Unit 15 Sports and Scenic Spots in America

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1 Unit 15 Sports and Scenic Spots in America

2 American Football three seasons
---preseason (during the late summer)前赛季（夏末） ---regular season (during fall)　正规赛季（秋季） ---post-season/play off time (during the winter until late in January)　后赛季或超级锦标赛（冬季至一月）

3 Super bowl (美国超级职业橄榄球赛)
It is the name of final match of American Football, which decides the champion team for the year. There are 24 teams divided into two conferences, the American Football Conference (AFC) (美国橄榄球协会) and the National Football Conference (NFC) (全国橄榄球协会)

4 Pontiac Silverdome (庞蒂亚克银顶体育场) in Michigan is the largest stadium today in the world.
O.J.Simpson (辛普森)was a famous football hero, who was an American black.

5 How the Game is played In playing football, the team having possession of the ball is the offensive (攻方) whose objective is to advance the ball over the defensive’s (守方) goal line(球门线，禁区) . touchdown ( [美橄]攻方持球,触地得分,达阵) is a term in American football. When the offensive team runs or passes the ball over the opponent’s goal line (球门线，禁区), this is called a touchdown and will score 6 points.

6 When defensive players try to stop the player with the ball, this is called a tackle (擒抱)
When either team calls for a stop, this is called time out (暂停).

7 　美式橄榄球起源于英式足球和英式橄榄球。麦基尔大学与哈佛大学之间的第一场橄榄球比赛採取的就是英式橄榄球规则。
NFL(国家橄榄球联盟) 创立于 1920 年。1960 年，“美国橄榄球联盟”(AFL) 成立，同国家橄榄球联盟争夺市场。1966 年，AFL 与 NFL 签署了一份协定，将两个联盟于1970年正式合并为NFL，并于1967年开始双方的冠军总决赛。 1967 年，在洛杉矶市举行了第一场“AFL-NFL 总冠军赛”。 1969 年，该比赛被冠名为“超级碗”。

8 超级碗胜利的球队即当年 NFL 的总冠军。 这场决赛通常在一月的最后一个周日或二月的头一个周日举行。获胜球队将获得“文斯－隆巴迪”奖座，这个奖座是以着名的教练隆巴迪命名的，他曾带领绿湾包装工球队获得了第一届和第二届的超级碗总冠军。获胜球队中的每一位球员都将得到一枚超级碗冠军戒指。 　　如今超级碗的球迷已遍布 175个国家。 超级碗比赛也成为美国一亿三千万电视观众的关注焦点。 在超级碗星期日这一天，美国的食品销量超过了除圣诞节和感恩节以外的其他任何一天。

9 超级碗：爱国者24-21击败老鹰

10 小马队四分卫佩顿-曼宁高举优胜奖杯

11 Baseball (棒球) It is still the great American game, even though many other countries are deeply involved with the game. The largest baseball stadium is the home field of the California Angels (加州天使队), Anaheim Stadium(阿纳海姆体育场) It can be watched in a more relaxed and lazy way.

12 Great changes in the game after World War II
Great changes in the game after World War II.  1) the demolition of the color barrier (打破肤色限制), starting with the hiring of the superb athlete, African-American Jackie Robinson (杰克·鲁宾逊), by Brooklyn Dodgers　(布鲁克林·道奇队)manager Branch Rickey (布里奇·里基)   2) Improved transportation led to the wider distribution of teams

13 The baseball seasons: Spring training in February at places such as Florida and Arizona. Regular season:  the beginning of April — October The World Series between the leading teams in their respective leagues: in the latter of October. The best 4 out of 7 games determines the annual World’s (sic) Champions and marks the end of the baseball season.

14 The ‘Black Sox’ scandal of 1919 (“黑袜”丑闻)was a scandal in 1919 when betting on baseball games became popular. The players of Boston Red Sox were bribed by big money gamblers to affect the outcome of a game.   (波士顿红袜队队员受大赌徒的贿赂打假球，影响比赛结果)

15 Baseball is a game between two teams of 9 players each, under direction of a manager, played on an enclosed field in accordance with these rules, under jurisdiction of one or more umpires (One of the few team sports that is not controlled by a clock)

16 The objective of each team is to win by scoring more runs than the opponent.
The pitcher (投球手)—the person of the defensive team who throws the ball The batter (击球手) —the person of the offensive team who attempts to hit the ball The offensive team is the team at bat (轮到击球的)

17 Home run (本垒打)is a term in baseball
Home run (本垒打)is a term in baseball. When a batter(击球手) hits the ball out of the ballpark(棒球场), he has hit a homerun; he trots (小跑)around all the base and touches home plate (本垒) to score. * Ronald Reagan used to be a sports radio announcer.

