Period 4 Elements of a sentence 句子成分.

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1 Period 4 Elements of a sentence 句子成分

2 浙江英语高考题型及时间 听力(共20小题，满分30分)
阅读理解 第一节：共10小题，每小题2.5分，满分25分; 第二节：七选五，共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1.5分, 满分30分) 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节：应用文写作（满分15分） 第二节：读后续写或概要写作（满分25分） 考试时间为每年的6月（与语文、数学一起）和10月（与选考科目一起）

3 One student’s writing When I meet difficult I not cry. I found the way solve it. One time my book not see that very important to my class. I wanted your words. At last, I went to friend help me. I know I must strong. Today is you fifty years old day. Happy birthday, father! I very love you. I will hard study and thank for you and mother. 分析：所写出的单词基本无误，但是没有掌握英语句法结构和时态

4 Long and complicated sentences
Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines, the toothpaste marketer, for example, must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used. ___________________ __________ _________ ____________________ ____________________ 例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。

5 Long and complicated sentences
I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable (不能再生的) resources, our children may have to lead poorer lives. _______ _________________________________________ 我不能总生活在对这种可能的忧虑中：由于地球人口的不断增长，由于我们正消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。

6 主语: Subject During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. Those who have not been to the Great Wall have never really been to China. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To offer a hand to those in need is a great pleasure. Quarreling with her neighbors takes up most of her spare time. To our great relief, the injured in the accident were rushed to hospital without delay. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is impossible that one can master a foreign language without much practice. ____________________ _____ _______ __________________________ _________________________ __________ ___________________________________ 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、the+ 形容词或主语从句等充当。有时为保持句子结构平 衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首。 _______________________________ __________________

7 主语: Subject coming/being late His __________________ (迟到) filled his teacher with great anger. ______________________ (她不喜欢你) is none of my business. ___________________________________________. (谁将参加下个月的运动会) isn’t decided yet. My umbrella is a blue one while ______(她的) a red one. ________ (富人) should care more about those who are not lucky enough. ____________ (真是遗憾) that you can not join us in tomorrow’s party. It takes patience and practice（掌握一门外语）____________________________________________. That she doesn’t like you Who will take part in the sports meet next month hers The rich It is a pity to master a foreign language

8 谓语: Predicate 说明主语的动作或状态，通常由一个动词或动词短语构成，也可以由助动词或情态动词加其它动词的适当形式组成。 As an educated person, you should observe carefully and decide wisely. The lion broke off the chain and ran away last night. ______ _____ ________ ________ The old woman got off the bus, crossing the road and walked into a department store. The flowers look beautiful are brought in from Japan. ______ crossed ______ looking/that look

9 表语: Predicative 说明主语的身份、特征和状态，常常位于系动词be或 者连系动词之后（become, appear, get, look, remain, fall, come, grow, turn, seem, stay, keep, look, sound, smell, taste, feel etc.）之后。 名词、代词、形容词、分词、动名词、数词、不定 式、介词短语、副词及从句都可以充当表语。 My friend happened to be out when I called him last night. 70 percent of the people at the meeting were with me on the problem. If my memory is right, she will turn twenty-one next Monday.

10 表语: Predicative His hobby was _______ (play) football with children in the neighborhood. All my classmates became ________ when the ________ news reached them yesterday. (excite) Mary’s dream is ________(become) a film director when she grows up. My question is _____ will be sent to work there with you. When his mother refused to buy him the doll, Tom looked _______. (sad) Tom looked ______ at his mother and told her that he had failed in the test. (sad) The work will get _________ if we join hands. (easy) With his father’s help, David got _______ a nice job in the city. (easy) playing excited exciting to become who sad sadly easy/easier easily

11 宾语: Object 表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 能够充当宾语的有：1）名词、代词、数词；2）动词不定式；3）-ing形式；4）从句； afford, agree, choose, decide, expect, fail, help,, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish admit, allow, advise, appreciate, avoid, consider, enjoy, excuse, stop, escape, finish, forbid, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, can’t help remember, forget, mean, try, regret To do Doing Both

12 宾语: Object The government has decided to cut daily expenses. The little boy didn’t know where to go when he was lost in the crowd. Would you mind being called a fool in public? What have you achieved so far as a young writer? He has been working the land since he graduated from university. He seldom asked about the price before he decided to buy anything. Would you please pass me the book on the table? ________________ _________ ________ _____ ________ ________ ___ ________

13 give, show, send, bring, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, teach, write, buy, draw, make, take, sell etc. The little girl won’t go to sleep until her mother has ______ her a story every night. The customer was very angry because the shop assistant ______ her bad fruits. You should ______ your mother a gift as tomorrow is Mother’s Day. Whenever Mary is free, she will _______ her parents a letter. -I was thirsty so my mother _____ me a cup of coffee in the kitchen. Oliver was sad as his sister wouldn't _______ him her new car. told sold buy write made lend

