国语法不合之处,往往再三咀嚼,不惜全部更易原文之结构,务使作者之命意豁然呈露,不为晦涩之字句所掩蔽。”

19 朱生豪的翻译风格:充分利用了汉语表达的优势,不拘泥于原文的语言细节,将原文的词序、句子结构、句型等加以熔化、分解、重新组合,再创造,产生出自然、通畅的译文。其译笔浑厚畅达、气势磅礴,如“行云流水”,“晦涩处也无滞重之笔”,他在“用散文体再现莎氏无韵诗的过程中,特别注意汉语言文字的音乐美,讲究平仄、押韵、节奏等声韵上的和谐。”[11]。 朱生豪的译文举例:朱生豪和曹禺翻译的莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的最后两句(For never was a story of more woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo)的译文: 朱译:古往今来多少离合悲欢,谁曾见这样的哀怨辛酸! 曹译:人间的故事,不能比这个更悲惨。 像幽丽叶和她的柔密欧所受的灾难。

20 译者的翻译思想随着对翻译认识的加深会发生变化 译者风格也随着译者的思想变化而随之发生变化 鲁迅的翻译思想与其翻译风格
6、译者翻译思想的变化与译者风格的变化 译者的翻译思想随着对翻译认识的加深会发生变化 译者风格也随着译者的思想变化而随之发生变化 鲁迅的翻译思想与其翻译风格

21 鲁迅的翻译思想:由“意译”到“直译” 鲁迅早期的翻译思想、策略与其风格:“改良思想,补助文明”,“翻译为媒介,使外国优秀文学作品起到思想上的借鉴作用”(郭著章等) “虽说译,其实乃是改作”, “年青时自作聪明, 不肯直译, 回想起来真是悔之已晚。” (鲁迅) 鲁迅的后期翻译思想、策略与其风格:“凡是翻译,必须兼顾两方面,一当然力求其易解,一则保存这原作的风姿,但这保存,却又和易解相矛盾:看不惯了。不过它原是洋鬼子,当然谁也看不惯,为比较顺眼的起见,只能改换他的衣裳,却不该削低他的鼻子,剜掉他的眼睛。我是不主张削鼻剜眼的,所以有些地方,仍然宁可译得不顺口。” (鲁迅) 实际上是直译、意译兼顾,译文表现出简洁、凝练的艺术特色,译文中根本看不到因过分生吞活剥的痕迹,它既再现了原作者所特有的细密笔触,又不失表达上的优美与流利。

22 鲁迅前期译文举例(《地底旅行》) : 第二回 割爱情挥手上征途 教冒险登高吓游子 却说亚蘺士梦中听得叫声,吓了一跳,幸而子细听去,是平日常来惊梦的洛因,在外扣窗说道:“亚蘺士君,再不起来,又要讨叔父的骂了。”亚蘺士连声称是。急忙起床,洗盥毕,已是朝餐时候。走进食堂,见叔父列曼,笑容可掬的,已吃得腹笥便便,还拿乳羔炙鸡,张着口大啖不止。……

23 译文对比赏析 ——朱自清散文《匆匆》两种译文的批评及赏析

24 匆匆

25 作者简介 朱自清,原名自华,字佩弦,号秋实 生于光绪二十四年十月初九( 1898年11月22日),逝于1948年8月12日
现代著名散文家、诗人、学者、战士。原籍浙江绍兴。

26 作品赏析 朱自清的散文诗《匆匆》写于1922年3月28日。时是“五四”落潮期,现实不断给作者以失望。但是诗人在彷徨中并不甘心沉沦,他站在他的“中和主义”立场上执着地追求着。 全诗在淡淡的哀愁中透出诗人心灵不平的低诉,这也反映了“五四”落潮期知识青年的普遍情绪。

27 作品赏析 本文围绕“匆匆”展开叙述,先写日子一去不复返的特点;再写自己八千多个日子来去匆匆和稍纵即逝,作者思绪万千,由景及人,叹息不已。最后,作者发出内心的感叹。 文章的特点: 一是结构精巧,层次清楚,转承自然,首尾呼应 二是文字清秀隽永,纯朴简练 三是情景交融,无论是写燕子、杨柳、桃花,还是写太阳,都与“我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢”的感叹融为一体,处处流露出作者对时光流逝感到无奈和惋惜。

