Longing for a New Welfare System

Longing for a New Welfare System
New Horizon College English Unit 3 : Section A Longing for a New Welfare System 新视野

Pre-reading Activities
Text Analysis Main idea and devices for developing it Expressions & Patterns Summary How to apply to our real life the typical expressions and patterns taken from the text Blank filling Exercises Writing All the exercises for Section A 说明文写作技巧

Main Idea New Words Text Structure
II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure New Words & Text Main Idea of The Text Main Idea Structure New Words Text Main Idea of Each Part Part Ⅰ Part Ⅱ Part Ⅲ

raw wheelchair pension caseworker landlord rent opt drum sticky
New Words Back raw wheelchair pension caseworker landlord rent opt drum sticky profile entitle compensation liberal practically detective paste receipt donation hip crawl spine spinal cord screw roller brake certify 下一页

bid alert appliance maid roast oven helicopter champion chemist leak
New Words Back bid alert appliance maid roast oven helicopter champion chemist leak senator governor thrive convict Phrases and Expressions face with drum up under the table to get/be involved in deep down make a fool of sb. talk back break down 上一页下一页

get around look into fill out account for build up go through
New Words Back get around look into fill out account for build up go through to lend oneself/sth. to sth. else convict of Proper Names John Callahan Suzanne 上一页

Longing for a New Welfare System
Back Text Reading Longing for a New Welfare System Para A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody expects it. Faced with sharing a dinner of raw pet food with the cat, many people in wheelchairs I know bleed the system for a few extra dollars. They tell the government that they are getting two hundred dollars less than their real pension so they can get a little extra welfare money. Or, they tell the caseworker that the landlord raised the rent by a hundred dollars. 下一页

Back Text Reading Para I have opted to live a life of complete honesty. So instead, I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons. I even tell welfare how much I make! Oh, I’m tempted to get paid under the table. But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation. They keep my records, and that information goes right into the government’s computer. Very high-profile. 上一页下一页

Back Text Reading Para As a welfare client I’m expected to bow before the caseworker. Deep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. I’m not being bitter. Most caseworkers begin as college-educated liberals with high ideals. But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like the one I shall call “Suzanne”, a detective in shorts. 上一页下一页

Para. 5 “Friends and family.”
Back Text Reading Para Not long after Christmas last year, Suzanne came to inspect my apartment and saw some new posters pasted on the wall. “Where’d you get the money for those?” she wanted to know. Para. 5 “Friends and family.” Para. 6 “Well, you’d better have a receipt for it, by God. You have to report any donations or gifts.” Para. 7 This was my cue to beg. Instead, I talked back. “I got a cigarette from somebody on the street the other day. Do I have to report that?” Para. 8 “Well I’m sorry, but I don’t make the rules, Mr. Callahan.” 上一页下一页

Back Text Reading Para Suzanne tries to lecture me about repairs to my wheelchair, which is always breaking down because welfare won’t spend the money maintaining it properly. “You know, Mr. Callahan, I’ve heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average.” Para. 10 Of course I do. I’m an active worker, not a vegetable. I live near downtown, so I can get around in a wheelchair. I wonder what she’d think if she suddenly broke her hip and had to crawl to work. 上一页下一页

Back Text Reading Para Government cuts in welfare have resulted in hunger and suffering for a lot of people, not just me. But people with spinal cord injuries felt the cuts in a unique way: The government stopped taking care of our chairs. Each time mine broke down, lost a screw, needed a new roller bearing, the brake wouldn’t work, etc., and I called Suzanne, I had to endure a little lecture. Finally, she’d say, “Well, if I can find time today, I’ll call the medical worker.” 上一页下一页

Back Text Reading Para She was supposed to notify the medical worker, who would certify that there was a problem. Then the medical worker called the wheelchair repair companies to get the cheapest bid. Then the medical worker alerted the main welfare office at the state capital. They considered the matter for days while I lay in bed, unable to move. Finally, if I was lucky, they called back and approved the repair. 上一页下一页

Back Text Reading Para When welfare learned I was making money on my cartoons, Suzanne started “visiting” every fortnight instead of every two months. She looked into every corner in search of unreported appliances, or maids, or a roast pig in the oven, or a new helicopter parked out back. She never found anything, but there was always a thick pile of forms to fill out at the end of each visit, accounting for every penny. 上一页下一页

Back Text Reading Para There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare. I am an independent businessman, slowly building up my market. It’s impossible to jump off welfare and suddenly be making two thousand dollars a month. But I would love to be able to pay for some of my living and not have to go through an embarrassing situation every time I need a spare part for my wheelchair. 上一页下一页

Back Text Reading Para There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in my apartment the other day because the chemist said I was using a larger than usual amount of medical supplies. I was, indeed: the hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine had changed size and the connection to my urine bag was leaking. 上一页下一页

Back Text Reading Para While she was taking notes, my phone rang and Suzanne answered it. The caller was a state senator, which scared Suzanne a little. Would I sit on the governor’s committee and try to do something about the thousands of welfare clients who, like me, could earn part or all of their own livings if they were allowed to do so, one step at a time? 上一页下一页

Back Text Reading Para Hell, yes, I would! Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them, not seek to convict them of cheating. They will be free to develop their talents without guilt or fear—or just hold a good, steady job. 上一页下一页

What is the text mainly about?
II.Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure Back What is the text mainly about? The passage explores the problems of the present welfare system first and then expresses the desire to have a new system. According to the author, a disabled person with spinal cord injuries, he is forced to account for every penny while enduring lectures by the caseworkers. It is hard to have his wheelchair repaired and even harder to make a gradual shift away from welfare. That is why he longs for a new system under which the disabled like him can earn part or all of their own livings.

