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牙折 tooth fracture.

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Presentation on theme: "牙折 tooth fracture."— Presentation transcript:

1 牙折 tooth fracture

2 Etiology 病因 外力直接撞击,咀嚼咬到沙石、碎骨等硬物。
be impacted by force,biting hard food.

3 Clinic characteristics
临床表现 Clinic characteristics 按部位分: 冠折 Crown fracture 根折 Root fracture 冠根联合折 Crown-root fracture

4 按损伤和牙髓关系分: 露髓 不露髓

5 冠折 crown fracture 前牙 : 横折、斜折 Anterior tooth: horizontal or inclined

6 后牙 : 斜折、纵折 Posterior teeth:inclined or vertical

7 根折 root fracture

8 颈 1/3、根中 1/3、根尖 1/3 cervix-thirds,middle-thirds,apical-thirds

9 根折可有牙齿松动、叩痛、龈沟出血、粘膜触痛等。
有的早期无明显症状,数日后出现。

10 无根折外伤恒牙牙髓坏死率为 38%~59% 根折牙牙髓坏死率为20%~24%,断端间隙利于炎症引流。

11 X片是诊断根折的重要依据 Diagnosis can be carried out by radiographic examination

12 冠根折 crown-root fracture

13 以斜行多见,牙髓常暴露。 The fracture will often be inclined with pulp exposure

14 冠折 crown fracture 治疗 Treatment 缺损少牙本质未暴露,磨光锐边。
Without dentin exposure,selective grinding of the incisal edge is sufficient.

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16 牙本质暴露敏感者,盖髓树脂修复。 Cover with Ca(OH)2 and composite resin restoration if dentin is expose and sensitive

17 牙髓暴露,牙根发育完成者行活髓摘除术,牙根发育未完成者行活髓切断术。
In case of a pulp exposure,pulpectomy is indicated if the root apical is developed,pulpotomy is sufficient if the root apical is developing.

18 根折 root fracture 根中1/3折,根尖1/3折 middle-thirds,apical-thirds
用夹板固定三个月,如牙冠端有错位,在固定前应复位。 Reposition the coronal fragment and use splinting for 3 months

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20 在治疗后1、3、6、12个月定期复查牙髓的活力状况,一旦发现牙髓有炎症或坏死趋势,则应作根管治疗术。
Check for pulpal complications after 1 month,3 months,6 months and 12 months.If pulp necrosis occurs,root canal therapy should be done.

21 颈1/3折断:均先行根管治疗 断端在龈上,根管治疗后桩核冠修复
Cervix-thirds fracture:root canal therapy should be done 断端在龈上,根管治疗后桩核冠修复 If fracture surface above gingival level,a post-retained full crown is fabricated after RCT.

22 断端在龈下牙槽骨上,龈切暴露断面桩核冠修复。
Fracture surface between gingival and alveolar:a post-retained crown is fabricated after gingivectomy expose the fracture surface.

23 断端在牙槽骨下<4mm,牙根较长,可手术或正畸方法牵引后,桩核冠修复。
If fracture surface is 4mm below the alveolar and the root length is enough ,surgical or orthodontic extrusion of the root ,to move the fracture surface to amore optimal location for final restoration

24 Composite resin splint
树脂夹板固定 Composite resin splint

25 Healing of root fracture
根折的转归 Healing of root fracture 钙化性愈合 Calcified healing 结缔组织性愈合 Connective tissue healing 骨、结缔组织联合愈合 Hard-connective tissue union healing 断端被慢性炎症组织分开 The fragment is separated by chronic inflammation tissue

26 冠根联合折crown-root fracture:
可作根管治疗,具备桩核冠修复的冠根联合折,应保留。 The tooth with crown-root fracture which can be restored by a post retained full crown should be saved to receive RCT

27 vertical root fracture
牙根纵裂 vertical root fracture 发生在牙根的纵裂,未波及牙冠者。 Vertical root fracture, not involving the crown.