28 译者简介 V1:张培基:中国翻译界的权威专家,桃李满天下,著作颇丰。张教授的翻译风格忠实凝炼,英文十分地道。

29 Outline Part1.选词忠于原文风格与情感 Part2.选词准确译出语义连贯译文 Part3.句子结构与句法处理

30 选词忠于原文风格与情感 匆匆 part1

31 在默默里算着,八千多日子已经从我手中溜去;象针尖上一滴水滴在大海里,我的日子滴在时间的流里,没有声音也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了
V1:At the thought of this ,sweat oozes from my forehead and tears trickle down my cheeks. Oozes:慢慢地冒出, 渗出 Trickle: 滴, 淌, 细流 V2:I can’t help dripping with sweat and weeping many tears. Dripping: 滴出, 漏下 Weeping:(通常因悲伤)哭泣,流泪

32 “ooze”和“trickle” 传神地表达了作者因紧张、焦虑、羞愧而出汗和流泪的情景 “dripping”和“weeping” 表达了汗流浃背、满头大汗、泪眼滂沱的形象

33 太阳他有脚啊,轻轻悄悄地挪移了;我也茫茫然跟着旋转
V1:The sun has feet too,edging away softly and stealthily. And,without knowing it,I am alerady caught in its revolution . softly and stealthily:再现了原文中“轻轻悄悄地”这样叠字的效果 Softly:轻轻地; 轻柔地; 温和地; 柔和地 Stealthily:悄无声息的, 表达了作者对斗转星移,时间流逝的无奈心绪 V2:The sun also has feet; it moves away on tiptoe and I follow it aimlessly. on tiptoe:“踮着脚尖 ,蹑足而行 ”,有静悄悄,偷偷摸摸的意思。有一种俏皮感,无法将作者内心的那份无奈之情体现出来。

34 我觉察他去的匆匆了,伸出手遮挽时,他又从遮挽着的手边过去,
V1: Aware of its fleeting presence. I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my feet. Fleeting: 短暂的;闪现的,一闪即逝的。 brushing past:擦过 V2:When I feel them go away so hurriedly, I reach out my hands only to hold them back before they are beyond my grasp. hurriedly:仓促地,慌忙地

35 Hurry :则给人一种急急忙忙的感觉,有主观的意味在其中,无法表达出时光悄然而逝的意味,并且没有美感!
Fleeting& hurriedly Fleeting: 能够形象地表示出时间的短暂性,是转瞬即逝的。就好像我们在说话的此刻,时间已经一分一秒地过去,并且一去不复返。这是客观的,使我们无法控制的。 Hurry :则给人一种急急忙忙的感觉,有主观的意味在其中,无法表达出时光悄然而逝的意味,并且没有美感! 因此,fleeting更能准确地传达原文中作者的情感!表现出作者对时间逝去的无奈与惋惜。这是hurry一词所无法达到的!

36 在八千多日的匆匆里,除徘徊外,又剩些什么呢?
V1: What have I been doing during the 8,000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering? V2: In these over eight thousand hurried days, what has been left to me besides hesitation?

37 Hesitate&waver 这两个动词均含“犹豫,踌躇”之意。
传神地描绘出有志青年心中的犹豫、彷徨以及对自己的前途的迷茫之感!能够更好地传递原文的情感!!不是hesitation这种对具体事情的犹豫。

38 小结 V1---(张培基译) 较准确与传神地译出原文作者的情感:对时光逝去的无奈 用词更具有美感,符合原文散文诗的特点。
有些选词不能准确地传达作者的感情 部分选词没有美感

39 小结 原文风格与感情不可忽视 文学翻译要注意措辞的文学性, 创造性, 具有文学色彩 译者必须心领神会原作的精神, 避免机 械地逐词翻译
译者应先捕捉原作的思想、感情、风格、神韵, 然后运用自己的匠心把它们表现在另一语言里。 摘自