How is the text organized?
Back II.Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure How is the text organized? The passage is composed of three parts: how people behave under the present welfare system, what the problems are with it, and what solutions should be applied to the problems. The organization of the whole passage goes after the problem-solution pattern, spiced throughout with examples taken from the author’s own experiences. For details

Current situation describing Part One Paras. 1 - 3 Part Two
Back Current situation describing Part One Paras Part Two Paras Problems with the system Solutions to the problems Part Three Paras On one hand, most welfare clients cheat the system for more money. Are there any examples here? (Para.1) On the other, welfare case-workers, like detectives, expect every client to beg. Why? (Para.3) All the same, some like me have opted to live a life of honesty. Are there any examples here? (Para.2) Problem 2: It is difficult for clients to have their wheelchairs repaired. Is there any example here? (Paras ) Problem 4: The law does not encourage clients to make a gradual shift away from welfare. Evidence? (Para.14) Problem 3: If clients make money, as the author’s own experience reveals, they have to account for every penny. (Para. 13) Problem 1: Clients are forced to report anything new to caseworkers. Is there any example here? (Paras ) Solution 1: There needs to be a lawyer to protect the rights of clients. Example? (Para. 15) Solution 3: A new system is needed to encourage clients to develop their talents without guilt. (Para.17) Solution 2: The welfare system should help those who are to earn their own livings. How? (Para. 16)

II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It
Back Main idea? Part I (Paras. 1-3) Part II Part III This part is about how people concerned behave under the present welfare system: Clients cheat the system for more money while caseworkers, like detectives, expect the clients to bow down to them and beg. Devices for developing it? Deduction (演绎法) For details

____________________________________
Back A general statement: I have opted to live a life of complete honesty. (Para. 2) Examples: ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ A general statement: A welfare client is expected to cheat, trying to bleed the system for a few extra dollars. (Para. 1) Examples: ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ In this part of three paragraphs, the first two are organized respectively with a general statement supported by examples or details. The device of deduction makes clear and persuasive the author’s viewpoints on welfare clients who cheat and those who are honest. For details I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons. They tell the government that they are getting two hundred dollars less than their real pension so they can get a little extra welfare money. I even tell welfare how much I make! If I want to get paid under the table, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation. They tell the caseworker that the landlord raised the rent by a hundred dollars. 返回

II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It
Back Main idea? Several events are narrated to illustrate the problems with the present welfare system: welfare caseworkers try to find anything unreported, welfare clients have difficulties in obtaining help, and the law does not encourage clients to make a gradual shift away from welfare. Part II (Paras. 4-14) Part I Part III Devices for developing it? Narration (叙事法) For details

Back Narration is used throughout the whole part to tell the events as examples. For instance, the account of the first event goes from Para. 4 to Para. 8, with specific characters—Suzanne and I, time—not long after Christmas last year, and location—my apartment. 返回

Exemplification (例证法)
II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Back Main idea? A lawyer is needed to act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients. Besides, the author wishes that the government would help clients earn part or all of their livings. And, a new system is desired to encourage them, rather than seek to convict them of cheating. Part III (Paras ) Part I Part II Devices for developing it? Exemplification (例证法) For details

Back Argument: There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. Example: Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in my apartment the other day because the chemist said I was using a larger than usual amount of medical supplies. I was, indeed: the hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine had changed size and the connection to my urine bag was leaking. In Para. 15, for instance, the author gives his argument in the first sentence, and then with the event of medical supplies as an example to support it. For details 返回

B. Patterns for you to use as models
III. Expressions & Patterns A. Expressions B. Patterns for you to use as models to long for to be faced with to bleed… for… to drum up under the table to yield to >>> more Typical patterns for unfavorable changes in sb. Typical patterns for the statement of facts Typical patterns for suggestion >>> more

to be entitled to (do) sth. to be the cue to do sth. to talk back
III. Expressions & Patterns Back to get involved in deep down to make fools of sb. to be entitled to (do) sth. to be the cue to do sth. to talk back to lecture sb. about sth. to get around to get the cheapest bid to make a gradual shift away from… to jump off to act as a champion for… to lend oneself to … to convict sb. of doing sth. wrong

由于备受多年内战的煎熬，全民族都渴望和平。
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 1. 渴望/盼望······ to long for… (Title) 活学活用由于备受多年内战的煎熬，全民族都渴望和平。 Bitterly afflicted with many years of civil war, the whole nation longs for peace. 上一页下一页

面临各种职业选择时，你最好选择一个可以充分施展专长或才能的职业。
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 2. 面临着······ to be faced with… (L. 1) 活学活用面临各种职业选择时，你最好选择一个可以充分施展专长或才能的职业。 When faced with various choices of career, you’d better choose one in which to exercise to full your specialty or talent. 上一页下一页

不择手段榨取消费者钱财的奸商终将受到惩罚。
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 3. 向······榨取······ to bleed… for… (L. 2) 活学活用不择手段榨取消费者钱财的奸商终将受到惩罚。 The profiteers who bleed consumers for money by hook or by crook are bound to come to grief in time. 上一页下一页

每年圣诞节期间，商家们各显神通来招揽生意。
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 4. 竭力争取；大力招揽 to drum up (L. 6) 活学活用每年圣诞节期间，商家们各显神通来招揽生意。 During the season of Christmas each year, traders use their own unique tricks to drum up their business. 上一页下一页

惩治的焦点应集中在热衷于私下交易的商人身上。
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 5. 私下，背地里 under the table (L. 8) 活学活用惩治的焦点应集中在热衷于私下交易的商人身上。 The focus of punishment should be on the traders who are mad about business under the table. 上一页下一页

