Grammar and usage.

Presentation on theme: "Grammar and usage."— Presentation transcript:

1 Grammar and usage

2 an enjoyable experience
noun adjective best friends adjective noun

3 the rules of the school rule, school noun: of preposition: a prepositional phrase: of the school

4 the article about your experience in the UK nouns: article, experience and UK prepositional phrase: about your experience and in the UK

5 the green team the team in green the team who were wearing green

6 An attributive clause modifies a noun in the same way that an adjective or prepositional phrase does. The noun which the attributive clause modifies is called an antecedent.

7 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语从句相当形容词的作用在句中作定语。
定语从句的定义： 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语从句相当形容词的作用在句中作定语。 定语从句所修饰的名词叫先行词。

8 the green team team the team in green the team who were wearing green

9 a boy who is brave and wearing glasses
Harry Potter a brave boy a boy with glasses a boy who is brave and wearing glasses attributive (用来修饰名词的成分)

10 who The boy is Tom. The boy is handsome. The boy /the boy is handsome
the boy = who

11 The apple/ the apple is green is mine.
The apple is mine. which The apple/ the apple is green is mine. the apple = which

12 who, whom 人 物 relative pronouns: which
The boy who is tall is my best friend. The woman whom we saw is my teacher. who, whom 人 The pen which is blue is his. 物 which

13 that 人，物 whose 人， …….的 The girl that is under that tree is my sister.
The bag that is big is lost. that 人，物 The dog whose name is Rover is cute. whose 人， …….的

14 relative adverbs: 地点 where 时间 when 原因 why

15 An astronaut is a person.
He works and travels in space. An astronaut is a person. He works and travels in space. who

16 A space craft is a vehicle (运载工具). 　
It can travel in space. A space craft is a vehicle __________ can travel in space. that / which

17 关系词 先行词 The girl who is brave is Lily. 定语从句 主句

18 who, that, which, whose, whom
He would hire a man ________ is good at English. He is a man _________ you can safely depend on. The only thing _________ I can do is to wait. This is the library __________ he loves best. The man __________ hair are grey is ninety years old now. whom/who/that that which/that whose

19 David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had.
Paragraph 1： David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had. the antecedent: the most helpful students the relative pronoun: that

20 In 1998, he went to Oxford University
where he got interested in Chinese culture. the antecedent: Oxford University the relative adverb: where

21 Paragraph 2: Some of the cities in China which he likes mostare Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. the antecedent: some of the cities the relative pronoun: which

22 Most of the students that he taught
have become his friends. the antecedent: most of the students the relative pronoun: that

23 Paragraph 3： the antecedent: gifts the relative pronoun: that
Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students. the antecedent: gifts the relative pronoun: that

24 The paintings that David donated to the school
are being displayed in the assembly hall. the antecedent: the paintings the relative pronoun: that

25 主语(subject)是执行句子的行为 或动作的主体。 我扫地。 我 我 我读书。 花 花死了。

26 My school is not far from my house.
We We like our school very much. Two and two Two and two is four. Seeing is believing. Seeing Professor Zhang Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.

27 谓语(predicate)是对主语动作或状态的陈 述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
我扫地。 扫 我写字。 写 我摘苹果。 摘

28 He practises running every morning. practises
Yesterday afternoon he reached Guilin. reached She takes good care of her mother. takes good care of 　I made your birthday cake last night. made

29 宾语(object)是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。
我写字。 字 我取钥匙。 钥匙 我找张老师。 张老师 他开汽车。 汽车

30 They saw a film yesterday.
He bought a dictionary. dictionary We all like him. him They helped the old with their homework yesterday. the old

31 长长的 长长的桌子 舒适的椅子 舒适的 酷酷的 酷酷的男孩 漂亮的 漂亮的女孩
定语(attributive)是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子.汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 长长的 长长的桌子 舒适的椅子 舒适的 酷酷的 酷酷的男孩 漂亮的 漂亮的女孩

32 He is a naughty and smart boy.
She is a lovely girl. lovely The little boy needs a blue pen. little blue Tom is a handsome boy. handsome The boy in blue is Tom. in blue

33 表语(predicative)是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，它常位于联系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。
I am a student. a student His job is selling CD. selling CD

34 状语(adverbial adjunct)说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
他高兴地玩游戏。 高兴地 我刻苦地学习。 刻苦地 她在房间里读书。 在房间

35 Lily speaks English very well.
Tom is playing under the tree. under the tree Light travels most quickly. most quickly Factories are seen here and there. here and there

36 Which or That can both refer to things, but we usually use that instead of which in such cases.

37 1.Antecedent itself is an infinitive pronoun (不定代词)like all, few, everything, nothing or anything…
I’ve known everything that I need to know. That is all that I want to say.

38 2.The antecedent is modified by an ordinal number （序数词）or a superlative adjective（形容词最高级）
This is the best food that I’ve ever had! The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.

39 The antecedent is modified by the very,
the only… There is the only one lake that hasn’t been polluted.

40 The antecedent has both
people and things The little boy and his dog that you saw just now live in this house.

41 人 that, who who one, ones, anyone, those that/who There be…
Anyone who has different ideas may put up your hand.

42 whom指人, 作宾语 (可省略)，比who作宾语 更正式 The astronaut (whom Harry Potter met in space) is Yang Liwei .

43 He is the character of the book. His name is Harry Potter.
whose指人或物, 作定语 (不可省略) He is the character of the book. His name is Harry Potter. He is the character of the book (whose name is Harry Potter). I have read the book (whose character I like very much).