can and could may and might will and would shall and should

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1 can and could may and might will and would shall and should
情态动词用法    can and could may and might will and would shall and should must and can’t

2 He can take part in the Olympics.
He may win the golden medal. To win it, he must run faster.

3 He can… He may/might… He must… …

4 Can Could

5 So he can carry heavy books. He couldn't open the door by himself.
Could you open the door, please? ability ability request

6 can 和could： 1) 表示能力（ability），指有能力做某事，意为“能够”。例如：
注意：表示现在，将来“能够”可用be able to 替换。表示过去“能够”并成功了只能用was/ were able to, 不能用could。例如 My grandma is over eighty, but she can/ is able to read without glasses. We can/ will be able to talk about the matter later. I talked with her for a long time, and at last I was able to make her believe me.(不能用could)

7 2)  表示请求（request）或（permission）。意为“可否”、“可以”。 Could 比can 更有礼貌，在此不是can的过去式。
Can you wait a moment please? Liz, can you do me a favor? Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station? I wonder if you could help me. (request)

8 ---- Could I use your phone?
----Yes, of course. You can. Do you think I could borrow your bike? (permission) 3) 表示可能性（possibility） a. can 表示泛指的“可能”，并非说话者主观认为的可能性，即并非说话者的主观猜测。 Accident can happen to any drunken driver.

9 ----Can it rain tomorrow?
b.表示说话者主观猜测，只能用与否定句或疑问句中。例如： It can’t be my father. He is now in England. ----Can it rain tomorrow? ----No, it can’t.

10 may might

11 He may be in his office. =( perhaps he is in his office.)
He might be having lunch. =( perhaps he is having lunch.)

12 may 和might ： 1） 表示可能性（possibility）,用于对现在，过去或将来的推测，暗示不确定。might 不是may的过去式，它所表示的可能性比may 小，含较多的怀疑。 He may be very busy now. (可能性较大) He might be very busy now. (可能性较小)

13 2） 表示许可（permission），表示允许别人做某事， 也可征求对方的许可。
He may go now. We may keep the book for two weeks. 3） 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! May you have a nice trip!

14 May, might, can, could might may could could Can may not
1. They (can/might) ___________be away for the weekend but I’m not sure. 2. You (may/might) __________leave now if you wish. 3. (could/may) __________you open the window a bit, please? 4. He (can/could) __________be from America, judging by his accent. 5. (may/can) ___________you swim? 6. Listen, please. You (may not/might not) _________________ speak during this exam. 表示猜测 may 表示许可 could 表示请求 could 表示猜测 Can 表示能力 may not 表示不允许

15 May, might, can, could can not couldn’t could might
7. They (can not/may not) _________________ still be out, the light is on in the house. 8. You (couldn’t/might not) _________________ smoke on the bus. 9. With luck, tomorrow (can/could) __________be a cooler day. 10. You (can/might) ___________ be right, but I’m going back to check it. can not 表示猜测(不可能) 表示许可 couldn’t could 表示猜测 might 表示猜测

16 will和would： 1）表示意愿 表示愿意做或主动提出做，如意志,愿望或决心 That bag looks heavy, I’ll help you with it.( offering to do sth) ---- You know that book I lent you. Can I have it back if you’ve finished with it? ---- Of course. I’ll give it to you this afternoon.(agreement) Thanks for lending me the money, I’ll pay you back on Friday. (promise)  

17 2）表示习惯(habit, custom) This old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything. We would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories. 3）表示请求（request）, 用于第二人称, would 比will 更委婉。 例如： Will you come this way, please? Would you open the window?

18 shall和should： 1）shall 的用法 a. shall 在疑问句中用于第一，第三人称，表示征求对方的意见。
Shall we put off the sports meeting until next month? Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?

19 b.  shall 用于第二，第三人称，表示说话人给对方
的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。 You shall fail if you don’t work harder. （警告） He shall have the book when I finish reading it.(允诺) He shall be punished.(威胁)

20 2) should 的用法 a. should 表示劝告、建议、命令。 You should go to class right away.
b. should 表示期待，用于表达合理推断（prediction，意为“应该” ），或明显的结果（意为“可能”）且所期待的事几乎是事实。 It is three o’clock, the football game should begin now. Mary took dancing lessons for years, she should be an excellent dancer.