Don’t admit the time for yielding to the trend;
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 6. 向······屈服 to yield to… (L. 8) 活学活用莫道随波逐流时；出水才看两脚泥。 Don’t admit the time for yielding to the trend; Only when out of water can you tell the final end. 上一页下一页

她一旦潜心钻研某一课题，任何事情都无法使她分心。
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 7. 卷入/潜心于······ to get involved in… (L. 9) 活学活用她一旦潜心钻研某一课题，任何事情都无法使她分心。 Once she gets involved in a research, nothing can distract her mind from it. 上一页下一页

阿尔费雷德·诺贝尔看上去乐观开朗，但在内心深处却感到悲伤和孤独。
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 8. 在心底 deep down (L. 11) 活学活用阿尔费雷德·诺贝尔看上去乐观开朗，但在内心深处却感到悲伤和孤独。 Alfred Nobel appeared optimistic and cheerful, but, deep down, he felt sad and lonely. 上一页下一页

9. 愚弄某人 to make fools of sb. (L. 12) 愚弄他人就等于愚弄自己。
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 9. 愚弄某人 to make fools of sb. (L. 12) 活学活用愚弄他人就等于愚弄自己。 Making fools of others is just the same as laying oneself open to ridicule. 上一页下一页

to be entitled to (do) sth. (L. 13)
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 10. 有权做某事 to be entitled to (do) sth. (L. 13) 活学活用你没有权利告诉任何人什么是对什么是错。 You are not entitled to teach any one what is right or what is wrong. 上一页下一页

to be the cue to do sth. (L. 26)
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 11. 是做某事的暗示 to be the cue to do sth. (L. 26) 活学活用她光彩迷人的脸庞是在暗示消费者去购买这种化妆品。 Her shining and charming face is the consumer’s cue to buy this type of makeup. 上一页下一页

当他发现两岁的儿子学会顶嘴了，他觉得又好气又好笑。
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 12. 顶嘴 to talk back (L. 26) 活学活用当他发现两岁的儿子学会顶嘴了，他觉得又好气又好笑。 When he found his two-year-old son learned to talk back, he felt angry and funny. 上一页下一页

to lecture sb. about sth. (L. 29)
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 13. 就某事训斥某人 to lecture sb. about sth. (L. 29) 活学活用如果一个领导不论大事小事都爱训人，那一定是他无能的表现。 If a leader tends to lecture his men about anything major or minor, that must be an expression of his incompetence. 上一页下一页

在城里四处走走，你会强烈地感受到这里的居民特有的淳朴和善良。
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 14. 四处走动 to get around (L. 32) 活学活用在城里四处走走，你会强烈地感受到这里的居民特有的淳朴和善良。 Get around in the city and you will feel intensely the special simplicity and kindness in the citizens here. 上一页下一页

to get the cheapest bid (L. 41)
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 15. 拿到最低的报价 to get the cheapest bid (L. 41) 活学活用通过公开招标，我们既可以拿到最低报价又可以杜绝暗箱操作。 Through open tender, we can not only get the cheapest bid but prevent business under the table as well. 上一页下一页

to make a gradual shift away from… (L. 50)
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 16. 逐渐脱离······ to make a gradual shift away from… (L. 50) 活学活用一旦吸烟成瘾，想渐渐摆脱其诱惑也是难上加难的。 Once one is addicted to smoke, it is also next to impossible for him/her to make a gradual shift away from its lure. 上一页下一页

说也奇怪，你越急于摆脱一种思维定式，你越难于如愿。
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 17. 突然脱离/摆脱 to jump off (L. 51) 活学活用说也奇怪，你越急于摆脱一种思维定式，你越难于如愿。 Strangely, the more urge you feel to jump off a fixed pattern of thinking, the harder you find it to make it. 上一页下一页

to act as a champion for… (L. 55)
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 18. 成为······的捍卫者 to act as a champion for… (L. 55) 活学活用我们的社会需要越来越多的官员成为老百姓利益的忠实捍卫者。 Our society needs more and more officials to act as devoted champions for the interests of common people. 上一页下一页

19. 适宜于······; 同意参与······ to lend oneself to… (L. 56)
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 19. 适宜于······; 同意参与······ to lend oneself to… (L. 56) 活学活用从不亵渎爱情的人常常是第一个品尝真爱果实的人。 Those who never lend themselves to abuse of love are often the first to taste the fruits of true love. 上一页下一页

to convict sb. of doing sth. wrong (L. 66)
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 20. 证明/宣判某人有罪 to convict sb. of doing sth. wrong (L. 66) 活学活用我们无权勒令他退学，除非有足够的证据证明他考试作弊。 We have no right to order him to leave school unless there is enough evidence to convict him of cheating in the exam. 上一页下一页

III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文 Back 1. Typical patterns for unfavorable changes in sb.: 原句: Most caseworkers begin as college-educated liberals with high ideals. But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like the one I shall call “Suzanne”, a detective in shorts. (L. 13) 大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业生，有理想，而且思想开明。可是在这个实际上是要人撒谎的系统里干了几年后，他们就变得与那个叫苏珊娜的人一样了—— 一个穿运动短裤的侦探。上一页下一页

III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文 Back 句型提炼 Sb. begins as… with high ideals/great ambitions/good intentions to... But after a few years in… /of doing sth., he/she becomes like the one people often call “…”.某人刚开始时是······ ，有理想/有远大抱负/有······的美好愿望。可是在这个······里/做某事做了几年后，他/她就变得与人们所称的······一样了。上一页下一页