28 Etiology 病因 慢性持续性的创伤合力 Chronic durative traumatic occlusal force
牙根发育缺陷 Defect of root development 无髓牙 Pulpless tooth

29 内因:牙本质脱水,失去弹性,牙变 脆,致使牙抗折力降低。
无髓牙 Pulpless tooth 内因:牙本质脱水,失去弹性,牙变 脆,致使牙抗折力降低。 外因: 侧方加压充填根管 桩或桩核修复 其他

30 Clinic characteristics
临床表现 Clinic characteristics X线检查对诊断牙根纵裂有重要意义 Diagnosis can be carried out by radiographic examination

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32 治疗 Treatment 松动明显,牙周破坏严重或单根牙的牙根纵裂,均应拔除。
The tooth should be extracted if it is very loose or of severe periodontal lesion or vertical root fracture in single rooted tooth.

33 牙周病损局限且牙稳固的磨牙,可在根管治疗后行牙半切术或截根术。
Tooth hemiresection or root resection is performed after RCT if the molar is steady and of limited periodontal lesion.

34 牙半切术 tooth hemiresection 截根术 root resection

35 第七章 牙体慢性损伤 慢性损伤 楔状缺损 牙隐裂 磨牙症 磨损 酸蚀症

36 楔状缺损 wedge-shaped defect 楔状缺损是牙齿唇、颊颈部硬组织缓慢磨耗所致,因该缺损常呈楔状而得名。
Wedge-shaped defect is caused by tardy abrasion of buccal cervix hard tissues.

37 Structure of tooth cervix
病因 Etiology 刷牙不当 Improper teeth brushing 牙颈部结构 Structure of tooth cervix

38 Weariness of hard tissues
酸作用 Acid erosion 牙体组织疲劳 Weariness of hard tissues

39 Clinic characteristics
临床表现 Clinic characteristics 由2~3个平面组成,坚硬光滑,为牙本色。 Usually have 2 or 3 surfaces,hard and smooth,tooth-like color。

40 根据缺损程度分浅型、深型和穿髓3型 前磨牙好发,常左右对称,有牙龈退缩 随年龄增长,楔状缺损有增加趋势
Be classified with shallow,deep and pulp exposure according to the depth of the lesion 前磨牙好发,常左右对称,有牙龈退缩 Most commonly occur on the buccal surface of bicuspids symmetrically and accompany with gingival recession 随年龄增长,楔状缺损有增加趋势 The sizes of abrasions increase with age

41 Treatment and prevention
治疗和预防 Treatment and prevention 改正刷牙方法 Correct tooth brushing 牙体缺损少无牙本质过敏,不需处理。 Careful observation if there is no tooth sensitivity and the lesions are small

42 有牙本质过敏,可用药物、激光等脱敏。 牙体缺损多,可充填修复。
Desensitization with medicine or laser if there is dentin hypersensitive 牙体缺损多,可充填修复。 Fillings if the lesions are extension

43 牙髓感染或根尖病变时,作髓病或根管治疗。
Root canal therapy is performed if there is pulpitis or periapical periodontitis. 缺损导致牙齿横折时,根据情况作根管治疗或拔除。 Root canal therapy or extraction are performed if tooth fracture is occurred.

44 牙隐裂 cracked tooth 又称不全牙裂或牙微裂,指牙冠表面非生理性细小裂纹。
Fine non-physiological crack on the surface of the crown

45 Etiology 病因 牙齿结构薄弱环节 牙尖斜度大 创伤合力 Weak tache of tooth structure
Big cuspid pitch 创伤合力 Traumatic occlusal force

46 Clinic characteristics
临床表现 Clinic characteristics 隐裂牙发生于上颌磨牙最多,其次是下颌磨牙,第一磨牙多于第二磨牙。 Most commonly occur on maxillary molar, and secondly on mandibular molar.The crack occurs on first molar is more than that on second molar.