40 选词准确译出语义连贯译文 匆匆 part2

41 题目 “ 匆 匆 ” V1:The Transient Days
V2:Days gone by Transient: 暂短的,转瞬即逝的即逝的 (continue only a short time ) Go by: 逝去,过去 (to pass)

42 transient 1.“transient”的暂短,转瞬即逝与文中主题“匆匆”意义相符——the days passed quickly without being conscious of them (在文中“匆匆”是表达了作者对时光匆匆流逝而感到无奈) 2.“transient”一词更能表达出对短暂的事物的无奈,感慨之情。如what a transient life! (多么短暂的生命啊!) go by 1.体现出的是“时间在逝去”,还有“追悔失去的美好日子” 之意,并未体现出作者想表达的“短暂,快”

43 我不知道他们给了我多少日子;但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。
V1:I don't know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away. V2:I don't know how many days I have been given, but they in my hands are becoming numbered. Wear away:消逝,衰退,变光滑,变薄,磨薄 (make sth become ,gradually thinner or smoother by continuously using.) Numbered:有限的,时日无多的

44 Wear away 1.(消逝,衰退,变光滑,变薄,磨薄)一种形象化的翻译对应了作者形象化的描述 2.“wear away”这个词所表达的意思是一个过程,正好对应了文中的“渐渐”二字 Numbered 1.此词用在这里有点牵强,作者写此文时年仅二三十岁,用“时日无多”来形容显得有些不妥。 2.用此词翻译使文章失去了味道

45 聪明的你,告诉我,我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?
聪明的你,告诉我,我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?  V1:But, tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return? V2:But please tell me, genius, why then have my days gone and never returned? Wise:充满智慧的,英明的 (able to make sensible decision and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge that you have. ) Genius:天才,天资(usually great intelligence , skill or artistic ability )

46 Wise 1.作为形容词在意思上和原文符合 2.多用于文学作品中 3.韵律 Genius 1.意思上与原文有出入 2.口语化

47 我的日子滴在时间的流里,没有声音也没有影子。
V1: ……my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace. V2:……my days been dripping into the river of time, quietly and invisibly. Stream:小河,溪,流 (a small narrow river, a continuous flow of liquid or gas. ) River:河,江 (a natural flow of water that continuous in a long line across land to the sea/ocean. )

48 Stream River 1.不管从直译的角度,还是意译的角度这个词都符和文意。Stream这个词多用于文学作品中。 2.这个词有比喻性
1.一个很正规的词,无比喻性,使翻译出来的文章缺乏美感 2.指大事件的时间流

49 在逃去如飞的日子里,在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢?
V1:Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions, what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life? V2:In these swiftly escaping days, what can I do in this world amongst thousands of households? Teeming:大量的,充满的 (present in large numbers; full of people)

50 Thousands of households
Teeming millions 1.用teeming millions,来再现原文的“千门万户”, 与原文的夸张形容达到吻合 2. 属貌不似而神似 Thousands of households 1.所用的词语貌似忠实于原文,实际上仅有语言形式的对应,而非思想内涵的等值,是脱离语境,导致理解出现偏差,所以译文未能达意

51 小结 语言中一词多义的词语很多,词语的意义是不固定的,在不同的场合会有不同的意义,词语按不同的方式组合起来也会产生意义的变化,只有使它进入句子这样的符号链中,或者在特定的上下文中,其意义才能得到确定。 从翻译的角度来看,脱离上下文,就无法译出语义连贯的译文,因此在翻译实践中,必须结合具体的语境进行得体的选词,而不是把词孤立于语境之外,盲目地寻找字面上的“等值”。

52 老舍 搞创作的有遣字造词的自由,搞翻译的却没有;翻译工作者必须随着原文走,不能望生义,随便添减。

53 句子结构与句法处理 匆匆 part3

54 燕子去了,有再来的时候;杨柳枯了,有再青的时候;桃花谢了,有再开的时候。
V1.If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again. If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again. 一般现在时 表示恒常的事实(时间的匆匆流逝是不以人的意志为转移的,是浑然一体的,并暗示了读者要珍惜宝贵的时间) 三个独立的句子 结构上不够紧凑,层次感不强 V2. When the swallows have gone, there is still time to return; when the poplar and willow trees have become withered, there is still time to see green; when the peach flowers have already faded, there is still time to blossom. 现在完成时 用在这样的主题下欠妥 三个分句 将具有代表性但表示同类“有去有回”的景象联系在了一起,表达同一层意思,与后文形成对比。更易于突出时间的“一去不复返 ”