应用： a. 他起初是怀有远大抱负的。可是在这个充斥着不健康信息的互联网上漫游了数载之后，就变得与人们所称的“冷血动物”一样了。
返回课文 Back III. Expressions & Patterns 应用： a. 他起初是怀有远大抱负的。可是在这个充斥着不健康信息的互联网上漫游了数载之后，就变得与人们所称的“冷血动物”一样了。 He was full of ambitions at the beginning. But after a few years of wandering on the Internet flooded with unhealthy information, he became to like the one people would call “cold-blooded animal”. 上一页下一页

返回课文 Back III. Expressions & Patterns 应用：b. 在那部电视剧中，许多官员刚开始都是些有希望的人才，怀着为民造福的美好愿望。但是在诱惑有非凡抵御力的官场上干了数载之后，他们就变得与人们所称的“吸血鬼”一样了。 In the teleplay, many officials begin as promising talents with good intentions to work for the well-being of the people. But after a few years in the official circles that require unusual resistance to temptation, they become like the ones people would call “bloodsuckers”. 上一页下一页

2. Typical patterns for the statement of facts:
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 2. Typical patterns for the statement of facts: 原句: There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare. (L. 50) 如何逐渐脱离福利照顾，这在法律条款中没有明确规定。句型提炼 There is no provision of… in… for… 在······中没有明确/提供······ ，使你达到······目的。上一页下一页

返回课文 Back III. Expressions & Patterns 应用：a. 书山有路勤为径。 There is provision of ways in the mountains of books for your attainment of the summit but diligence serves as your own path to the top. 上一页下一页

返回课文 Back III. Expressions & Patterns 应用：b. 学海无涯苦作舟。 There is no provision of bounds in the ocean of learning for your attainment of the other end but diligence serves as your own vehicle of passage. 上一页下一页

3. Typical patterns for suggestion:
III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 3. Typical patterns for suggestion: 原句: There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. (L. 55) 真需要有一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象的权利，因为这一福利体制不仅容易使救济对象滥用权利，也很容易使福利提供者滥用权力。句型提炼 There needs to be sb./sth. who/that …, because… 真需要有······来······, 因为······ 上一页下一页

应用：a. 真需要有越来越多的学子来对考场作弊说“不”，因为这种现象有愈演愈烈之势。
返回课文 Back III. Expressions & Patterns 应用：a. 真需要有越来越多的学子来对考场作弊说“不”，因为这种现象有愈演愈烈之势。 There need to be more and more students who can say “no” to cheating in the exams, because this phenomenon has shown an inclination to become from bad to worse. 上一页下一页

应用：b. 真需要有越来越多的仁人志士来捍卫中华民族的美德，因为它们是我们社会生活中最不可缺少的品质和因素。
返回课文 III. Expressions & Patterns Back 应用：b. 真需要有越来越多的仁人志士来捍卫中华民族的美德，因为它们是我们社会生活中最不可缺少的品质和因素。 There need to be more and more public-spirited people who can act as champions for the virtues of the Chinese nation, because they are the vital characters and factors of our social life. 上一页

III. Exercises — Summary
Life in a wheelchair is _____. Living on welfare is just like sharing a dinner of raw pet food ____ the cat. Many welfare clients do not have money to ___ a decent life. __________, lying and cheating the welfare system ___ extra money becomes normal. However, some unusual individuals, who have ____________ to live a life of complete honesty, do ___ the truth to caseworkers and ______ any extra income they make. Being honest, however, is not _______ its problems. Caseworkers will greatly tough with live As a result for made a choice tell declare without 下一页

III. Exercises — Summary
increase _______ the frequency of their visits and leave ______ a small mountain of paper work ___ the client to fill ___. The rules say that not a penny is to be ___________ for. ___ a single gift, _____________ small, is to be unreported. These rules and the natural consequent lying ____________ tend to transform caseworkers ____ being helpers of the poor __ being detectives constantly _________ for any forms of cheating. behind for out unaccounted Not no matter how unfortunately from to searching 上一页

Exercises Comprehension Vocabulary Collocation Word Building Structure
《读写教程4》EX: II, P. 66 Vocabulary 《读写教程4》EX: III, P. 66 《读写教程4》EX: IV, P. 67 Collocation 《读写教程4》EX: V, P. 67 Word Building 《读写教程4》EX: VI, P. 68 《读写教程4》EX: VII, P. 68 Structure 《读写教程4》EX: VIII, P. 69 《读写教程4》EX: IX, P. 69 Translation 《读写教程4》EX: X, P. 70 《读写教程4》EX: XI, P. 70

II. Answer the following questions.
III. Exercises--Comprehension Back 《读写教程 IV》: Ex. II, p. 66 II. Answer the following questions. 1. What does the author mean by saying “A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody expects it”? He means that a welfare client is believed to lie to get a little extra welfare money and those caseworkers know it well. 上一页下一页

2. How has the author chosen to live as a welfare client?
III. Exercises--Comprehension Back 2. How has the author chosen to live as a welfare client? He has chosen to live an honest life by drumming up some business outside and drawing cartoons for magazines. 3. What do caseworkers really expect welfare clients to do? They know clearly that they are being made fools of by some of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. 上一页下一页

4. What is the author’s attitude towards caseworkers?
III. Exercises--Comprehension Back 4. What is the author’s attitude towards caseworkers? He doesn’t think those caseworkers are to blame so he isn’t being bitter. 5. Why is the welfare system to blame, according to the author? Because he believes it practically requires people to lie. 上一页下一页