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21 Basketball James Naismith ( 詹姆斯·奈史密斯)was a Canadian-born physical education teacher in Massachusetts, who is remembered for inventing basketball game in The game was initially designed as an indoor sports activity during the snowy winter months when outdoor fields could not be used.

22 NBA (美国职业篮球联赛) It stands for National Basketball Association. Founded in 1950, it is the association of professional teams in the US. It has two divisions: the Eastern Division(东部赛区) and Western Division (西部赛区). The time within which a team has to score is called shot clock(计时钟)

23 Larry Bird (拉里·伯德) was the leading player of Boston Celtics (波士顿凯尔特队)
Magic Johnson(魔术师约翰逊)was the leading player of Los Angeles Lakers(洛杉机湖人队)

24 Phil Jackson guided the Chicago Bulls to six NBA championships in his 9 years as head coach(主教练).
Yao Ming is the leading players of Rockets(火箭队) Tim Duncan (邓肯) and Tony Parker (托尼·帕克) from France are leading players of San Antonio Spurs (马刺队)　

25 约翰逊与乔丹

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28 Other sports activities
ice hockey（冰球）, track and field（田经）, tennis， racket ball（墙网球）, volleyball, field hockey（曲棍球 ），lacrosse（兜网球）, soccer, golf, bowling, wrestling, boxing

29 Scenic Sports The Grand Canyon National Park(大峡谷国家公园) is America’s most famous scenic wonder. It is a huge gorge(峡谷) slowly carved away(雕琢) for nearly 6 million years by the waters of the Colorado River（科罗拉多河）. The canyon is so deep that there are 4 distinctive zones of climate（不同的气候带） from top to bottom. Located in north-west of Arizona （亚利桑那州), it attracts over 4 million visitors each year. The Park was established in 1908 by President Theodore Roosevelt.

30 大峡谷国家公园

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32 To the east of the Grand Canyon National, the Painted Desert National Park ( 彩色沙漠国家公园) is located in the mid-north of Arizona, which is famous for multicolored hills (多彩的沙丘). Within it, there is the Petrified Forest (石化森林国家公园), a field of fallen trees that have turned to stone by a process of mineralization(矿化) known as petrifaction （石化）

33 彩色沙漠国家公园

34 To the south of the Grand Canyon National, there is the Sunset Crater Volcano National Park (落日火山口国家公园) *To the west of the Grand Canyon National, there is Hoover Dam (胡佛水坝)and the lake behind it, Lake Mead (米德湖). Hoover Dam is a major hydroelectric power supplier and is named after President Herbert Hoover.

35 To the north of the Grand Canyon National, the desert areas of Nevada(内华达州) and the mountains and streams of southwestern (来自西南德)Colorado are beautiful.

36 To the far north of the Grand Canyon National, near the Canadian border is Yellowstone National park (黄石国家公园,大部分位于怀俄明州西北部), which was established in 1872, and is the oldest and one of the largest national parks in the US. It is named after the river that flows through the area. It is known for its geysers(间歇泉) and hot springs. One of the most famous of the geysers is the Old Faithful(老忠实泉).

37 黄石国家公园

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40 To the south of the Yellowstone National park is Grand Teton National Park (大蒂顿国家公园, 位于怀俄明州西北部Wyoming), which is famous for glaciers. *Not too far away is Dinosaur National Monument (国家恐龙化石保护区，位于科罗拉多州西北和犹他州东北Utah)

41 The Rocky Mountains(落基山脉)
---the main mountain range in the west of US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico(美国新墨西哥州). ---Aspen (阿斯彭) and Vail(维尔) are attractive skiing spots.