47 隐裂线 Cracked line 下颌 上颌 mandibular maxillar

48 表浅者无症状,较深时,遇冷热刺激敏感或咬合不适。
深隐裂有牙髓炎症状和定点咀嚼痛。 碘酊等可渗入隐裂处 探针撬动隐裂处有疼痛感,棉签置可疑牙尖上咬合,有撕裂样疼痛。 隐裂线

49 Treat the cracked tooth
治疗 Treatment 调合 Occlusal adjustment 均衡合力 Balance occlusal force 处理隐裂牙 Treat the cracked tooth 113

50 第八章牙本质过敏症 牙本质过敏症(dentine hypersensitivity)又称过敏性牙本质(hypersensitive dentine),是牙齿受到外界刺激,引起的酸痛症状。 不是一种独立疾病,是各种牙病共有症状。 115

51 病因 Etiology 使牙本质暴露的各种原因 不是所有牙本质暴露的牙齿都有症状 与牙本质暴露的时间、修复性牙本质形成快慢有关。
牙本质暴露还不能解释所有临床表现

52 发病机理 Pathogenesis 2.牙本质纤维传导学说:成牙本质细胞原浆突中含有乙酰胆碱酶,它在受刺激后引起神经传导,产生疼痛
管间牙本质 管周牙本质 前期牙本质 2.牙本质纤维传导学说:成牙本质细胞原浆突中含有乙酰胆碱酶,它在受刺激后引起神经传导,产生疼痛 3.流体动力学:外界刺激使牙本质小管内液体移动搅动了牙髓内容物,间接兴奋游离神经末稍,传入冲动产生痛觉 1.神经学说:牙本质中存在牙髓神经末梢,感觉可由牙本质表层传导入牙髓

53 Clinic characteristics and diagnosis
临床表现和诊断 Clinic characteristics and diagnosis 探诊 Exploration 温度试验 Temperature test

54 石川修三的评定标准 0度:冷刺激和机械刺激无疼痛 1度:可诱发疼痛,但疼痛较轻微 2度:可诱发可以忍受的疼痛 3度:可诱发难以忍受的疼痛

55 主观评价 疼痛3级评判法 数字化疼痛评判法 Subjective evaluation Verbal rating scale,VRS
Visual analogue scale,VAS

56 治疗 Treatment 封闭牙本质小管,减少或避免牙本质内液体流动。
Seal the dentinal tubule to decrease or avoid the flowing of the liquid inside dentin

57 药物治疗 medication 氟化物 氟化氨银 氯化锶 树脂类脱敏剂 其他药物 碘化银

58 激光治疗 Laser 修复治疗 Restoration

59 磨 损 Abrasion 由于单纯机械摩擦作用而造成的牙体硬组织慢性磨耗称为磨损。

60 Clinic characteristics
临床表现 Clinic characteristics 咀嚼磨损 非咀嚼磨损

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62 病理变化 Pathological change 磨损 牙本质暴露 修复性牙本质 牙髓腔体积缩小

63 Physiological meaning
生理意义 Physiological meaning 均匀适宜的磨损对牙周组织的健康有重要意义

64 并发症 Syndrome 牙本质过敏症 食物嵌塞 牙髓和根尖周病 颞下颌关节紊乱病 创伤合 创伤性溃疡

65 治疗 Treatment 生理性磨损,如无症状无需处理。 去除和改正引起病理性磨损的原因 有牙本质过敏者,作脱敏处理。

66 不均匀磨损需调合。 导致牙髓和根尖周病时,按常规进行 牙髓病、根尖周病治疗。 有食物嵌塞者,应恢复点接触和重建合面溢出沟。并发颞下颌关节紊乱病,应作覆盖义齿修复。

67 磨 牙 症 Bruxism 睡眠时有习惯性磨牙或白昼也有无意识磨牙习惯者,称为磨牙症。

68 发病因素 Etiology 心理因素 合不协调 全身因素 职业

69 Clinic characteristics
临床表现 Clinic characteristics 磨牙型 紧咬型 混合型

70 治疗 Treatment 去除致病因素 合板的应用 调磨咬合 修复治疗 肌电反馈治疗 治疗各种并发症

71 酸 蚀 症 Erosion 酸雾或酸酐作用与牙而造成的牙硬组织损害称为酸蚀症。

72 病 因 Etiology 主要由无机酸,如盐酸、硝酸等所致,其中以盐酸的危害最大。

73 Clinic characteristics
临床表现 Clinic characteristics 最初仅有感觉过敏,进而产生实质缺损。 多发生于前牙唇面。 酸蚀的形式因酸而异。

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75 Treatment and prevention
治疗和预防 Treatment and prevention 改善劳动条件 局部药物脱敏 缺损严重者可充填法、修复法处理。 并发牙髓病变者,应先作牙髓病治疗。


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