6. How could the author possibly get his wheelchair repaired at last?
III. Exercises--Comprehension Back 6. How could the author possibly get his wheelchair repaired at last? He had to call a caseworker he called Suzanne first. After giving a little lecture, Suzanne was supposed to notify the medical worker, who would certify that there was a problem. Then the medical worker called the wheelchair repair companies to get the cheapest bid. Then the medical worker alerted the main welfare office. They considered the matter for days before calling back and approving the repair, if he was lucky. 上一页下一页

7. What does the author think of the current welfare system?
III. Exercises--Comprehension Back 7. What does the author think of the current welfare system? The system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. 8. What kind of new welfare system does the author dream of? He dreams of a new system that will encourage the clients and help them to develop their talents, rather than seek to convict them of cheating. 上一页下一页

V. Exercises--Vocabulary
Back 《读写教程 IV》: Ex. III, p. 66 III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. receipt convict alert profile thrive bid rent bleed pension leak entitle donation If _________ of the charge he could face a prison sentence of six years. convicted 上一页下一页

receipt convict alert profile thrive bid rent bleed pension leak
V. Exercises--Vocabulary Back receipt convict alert profile thrive bid rent bleed pension leak entitle donation 2. John believes that the ________ of food to the hungry is more helpful than giving money. 3. The West is ________ poorer countries dry through interest payments on their debts. 4. It has been estimated that around one in five pensioners _______ to these benefits do not actually claim them. donation bleeding entitled 上一页下一页

5. I decided to keep a low ______, after all I was a guest.
V. Exercises--Vocabulary Back receipt convict alert profile thrive bid rent bleed pension leak entitle donation 5. I decided to keep a low ______, after all I was a guest. 6. When you retire, you are allowed to exchange part of your expected _______ for a lump sum—and this is tax-free under the present law. profile pension 上一页下一页

receipt convict alert profile thrive bid rent bleed pension leak
V. Exercises--Vocabulary Back receipt convict alert profile thrive bid rent bleed pension leak entitle donation 7. My garden is too dry and shady—not many plants ______ in that condition. 8. We are ready to start services immediately upon ______ of government approval. thrive receipt 上一页下一页

Back 《读写教程 IV》: Ex. IV, p. 67 IV. Fill in each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or adverb. 1. His role was to drum ____ contributions and donations from friends in big business. up to 2. It’s very easy to yield ____ the temptation to sign for a lot of money. 上一页下一页

Back 3. Children who talk ____ are regarded as cheeky (厚脸皮的) and disrespectful. back 4. As he poured the tea, Peter wondered if she’d told James about how she’d made a fool ____ him; perhaps they had laughed at him together. of 上一页下一页

5. News of her pregnancy soon gets _____ in the small neighborhood.
V. Exercises--Vocabulary Back 5. News of her pregnancy soon gets _____ in the small neighborhood. around 6. You should review your situation, think about changes, look _____ the past and present before you revise your plans for your future. into 上一页下一页

8. The computer lends itself _____ many different uses.
V. Exercises--Vocabulary Back for 7. If natural selection was to account ____ the evolution of man’s higher faculties, as Darwin was convinced it could, then those faculties must have a material basis. 8. The computer lends itself _____ many different uses. to 上一页下一页

V. Exercises--Collocation
Back 《读写教程 IV》: Ex. V, p. 67 V. Look at the following sentence taken from your reading passage. Just think about what else you can “endure” and fill in the sentences with the right word. e. g. Each time mine broke down, lost a screw, needed a new roller bearing, the brake wouldn’t work, etc., and I called Suzanne, I had to endure a little lecture. 上一页下一页

Back The two men have endured the heaviest pres____ that could be imagined rather than betray their friend, Resenence Jeopardy. pressure 2. In view of the hard_____ endured by many peasants, it is hardly surprising that there were outbreaks of discontent, sometimes in violent forms. hardships 上一页下一页

Back 3. As intended, it was the highlight of the film and successfully reflected the pa__ endured by long-distance runners. 4. The general was clear that his troops could not endure another de____ in this freezing winter. 5. The passengers were informed that they had to endure a further de___ of two hours because of the heavy fog. pain defeat delay 上一页下一页

Back 6. By mid-April the German soldiers were complaining that they would rather endure hun___ than make the dangerous expeditions (远征) for food. 7. I’d rather be a slave in comfort than endure those con_______ of freedom. 8. Little Tom had his eyes closed and his fists clenched (捏紧) tight as he summoned (鼓起) up every last ounce of courage in his eleven-year-old body to endure his father’s bad tem___ without weeping or crying out. hunger conditions temper 上一页下一页

V. Exercises—Word Building
Back 《读写教程 IV》: Ex. VI, p. 68 VI. The suffix -like is added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning of being similar to or resembling. And the suffix -ish is added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning of of the nature of or resembling. The suffix is also added to adjectives to form new adjectives with the meaning of having a small amount of the characteristics or quality described by the original adjective. For example: 上一页下一页

1. After tea he wrote a ______ letter to Hilda. (long) longish
V. Exercises—Word Building Back violin violin-like child childlike lady ladylike shell shell-like childish fool foolish dark darkish large largish Now complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the words given in brackets, using either the suffix -like or the suffix -ish depending on the context. 1. After tea he wrote a ______ letter to Hilda. (long) longish 上一页下一页

3. I know that when I have children, I have to be less ______. (self)
V. Exercises—Word Building Back violin violin-like child childlike lady ladylike shell shell-like childish fool foolish dark darkish large largish 2. The local paper criticized what it described as the __________ behavior of the football fans. (animal) 3. I know that when I have children, I have to be less ______. (self) animal-like selfish 上一页下一页

violin violin-like child childlike lady ladylike shell shell-like
V. Exercises—Word Building Back violin violin-like child childlike lady ladylike shell shell-like childish fool foolish dark darkish large largish 4. The flowers of mature lime trees (酸橙树) have a delicious _________ fragrance (芳香). (honey) 5. There was a large, _______ structure on the top of the building. (ball) honey-like ball-like 上一页下一页