14 宾语补足语: Object complement
有些及物动词，除了宾语以外，还需要补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带宾语补足语的结构：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。 The challenge that he took made him a real man. We always find John at work while others enjoy a holiday. You shouldn’t leave the door open when you go out. It is like her to keep everything in good order. Then we could feel the ground under our feet shaking. I have never heard the word pronounced in this way. When do you want your car back? _________ _______ ____ __________ ______ _________ _____

15 宾语补足语: Object complement
Most people find it ______ to give a speech to a large number of people without full preparations. As a rule, we students should keep our classroom _______ and clean. The football star made his reply ______ to his fans in the notice. I wish all my friends ______ every day. The terrible noises outside simply drove me _______! The Internet makes it ______ for people to travel around the world without leaving their homes. Your hair is too long! Would you please cut it ________? hard tidy clear happy crazy possible short possible, clear, easy, hard, crazy, short, tidy, happy

16 宾语补足语: Object complement
I am sorry to keep you _______ so long. I was caught in the traffic jam. (wait) The boy was taken away by the police because someone caught him _______ clothes from the shop. (steal) However hard he tried to make himself _________, all his friends still felt puzzled. (understand) I won’t allow this kind of mistake ________ (happen) in the future. Seeing his house __________ by the flood, the farmers couldn’t hold back their tears. (swallow) waiting stealing understood to happen swallowed

17 定语: Attribute 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子. 充当定语的有: 形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、名词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式和从句 I don’t want to watch the film. These is nothing interesting. The game will interest the kids fond of science. We spend the whole afternoon in a garden built in the 1850s. The car accident killed over 20 visitors. Though I tried hard, I could not find a bench to sit on in the park. The girl wearing a red shirt is one of my classmates. _________ _______________ _________ ____ ____ _______ _______________

18 定语: attribute 科幻小说 science fiction 入学考试 entrance exams 食品安全 健康状况
health state 教育体制 education system 橱窗购物 便利店 convenience store 心脏病 heart disease 年龄差异 发型 hair style 世界和平 world peace 家庭成员 银行账户 bank account 雨滴 rain drops 电话号码 冬季运动 winter sports 山村 mountain village 旅行日志 体检 body check-up 政府官员 Government officials 太空探索 food safety window shopping age difference family member telephone number travel diary space research

19 定语: Attribute In the past, Chinese people used coins ______________________________. (中间有个孔的) It is said that people ___________________(有共同兴趣的) are more likely to become friends. Do you know the man ________________________? (站在学校门口的) Mary is fond of the mug ________________________. (去年在伦敦买的) The house _______________ was built in the 11th century. (我们前面的) His father seldom has time ______________________. (陪伴他的孩子们) even when it is Sunday. with a hole in the centre of the same interest standing at the school gate bought in London last year in front of us to spend with his kids

20 状语: Adverbial 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。 由副词、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或从句来担当。 In order to pay off the debts, Mathilde and her husband worked hard day and night for 10 years. We live under the same roof so we must face the trouble together. Unable to work out the problem, John turned to his teacher for help. Having finished his work, Sam sat down and felt relaxed. _________ _______________ ________________________ ______________________

21 状语: Adverbial To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. The actor sat there saying sth. to himself. Not having received a reply, John wrote his mother another letter. I won’t lend you my car unless you take good care of it. Old as she is, the old lady never admits that. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. Farming is difficult where there is no rain. There is no need to panic. Just do as you are told to. Injured in the football match, Mark had to stay in hospital for at least one month. Football is played in over 180 countries, making it one of the most popular sports in the world.

22 状语: Adverbial My family have lived in this city __________ I was born. You should take some measures ________ it is too late. Most people were sleeping soundly _____ the fire broke out. You can’t find a well-paid job ______ you have a doctor’s degree. I didn’t realize that he wasn’t English _______ he spoke. Ask him or her to leave a message _____ anyone calls. I want young people to experience more ______ they are young. _____ time went on, his theory was accepted by the public. since before when unless until if while As

23 Summary 成分 功能 类别 主语 表示句子说的是什么人或事 名、代、数、不定式、动名词、短语或从句 谓语 说明主语的动作或者状态
动词或动词词组 宾语 表示动作的承受着或者行为对象 同主语 表语 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征 定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形、代、数、名、副、介词短语或从句 状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、结果等 副词、介词短语或从句 宾补 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形、名、介词短语

24 Examples I wonder if it’s because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. Sibson's house was three kilometers off the main road and was so well hidden by trees that he knew calling for help would be fruitless. After many years of studying and then listening to feedback from people who have read and used the information in his books, George discovered that there are three basic things people need in order to make eating healthy foods their regular way of eating.