21 will, would, shall, should, must:
mustn’t 1. We __________ smoke here, because the worker is carrying some petrol. 2. It is dangerous. You __________ leave the room immediately. 3. He ___________ go hiking with friends at weekends when young. 4. Write to me when you get home. ---I ___________. 5. --Need I hand in my exercise book at once? --Yes, you__________. 6. You have been working all day. You __________ be very tired. 7. It is a long time since we met last time. You __________ come and see us more often. 8. Why don’t you try on this dress? It _________ look nice on you. 表示禁止,不许可 should 表示建议,命令 would 表示过去重复 表示意愿 will 表示肯定猜测 must 表示必须 must 表示建议 should will 表示将会,一定会

22 must and can't

23 must和can’t： must 用来表示“命令”、“推测”等含义。 1）表示规定、指令
表示规定、指令时主要指客观上的法律、条文规定，常常翻译为“应该、必须”之类意思。mustn't表示禁止 You must have a passport if you want to go abroad.

24 2) 表示主观的命令、禁止 表示主观的命令、禁止时，主要指说话者主观的命令或强烈的劝告。 You can go out with your friend but you must come back before 11 at night. ----Must I hand in the exercise today? ----No, you needn’t. 。

25 3）表示猜测，语气非常肯定，近乎确定的意味，一般用于肯定句，意为肯定……。其否定为can’t，意为不可能…... 。
You must be ill. I can see it from your face. He can’t be at home. I saw him in the classroom just now.

26 must和 have to 1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用 needn’t或don’t have to，做 “不必”,mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”  — Must I finish all assignments at a time?   —Yes, you must. No, you needn't.

27 2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must 和have to 稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have to 强调客观需要。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。
I don’t like this TV set. We must buy a new one There was no more bus. They had to walk home.

28 Not sure Very sure He must be in the classroom.
He should be in the classroom. He could be in the classroom. He may be in the classroom. He might be in the classroom.

29 1. Find sentences with models in the passage:
Other celebrations were held when hunters could catch animals. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. …or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. In Japan the festival is called Obon, when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. On this important feast day, people might eat food in the shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them. It is now a children’s festival, when they can go to their neighbours’ homes and ask for sweets. ability possibility possibility the past habit possibility possibility

30 possibility 7. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. 8. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruit and vegetables,… 9. At the Spring Festival in China, people…and may give children lucky money in red paper. 10. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night. possibility possibility possibility

31 2.Complete the following sentences with proper modal verbs.
1) You’ve been working all day. You ______ be very tired. 2) (The door bell rings)I wonder who that is, it________ be Lisa. She’s still in the library at this time. 3) It is a long time since we met last time. You ________ come and see us more often. 4) I haven’t decided where I’m going for my holidays. I ______ go to Australia. 5) My father’s birthday is coming. What ________ I get him? 6) Why don’t you try on this dress? It__________ look nice on you. 7) “Who was the man talking with your teacher?” “I’m not sure. It ___________ be her brother. 8) I don’t know when the guests ___________ be here. They __________ arrive at any time. must can’t should may shall will might will could

32 1. A: ______ you like to go to a special event with us on Saturday?
3. Finish the dialogue with modal verbs 1. A: ______ you like to go to a special event with us on Saturday? B: Yes, I _____________________ _________. Would ’d like to go with you on Saturday 2. A: ______ Xiao Feng find the origin of Easter from that book? B: No, he _____________. Could couldn’t find it

33 3. A: _____ I go with my friend to the harvest festival?
B: Yes, you _________________ ________. May may go ( with your friends ) should 4. A: If I want to be a doctor _______ I study science? B: Yes, you __________________. should study science

34 can’t play the role of the
5. A: He is very handsome. ____ he play the role of the prince? B: No, he _______________________ ______. Can can’t play the role of the prince

35 Make a dialogue using modal verbs according to the given situation.
You have to go to buy food and gifts for Spring Festival. In pairs, one as the shop keeper and the other as the customer, offer and request the items you need. Use these expressions to help you. Would you like …? Could I have …? Might I suggest …? May I see …? You should try …? Could we look at …? Can you see …? We might take …?

36 EXERCISES 1.---There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ____a comfortable journey. ( ) A. can't be B. mustn't have been C. shouldn't be D. couldn't have been D 2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ___ get out. ( ) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to D

37 3. Peter ___ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure.
must B. can C. may D. will C Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you____. A. will B. could C. may D. might C A 5. Sorry, I ’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. might B. should C. can D. will

38 6.--Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
--You ____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t A 7. ---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They _____be ready by 12 : 00 . A. can B. should C. might D. need B D 8. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night. A. mustn’t go B. could have gone C. shouldn’t go D. shouldn’t have gone

39 9.Johnny, you ______play with the knife, you ____hurt yourself. ( )
A. won't ; can't B. mustn't ; may C. shouldn't ; must D. can't ; wouldn't B D 10. I missed the bus, so I ___ go home on foot. A. must B. may C. can D. had to

40 表示“能力” 表示“推测” 表示“许可；要求” 表示“建议”和“义务” can must could should have to may need might Shall I …? can’t shouldn't mayn’t mustn't mightn’t Would you like…? Can …? Will you please …?