6. Even as an old man he retained his ______ charm. (boy)
V. Exercises—Word Building Back violin violin-like child childlike lady ladylike shell shell-like childish fool foolish dark darkish large largish 6. Even as an old man he retained his ______ charm. (boy) 7. You can see that the leaves of these trees vary from ________ green to dark green. (yellow) boyish yellowish 上一页下一页

violin violin-like child childlike lady ladylike shell shell-like
V. Exercises—Word Building Back violin violin-like child childlike lady ladylike shell shell-like childish fool foolish dark darkish large largish 8. It was a _______ production of the play: I’ve seen better but there have also been far worse. (good) goodish 上一页下一页

Back 《读写教程 IV》: Ex. VII, p. 68 VII. The suffix -ian is added to nouns and adjectives to form new nouns. Nouns formed in this way refer to a person whose job or hobby involves the thing referred to by the original noun. For example: mathematics + -ian mathematician: a person who specializes in the study of mathematics history historian:a person who specializes in the study of history 上一页下一页

Back Look at the following words ending in -ian and think about their meanings. Then complete the following sentences with the newly formed nouns. beautician electrician magician musician politician physician technician comedian 1. It’s strange: No one trusts _________, but we let them govern the world. politicians 上一页下一页

Back beautician electrician magician musician politician physician technician comedian 2. They are looking for a laboratory _________, who is very good at the detailed technical aspects of laboratory management. 3. The audience burst out laughing when the _________ copied the acts of Charlie Chaplin. technician comedian 上一页下一页

Back beautician electrician magician musician politician physician technician comedian 4. The blind man told him that the music seemed out of tune to their Western ears, but it had charm and he asked him to describe the _________ for him. 5. In this country _________ are required to report cases of dangerous contagious (传染性的) diseases like AIDS as public-health hazards. musicians physicians 上一页下一页

Back beautician electrician magician musician politician physician technician comedian 6. We have been told that __________ are coming to do the rewiring on Tuesday. 7. When she was in London, she worked as a _________ and skin care specialist in an expensive salon (沙龙). 8. The children were all amused by the wonderful tricks the ________ performed. electricians beautician magician 上一页下一页

Model 1: People expect that a welfare client cheats. (suppose)
V. Exercises—Structure Back 《读写教程 IV》: Ex. VIII, p. 69 VIII. Study the models given below and rewrite each of the following sentences using the structure “be V-ed + to V ” with the verb provided. Pay attention to the tense and voice in the structure. Model 1: People expect that a welfare client cheats. (suppose) A welfare client is supposed to cheat. 上一页下一页

Two people are reported to have been killed in the explosion.
V. Exercises—Structure Back Model 2: It is reported that two people were killed in the explosion. (report) Two people are reported to have been killed in the explosion. 1. People believe that the wanted man is living in New York. (believe) The wanted man is believed to be living in New York. 上一页下一页

2. It is said that many people are homeless after the floods. (say)
V. Exercises—Structure Back 2. It is said that many people are homeless after the floods. (say) Many people are said to be homeless after the floods. 3. People say that three men were arrested after the explosion. (say) Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion. 上一页下一页

The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall.
V. Exercises—Structure Back 4. It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall. (think) The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall. 5. It is reported that four people were seriously injured in the accident. (report) Four people are reported to have been seriously injured in the accident. 上一页下一页

V. Exercises—Structure
Back 《读写教程 IV》: Ex. IX, p. 69 IX. Look at the following sentence taken from your reading passage. The verb “stop” is used with v-ing form. There are other verbs in English that can be followed either by an infinitive or an -ing form, but with different meanings. Now rewrite each of the sentences with the verb in the brackets and take care to think whether to use -ing form or infinitive. 上一页下一页

1. He did send her flowers, but it didn’t have any effect. (try)
V. Exercises—Structure Back Model: The government no longer took care of our chairs. (stop) The government stopped taking care of our chairs. 1. He did send her flowers, but it didn’t have any effect. (try) He tried sending her flowers, but it didn’t have any effect. 上一页下一页

I don’t regret telling her what I thought, even if I upset her.
V. Exercises—Structure Back 2. I don’t feel sorry about telling her what I thought, even if I upset her. (regret) I don’t regret telling her what I thought, even if I upset her. 3. She read a biography (传记) about Charlie Chaplin, which described him as a Marxist. (remember) She remembered reading a biography about Charlie Chaplin, which described him as a Marxist. 上一页下一页

We regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you employment.
V. Exercises—Structure Back 4. We feel sorry but we have to inform you that we are unable to offer you employment. (regret) We regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you employment. 5. He first welcomed the new student and then he turned to the topic of college regulations and made some explanations. (go on) He welcomed the new student and then went on to explain the college regulations. 上一页下一页

X. Translate the following sentences into English.
V. Exercises—Translation Back 《读写教程 IV》: Ex. X, p. 70 X. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 从法律上说，你完全可以将质量不过关的商品退还给那家商店，但是应该解释清楚为什么。 legally to be entitled to do to account for You are legally entitled to take faulty goods back to the store where you purchased them, but you are supposed to account for why you want to do so. 上一页下一页

2. 你只需填写一张表格就取得了会员资格，它可以使你在买东西时享受打折的优惠。
V. Exercises—Translation Back 2. 你只需填写一张表格就取得了会员资格，它可以使你在买东西时享受打折的优惠。 to fill out a form to entitle you to a discount on goods You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods. 上一页下一页