55 于是——洗手的时候,日子从水盆里过去;吃饭的时候,日子从饭碗里过去;默默时,便从凝然的双眼前过去。
V1.Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I have meal; passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie. 状语后置,主语只出现一次 复合英文习惯,整个句子紧密连接,层次感强,简洁 V2.When I wash my hands, my days wash off into my basin; when I am eating, the days vanish from my bowl; and when I am sitting silently, my days pass by my gazing eyes. 状语前置,主语出现了三次 按照中文习惯,死板地照搬中文的平行结构,拖沓 “翻译时并不是所有的平行或对等结构都要‘对等的’译过去,否则译文会变得邋遢又啰嗦,也不能表达出原文的深层含义” ——张培基

56 是有人偷了他们罢:那是谁?又藏在何处呢?是他们自己逃走了:现在又到了哪里呢?
是有人偷了他们罢:那是谁?又藏在何处呢?是他们自己逃走了:现在又到了哪里呢?   V1. Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and who could be hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at present moment? 虚拟语气 表示了作者的怀疑、不相信,点明了时间的一维性、一去不复返性 V2.If some people have stolen them, then who are they? And where are they hidden? If they have escaped by themselves, then where are they now? 真实条件句 虽然是表示假设,但与文章主旨不符

57 V1.Why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing?
但不能平的,为什么偏要白白走这一遭呢? V1.Why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing? 被动语态 与《圣经》中上帝造物观点一致,符合西方人观念,易于读者理解 V2.But,this is unfair to me…why did I come to this world for nothing? 主动语态 比较汉语化,不符合西方人观念 由于表达习惯上的差异,英语往往习惯用被动语态来表达, 而汉语则用主动语态来表达。翻译时经常进行语态的转换是十分必要的。 从语法角度看,在未明确主语的前提下用被动语态更佳

58 过去的日子如轻烟却被微风吹了,如薄雾,被初阳蒸融了。 {一个主语,两个宾语,谓语采用被动式,并列分句}
V1.The bygone days, like wisps of smoke, have been dispersed by gentle winds, and, like thin mist, have been evaporated by the rising sun. 句子成分与汉语相同,两个并列分句句式相同 V2. The past days like light smoke are blown away with the breeze or like a thin layer of mist evaporate with the morning sun. 两个并列分句句式相异,后句采用了主动式,变宾语为状语

59 小结 “翻译时并不是所有的平行或对等结构都要‘对等的’译过去,否则译文会变得邋遢又啰嗦,也不能表达出原文的深层含义” ——张培基
由于表达习惯上的差异,英语往往习惯用被动语态来表达,而汉语则用主动语态来表达。翻译时经常进行语态的转换是十分必要的。从语法角度看,在未明确主语的前提下用被动语态更佳

60 reference 谈译文的形式与内容--比较张培基和张梦井翻译的朱自清散文《匆匆》 《实用汉英翻译教程》外语教学与研究出版社
《汉英翻译基础》 上海外语教育出版社 A Course in Chinese-English Translation 《张培基先生和他的翻译》