42 The Pacific Coast ---Imperial Valley of California (加州皇家河谷) ---the Cascade Range (喀斯喀特山脉，最高峰为雷尼尔山Mt Rainier) ---Mount Hood (胡德山，俄勒冈州Oregon最高峰, 属喀斯喀特山脉) ---the Olympic Peninsula (奥林匹克半岛，位于华盛顿州)，with the Olympia National Park (奥林匹克国家公园)

43 ---the site of St. Helens eruption (圣海伦斯火山遗址)
---Stanford University （斯坦福大学） ---Yosemite National Park(约瑟米蒂国家公园) has a spectacular scenery of valleys carved out by glaciers

44 Disneyland is America’s most well-known amusement park
Disneyland is America’s most well-known amusement park. It was founded by and named after the movie and cartoon producer Walter Disney. The older park (Disneyland) was located in Los Angeles, California; the other one (Disneyworld) was in Orlando(奥兰多), Florida. Hollywood, where most of America’s movies are made, near the city of Los Angles in South California

45 Disneyland

46 Middle The National Monument (国家纪念碑) is an unusual artistic project — four enormous portraits of American Presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt, are sculpted on Mt Rushmore (拉什莫尔山)in the southeast of  State of South Dakota. (南达科他州西南).

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48 To the south, flowing down to the Gulf of Mexico, is the Mississippi River, whose shores are dotted with famous American twin cities. Among these cities, New Orleans and Baton Rouge are surrounded by the vestige of the old Southern plantations (南方种植园的遗址)

49 Southeastern tip of U.S — Florida
The Everglades（大沼泽地) is a huge subtropical (亚热带的)wetlands(潮湿的土壤, 沼泽地) located at he south of Florida. It contains a motley(混杂的) collection of wildlife including reptiles (爬虫) such as alligators（产于美洲的鳄鱼 and snakes and varieties of plant life and over 400 species（物种，种类）of birds.

50 ---The southern part is the Everglades National Park (大沼泽地国家公园)
---Stretching south of Miami towards Cuba is a chain of islands called the Florida Keys (佛罗里达群岛). The farthest island is Key West (基为斯特)，a favorite summer resort for US President Harry Truman, and the site of home of novelist Ernest Hemingway

51 The Southeast ---the city of Charleston(查尔斯顿) in South Carolina. Visitors to Charleston should not overlook Fort Sumter National Park (萨姆特要塞国家公园), which was the site of the first battle of the American Civil War in April 1861. ---Antietam (安提塔姆) in Maryland and Gettysburg (葛底斯堡)in Pennsylvania are two most parks marking famous battles

52 -Nashville(纳什维尔<美国田纳西州首府>), home to country folk music, such as the Grand Ole Opry (“大奥普里”) or sometime called “blue grass”(又称”蓝草音乐”)

53 The northeast ---Outer Banks (外滩群岛) along the coast of North Carolina (北卡罗来纳州) ---one of the beach communities from Outer Banks to New York City is Atlantic City in New Jersey, which used to be a quiet town; but now is the site of legalized gambling. ---Cape Cod (科德角) in Massachusetts，the enormous peninsula shaped like a flexed arm that juts out (突出，伸出) into the Atlantic Ocean

54 ---Green Mountains (格林山脉), one range of the Appalachian （阿巴拉契亚山） chain of mountains, runs to Canada
---Close to Green Mountains to the west, the White Mountains (怀特山) of New Hampshire ---Vermont and New Hampshire (also called the Granite State花岗岩州)are famous for covered bridges, remnants of the 19th century and have a large skiing industry

55 Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉大瀑布) are a group of awesome(引起敬畏的) waterfalls on the US-Canada border. The torrent (急流) falls over a precipice（悬崖）for a distance of 55 meters and makes roaring(咆哮, 怒吼)sound. There are two sections of falls: the larger section located in Canada is called the Horseshoe Falls; the smaller section in the US is called the American falls. The boat “the Maid of Mist” (水雾少女)takes visitors to the very base of the Niagara Falls. 