3. 一年前,那位汽车经销商(dealer) 以优质服务来招揽顾客,如今他的生意已十分红火。
V. Exercises—Translation Back 3. 一年前,那位汽车经销商(dealer) 以优质服务来招揽顾客,如今他的生意已十分红火。 business be thriving by offering good services to drum up buyers One year ago, the car dealer tried to drum up buyers by offering good services. Now, his business is thriving. 上一页下一页

4. 这桩刑事案件经过仔细调查后，他被证明犯了谋杀罪。
V. Exercises—Translation Back 4. 这桩刑事案件经过仔细调查后，他被证明犯了谋杀罪。 to be convicted of murder to look into carefully The crime was looked into carefully before he was convicted of murder. 上一页下一页

V. Exercises—Translation
Back 5. 我的车子在高速公路上抛锚后,我打电话向高速公路巡逻队(the Freeway Service Patrol) 求助,20分钟后他们帮我解了围,留下了一张150美元的收据。 to call… for help to come to my rescue to break down I called the Freeway Service Patrol for help after my car broke down on the freeway. Twenty minutes later, they came to my rescue and left a $ 150 receipt. 上一页下一页

6. 由于面临失业的危险，这些工人只好接受了管理部门的意见，重新回去工作。
V. Exercises—Translation Back 6. 由于面临失业的危险，这些工人只好接受了管理部门的意见，重新回去工作。 to be faced with… to yield to… Faced with the threat of losing their jobs, these workers yielded to the management’s advice and went back to work . 上一页下一页

7. 拐走孩子的那名中年男子向男孩的父亲敲诈了两万美金，来补偿他公司的损失。
V. Exercises—Translation Back 7. 拐走孩子的那名中年男子向男孩的父亲敲诈了两万美金，来补偿他公司的损失。 to bleed sb. for… as a compensation for the loss The middle-aged man who took the boy bled the father for $20,000 as a compensation for the loss of his company. 上一页下一页

8. 这个靠救济过日子的人开始慢慢地建立了自己的市场，生意日渐兴隆。
V. Exercises—Translation Back 8. 这个靠救济过日子的人开始慢慢地建立了自己的市场，生意日渐兴隆。 the man living on welfare business be thriving one step at a time The man living on welfare began to set up his own market, one step at a time and his business is thriving. 上一页下一页

1. A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody expects it.
Back V. Exercises--Translation 《读写教程 IV》: Ex. XI, p. 70 XI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody expects it. 每个人都觉得靠社会福利救济的人在骗人。下一页上一页

但即使我抵抗不住这种诱惑，我投稿的那些大杂志也不愿给自己惹麻烦。
Back V. Exercises--Translation 2. But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation. 但即使我抵抗不住这种诱惑，我投稿的那些大杂志也不愿给自己惹麻烦。上一页下一页

社会工作者心底里知道许多救济对象在欺骗他们，因此他们觉得，作为补偿，他们有权让救济对象点头哈腰。
Back V. Exercises--Translation 3. Deep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. 社会工作者心底里知道许多救济对象在欺骗他们，因此他们觉得，作为补偿，他们有权让救济对象点头哈腰。上一页下一页

4. This was my cue to beg. Instead, I talked back.
V. Exercises--Translation 4. This was my cue to beg. Instead, I talked back. 她这是在暗示我：得哀求她了。但是我却将她顶了回去。 5. Suzanne tries to lecture me about repairs to my wheelchair, which is always breaking down because welfare won’t spend the money to maintain it properly. 苏珊娜试图就修理轮椅的问题训斥我。由于福利部门不愿花钱好好地修，所以我的轮椅经常坏。上一页下一页

6. Of course I do. I’m an active worker, not a vegetable.
Back V. Exercises--Translation 6. Of course I do. I’m an active worker, not a vegetable. 我当然得经常用我的轮椅。我是一个工作很积极的人，又不是植物人。 7. There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare. 如何逐渐脱离福利照顾，这在法律条款中没有明确规定。上一页下一页

我们需要一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象的权利，因为这一福利体制不仅容易使救济对象滥用权力，也很容易使福利提供者滥用权力。
V. Exercises--Translation Back 8. There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. 我们需要一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象的权利，因为这一福利体制不仅容易使救济对象滥用权力，也很容易使福利提供者滥用权力。上一页下一页

Definitions of Something
Ⅵ. Writing Definitions of Something 1. 人们对某一事物的不同界定。 2. 其正确的定义为······ 3. 如何对待该事物？（界定说明文）写作模式参考范文

写作模式（界定说明文）（划线部分可替换）
Back 写作模式（界定说明文） 1) Something may be many things to many people./People usually view something from different perspectives. (主题引入) 2) Some would prefer to define it as… while others would like to interpret it as… (人们的不同解读) 3) There are still some others who are inclined to regard it as…(人们的进一步解读) （划线部分可替换）上一页下一页

Ⅵ Writing Back 4) If seen in its true colors/In a proper sense/ In essence, however, something is nothing but…, no matter what… (正确的界定) 5) The key to the issue is the yardstick you use for measuring. (进一步阐述) 6）If you…, you are more likely to… but, if you…, you have more chances to…(进一步阐述) 7) On the other hand, something is also a becoming.(进一步界定) 8) It goes up along with… whereas it goes down together with… (进一步阐述) （划线部分可替换）上一页下一页

Ⅵ Writing Back 9) So there is much need to... 10) To achieve this/To make it, you’d better learn how to…, which/as…(建议I) 11) And meanwhile, you may…, after which, you will… (建议II) 12) But most important/ vital for you is… (建议III) （划线部分可替换）上一页下一页