61 Thank you ^^

62 附:《匆匆》原文及两个译文    燕子去了,有再来的时候;杨柳枯了,有再青的时候;桃花谢了,有再开的时候。但是,聪明的,你告诉我,我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?——是有人偷了他们罢:那是谁?又藏在何处呢?是他们自己逃走了:现在又到了哪里呢?       我不知道他们给了我多少日子;但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在默默里算着,八千多日子已经从我手中溜去;象针尖上一滴水滴在大海里,我的日子滴在时间的流里,没有声音也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。       去的尽管去了,来的尽管来着,去来的中间,又怎样的匆匆呢?早上我起来的时候,小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。太阳他有脚啊,轻轻悄悄地挪移了;我也茫茫然跟着旋转。于是——洗手的时候,日子从水盆里过去;吃饭的时候,日子从饭碗里过去;默默时,便从凝然的双眼前过去。我觉察他去的匆匆了,伸出手遮挽时,他又从遮挽着的手边过去,天黑时,我躺在床上,他便伶伶俐俐地从我身边垮过,从我脚边飞去了。等我睁开眼和太阳再见,这算又溜走了一日。我掩着面叹息。但是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。       在逃去如飞的日子里,在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢?只有徘徊罢了,只有匆匆罢了;在八千多日的匆匆里,除徘徊外,又剩些什么呢?过去的日子如轻烟却被微风吹散了,如薄雾,被初阳蒸融了;我留着些什么痕迹呢?我何曾留着象游丝样的痕迹呢?我赤裸裸来到这世界,转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去罢?但不能平的,为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊?       你聪明的,告诉我,我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?                                                       1922年3月28日   

63 张培基译文 Transient Days   If swallows go away,they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again.If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again. But, tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return? Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and who could be hide them?Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at present moment?   I don't know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away. Counting up silently, I find that more than days have already slipped away through my fingers.Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean, my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace. At the thought of this ,sweat oozes from my forehead and tears tickle down my cheeks.   

64 What is gone is gone, what is to come keeps coming
What is gone is gone, what is to come keeps coming. How swift is the transition in between! When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun cast two or three squarish patches of light into my small room. The sun has feet too, edging away softly and stealthily. And, without knowing it, I am already caught in its revolution .Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I have meal; passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie. Aware of its fleeting presence. I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my feet. By the time when I open my eyes to meet the sun again ,another day is already gone. I have a sigh, my head buried in my hands. But, in the midst of my sights, a new day is flashing past.   Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions, what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life ? What have I been doing during the 8,000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering? the bygone days, like wisps of smoke, have been dispersed by gentle winds, and, like thin mist, have been evaporated by the rising sun. What traces have I left behind? No ,nothing, not even gossamer-like traces. I have come to this world stark naked, and in the twinkling of an eye, I am go to back as stark naked as ever. However, I am taking it very much to heart: why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing at all?   O you the wise, would you tell me please: why should our days go by never to return?

65 张梦井译文 Days Gone By When the swallows have gone, there is still time to return; when the poplar and willow trees have become withered, there is still time to see green; when the peach flowers have already faded, there is still time to blossom. But please tell me, the genius, why then have my days gone and never returned? If some people have stolen them, then who are they? And where are they hidden? If they have escaped by themselves, then where are they now? I don't know how many days I have been given, but they in my hands are becoming numbered. Counting silently, eight thousand days have slipped by. Just like water drops a pinpoint dripping slowly into the vast ocean, my days been dripping into the river of time, quietly and invisibly. I can’t help dripping with sweat and weeping many tears.

66 Although the goings have gone and the comings are constantly coming, how hurried is the time between? When I get up in the morning, I see two or three ribbons of light streaming into my room. The sun also has feet; it moves away on tiptoe and I follow it aimlessly. When I wash my hands, my days wash off into my basin; when I am eating, the days vanish from my bowl; and when I am sitting silently, my days pass by my gazing eyes. When I feel them go away so hurriedly, I reach out my hands only to hold them back before they are beyond my grasp. When it is dark, I lie upon my bed and watch days cleverly jump over my body or fly away from my feet. When I open my eyes to meet the sun again, another day has gone by. I cover my face and sigh, but the spark of a new day begins to flash away in my breath. In these swiftly escaping days, what can I do in this world amongst thousands of households? I can do nothing but hesitate and hurry. In these over eight thousand hurried days, what has been left to me besides hesitation? The past days like light smoke are blown away with the breeze or like a thin layer of mist evaporate with the morning sun. And what mark have I left in the world? When have I ever left a mark as tiny as a hairspring? I came to this world naked, soon I’ll leave here naked too. But, it's unfair to me. . . why did I come to this world for nothing? You, the genius, please tell me why our days have gone by and have never returned?


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