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59 Holidays in America

60 1.新年(New Year’s Day)： 一月一日美国人过新年,但最热闹的是除夕晚上。是夜,人们聚集在教堂、街头或广场,唱诗、祈祷、祝福、忏悔,并一同迎候那除旧更新的一瞬。午夜十二点整,全国教堂钟声齐呜,乐队高奏有名的怀旧歌曲(一路平安/ Auld Lang Syne)。在音乐声中,激动的人们拥抱一起,甚至素不相识的人也可以互相亲吻。人们就这样怀着

61 惜别的感伤和对新生活的向往共同迎接新的一年。虽然元旦并不是最热闹的一天,但仍有不少州举行极富地方色彩的庆祝活动。纽约市除夕夜,万人挤在时代广场看「大苹果」缓缓从空落下,也是极有名的庆祝活动。

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63 2.情人节(St. Valentine’s Day)：
二月十四日,是情侣们交换礼物,表示爱意的欢乐节日。

64 3. 圣帕特里克节(St. Patrick’s Day)：
三月十七日,纪念爱尔兰(Ireland)守护神圣派克。美国的圣派克节这一天,人们通常要举行游行,教堂活动和公共晚宴。

65 4.复活节(Easter)： 复活节是基督教纪念耶稣复活的一个宗教节日。每年春分过去,第一次月圆后的第一个星期日就是复活节。如果月圆那天正好是星期日,复活节将延迟一周举行。彩蛋和兔子是复活节的象徵。复活节的传统食品主要有羊肉和火腿。

66 5.阵亡将士纪念日(Memorial Day)：
阵亡将士纪念日是美国大多数州都要纪念的节日,许多州将它订在五月的最后一个星期一。第一次世界大战后,人们开始在阵亡将士纪念日这一天祭奠所有战争的死难者,后来在民间又逐渐发展为一般家庭祭奠逝去的亲人,今天已成为一个普遍的扫墓日。

67 6.独立日(Independence Day)：
独立日即美国的国庆节,日期为七月四日,以纪念一七七六年七月四日大陆会议通过「独立宣言」。每逢这一天,全美大大小小的教堂钟声齐呜,首先敲响的是费城自由钟 (Liberty Bell),各地居民自发地进行庆祝游行,各种彩车、模型车、杂技和小孩玩具车同欢乐的人群一起排成浩浩荡荡的队伍。

68 7.劳动节(Labor Day)： 劳动节是美国全国性节日,为九月的第一个星期一,放假一天,以示对劳工的尊重,通常各地会有游行活动。

69 8.万圣节(Halloween)： 万圣节(All Saints" Day)是西方的传统节日,时间为十月卅一日。万圣节前夜,孩子们装扮成妖魔鬼怪,手提「杰克灯」,跑到邻居家门前,高声喊着：「Trick or Treat」,不给糖果的邻居就会遭到小孩的恶作剧,学校通常也有庆祝万圣节的化妆晚会。

70 9.感恩节(Thanksgiving Day)：
十一月的最后一个星期四是感恩节。是美国人合家欢聚的节日,因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。人们还要按习俗前往教堂做感恩祈祷。火鸡是家人团聚吃感恩节大餐的传统主菜。除此之外,还有红莓子果酱、甜山芋、玉蜀黍、南瓜饼及各种蔬菜和水果等。

71 10.圣诞节(Christmas)：

72    2月12日 林肯纪念日（Lincoln's Birthday）
       2月18日 华盛顿诞辰日（Washington's Birthday）        4月1日 愚人节（All Fool's Day/ April Fool's Day）       5月***日 植树节（Arbor Day）（五月的第二个星期五,各州不一）

73   5月***日 母亲节（Mother's Day）（五月的第二个星期日）
      6月14日 国旗日（Flag Day）     6月***日 父亲节（Father's Day）（六月的第三个星期日）       10月12日 哥伦布日（Columbus Day）

74 10月***日 退伍军人节（Veteran's Day）（十月的第四个星期一）
Palm Sunday (the Sunday before Easter) 棕？星期日（复活节前的星期日） Good Friday (the Friday before Easter) 耶稣受受难日（复活节前的星期五）

75 Passover (Apr. 20) 逾越节（犹太历每年正月十四日，犹太历比公历晚两至三个月） Secretaries’ Day (Apr
Passover (Apr.20) 逾越节（犹太历每年正月十四日，犹太历比公历晚两至三个月） Secretaries’ Day (Apr.26) 秘书节（4月26日） Flag Day (June 14) 美国国旗制定纪念日（6月14日） Friendship Day (Aug.6) 友谊节（8月6日）