Comprehension of Words

Presentation on theme: "Comprehension of Words"— Presentation transcript:

1 Comprehension of Words
Dealing with new words or phrases in reading comprehension

2 英语高考阅读理解解题策略之 猜测词义题

3 Teaching background 教学背景
1. Teaching background 教学背景 1. 主旨大意 阅读理解题 型 阅读理解 2. 细节理解 3. 猜测词义 5. 篇章结构 4.推理判断 6. 观点态度

4 常见的猜测词义题设问方式 Question Forms
1.The word “…” refers to / means / could best be replaced by ______. 2.The underlined word/sentence means ___. 3.Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “…”.____

5 你知道以下单词或短语的意思吗？猜猜看！ warm up: when pigs fly green hand big potato
shanghai john

6 when pigs fly A: Do you think Mary will quit her job now
that she's pregnant? B: When pigs fly! There is no way she is giving up her career. 天方夜谈，太阳从西边出来

7 green hand On the way to the factory, Jack sang a pop song happily. because it is the first day for him to work. When he was working, he talked with his new colleagues. Suddenly, the machine broke down because of his carelessness. Jack was afraid of the blame of his boss. His new colleague told him , “take it easy, you are a green hand.” 新手,没有经验的人

8 a big potato Tom is a great man. He is treated as a big potato. 大人物

9 shanghai 诱骗 Tourists were shanghaied into buying expensive fakes(假货）. Some guides told them that fakes are good. They are worth buying.

10 john Tim drank too much water last night, so he went to visit john twice. 厕所

11 Useful strategies 猜词技巧
2. Useful strategies 猜词技巧 方法一： Using word formation（构词法）

12 Word-formation 方法一 （构词法）
1. It’s true that lighthouse was built in out-of-the-way place. 2. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life? 3. When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. 偏远的（ 合成形容词） v.构想（ 词性变化） 不可逾越的，无法通过的（词的派生）

13 unbelievable prefix (前缀） un- word root (词根） believe -able suffix（后缀）
Guessing the meaning unbelievable prefix (前缀） un- word root (词根） believe -able suffix（后缀）

14 With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET)

15 unconditional: unconditional: conditional condition 有条件的 adj. 情况，条件 n.
无条件的, 绝对的 adj. unconditional: unconditional: conditional condition 有条件的 adj. 情况，条件 n.

16 nonjudgmental: nonjudgmental: judgmental judgment judge 没有判断力的 adj.
判断 v.

17 inter- mini- micro- anti- co- post- pre- -ship 在……之间 超 极小的 反对 后 身份，资格
微小 一同，一起 之前 super- inter- mini- micro- anti- co- post- pre- -ship

18 方法二： Using context clues （利用上下文线索）

19 同义词、近义词 技巧 1 Doctors believe that smoking is
作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一 个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往 往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。 Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people's health. They also regard drinking as harmful. also harmful 有害的 adj.

20 At the beginning they did not
同义词、近义词 At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank. nor money 资金 n. 常见信号词： that is to say, in other words, or , mean, be called, refer to

21 技巧 2 反义词 常见信号词: unlike, but, although, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead of, rather than eg. Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely． “homely” means “ ”. Unlike handsome ugly

22 Rather than Rather than liking the movie, as I expected them to, all my friends abhorred it. If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. liking 厌恶，憎恨 agree yes no 不赞成；不同意

23 定义、解释或举例 技巧 3 通过定义,定语从句/同位语/词或词组 (is; mean; that is; that’s to say; namely ; in other words ; to put it another way; such as ; like; for instance; for example)来确定词义。

24 “simile” means“___________”. such as
常见的信号词：such as, for example, for instance 1.When writing an article, we often use simile, such as “brave as a lion” and “quick like lightning”． “simile” means“___________”. such as 明喻【修辞】

25 2. Social mobility is the movement from
one class or level of living to another. 3. He is a resolute man, once he sets up a 　goal, he will not give it up easily. 社会流动性 坚决的

26 技巧 4 因果关系 常见信号词: 1.文章借助关联词because, as, since, for, so, thus, as the result, therefore等表示前因后果. 2.有时利用动词lead to, cause, result in, result from, bring about等表达因果关系.

27 --- since you are my superior（上级）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet since superior too confident and rude

28 技巧 5 标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号） 1.You can take one of the periodicals: The World of English or Reader's Digest . A.dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers magazines

29 2. The other questioned the veracity —— the truthfulness of these reports.
真实性

30 方法三： Common sense （常识）

31 Common sense 常识 方法三 1. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their food, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. a bird’s mouth 鸟喙；鸟嘴 “beak” here means ___________________. 2. Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. dry up and die枯萎，凋谢 “wither” refers to ___________________.

32 4. context(上下文） Summary 小结 Using word formation（构词法） Using clues（线索）
Common sense （常识） 同义词、近义词 反义词 定义、解释或举例 因果关系 标点符号

33 Practice makes perfect
5. Practice真题演练 Practice makes perfect

34 真题演练： （根据因果关系） …The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads. (陕西卷) In paragraph 2, “ a roof over their heads” most probably means ______. A. a cap B. a car C. a home D. a covering

35 真题演练： （根据转折对比关系） “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.” ( 广东卷) The underlined word roughly means ____. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed

36 真题演练： Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.（福建卷） The phrase “ mopping up” in the paragraph means______. A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving out （根据常识）

37 （2012广东）Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. ... By the age of 8, their IQ（智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This Research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（样本）of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a child’s sex and age, the mother’s health and feeling style. These results don’t surprise me. This Research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（样本）of 10,419 children taking account of parental education, family income, a child’s sex and age, the mother’s health and feeling style. 33. The word “copper-bottomed” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________. A. basic   B. reliable   C. surprising  D. interesting B. reliable

38 （2011广东）Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home
（2011广东）Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog. 31. The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. early B. sweetly C. quickly D. smoothly D. smoothly

39 （2010广东） When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, "Well, it's so-and-so's fault. "or "I know I'm late, but it's not my fault; the car broke down. " It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner's key to success. 47. The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to A. avoid B. accept C. improve D. consider C. improve

40 Homework 《名师导学》：P65

41 Thank you for your attention!