The True Meaning of Self-worth
Ⅵ Writing Back The True Meaning of Self-worth 1. 人们对自我价值的不同界定。 2. 其正确的定义为······ 3. 如何培养正确的自我价值观？上一页下一页

Ⅵ Writing Back 1) Self-worth may be many things to many people. (主题引入) 2) Some would prefer to define it as the wealth they have achieved while others would like to interpret it as the social status they enjoy. (人们的不同解读)3) There are still some others who are inclined to regard it as the esteem of others they have gained. (人们的进一步解读) 上一页下一页

Ⅵ Writing Back 4) If seen in its true colors, however, self-worth, or self-esteem, is nothing but a positive acceptance of your whole self, no matter what you are in society. (正确的界定) 5) The key to the issue is the yardstick you use for measuring. (进一步阐述) 6）If you tend to weigh yourself on the scale of the more successful or the judgment of others, you are more likely to feel down on yourself, 上一页下一页

Ⅵ Writing Back but if you love to compare your advantages with others’ disadvantages, you have more chances to overestimate your own value.(进一步阐述) 7) On the other hand, self-worth is also a becoming.(进一步界定) 8) It goes up along with more and more worth you prove to society whereas it goes down together with less and less effort you make in what counts to society as well as to your life. (进一步阐述) 上一页下一页

Ⅵ Writing Back 9) So there is much need to develop a proper self-worth. 10) To achieve this, you’d better learn how to reinforce the belief that every individual has unique worth, which awaits his/her discovery.(建议I) 11) And meanwhile, you may choose a goal within your reach and attain it, after which, you will have a better opinion of your self-worth. (建议II) 12) But most important for you is to build up your self-worth through greater and greater efforts in your study and work.(建议III) THE END 上一页

返回 Text 渴望新的福利救济制度 Para 人人都觉得福利救济对象是在骗人。我认识的许多坐轮椅的人面临与宠物猫分吃生猫食的窘境，都会向福利机构多榨取几美元。为了能领到一点额外的福利款，他们告诉政府说他们实际上少拿了200美元的养老金，或告诉社会工作者，说房东又提高了100美元的房租。

返回 Text Para 我选择了过一种完全诚实的生活，因此我不会那样做，而是四处找活，揽些画漫画的活。我甚至还告诉福利机构我赚了多少钱！噢，私下里领一笔钱当然对我也挺有吸引力，但即使我抗不住这种诱惑，我投稿的那些大杂志也不会去给自己惹麻烦。他们会保留我的记录，而这些记录会直接进入政府的电脑。真是态度鲜明，毫不含糊。

返回 Text Para. 3 作为一名福利救济对象，我必须在社会工作者面前卑躬屈膝。社会工作者心里知道许多救济对象在欺骗他们，因此他们觉得，作为补偿，他们有权让救济对象向他们点头哈腰。我并不是故意感到忿忿不平。大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业生，有理想，而且思想开明。可是在这个实际上是要人撒谎的系统里干了几年后，他们就变得与那个叫苏珊娜的人一样了——一个穿运动短裤的侦探。

返回 Text Para. 4 去年圣诞节，苏珊娜到我家来了解情况，看到墙上贴着新的宣传画，便问：“你从哪儿弄到钱来买这些？” Para. 5 “朋友和家人。” Para. 6 “那么，你最好要张收据，真的，你接受任何捐献或礼物都要报告。” Para. 7 她这是在暗示我：得哀求她了。但是我却将她顶了回去。“ 那天在马路上有人给我一根烟，我也得报告吗？” Para. 8 “对不起，卡拉汉先生，可是规定不是我制定的。”

返回 Text Para 苏珊娜试图就修理轮椅的问题训斥我。由于福利部门不愿意花钱好好地修理，所以它总是坏。“您是知道的，卡拉汉先生，我听说您的那台轮椅比一般人用得多得多。” Para. 10 我当然用得多，我是个工作很积极的人，又不是植物人。我住在闹市区附近，可以坐着轮椅到处走走。我真想知道如果她突然摔坏臀部，不得不爬着去上班时，是什么感受。

返回 Text Para 政府削减福利开支已经导致许多人挨饿受苦，我只是其中之一。但这种削减对脊柱伤残的人士更有特别的影响：政府已经不管我们的轮椅了。每次我的轮椅坏了，掉了螺丝，需要换轴承，或刹车不灵等，我都打电话给苏珊娜，但每次都要挨训。她最后总会说：好吧，如果今天我能抽出时间的话，我会找医务人员的。

返回 Text Para 她该通知医务人员，由他来证明问题确实存在，然后打电话给各家轮椅维修公司，拿到最低的报价。接着医务人员就通知州府的福利总部，他们再花几天时间考虑这件事。而这期间我只能躺在床上，动弹不得。最后，如果我幸运的话，他们会给我回电话，同意维修。

返回 Text Para 当福利部门获悉我画漫画赚钱时，苏珊娜就开始每两个星期 “拜访” 我一次，而不是每两个月才一次了。她寻遍每个角落，想找出我未上报的电器，或者是女仆、烤炉里的烤猪、停在房后新买的直升飞机什么的。她从来都是一无所获，但最后我总要填厚厚的一叠表格，说明每一分钱的来历。

返回 Text Para 如何逐渐脱离福利照顾，这在法律条款中没有明确规定。我是一个独立的生意人，正在慢慢建立起自己的市场。要脱离福利救济，一下子做到每月能挣 2,000美元是不可能的。但我很想自己负担部分生活费用，不必在每次需要为轮椅买点配件时都去尴尬地求人。

返回 Text Para 真需要有一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象的权利，因为这一福利体制不仅容易使救济对象滥用权利，也很容易使福利提供者滥用权力。前几天，由于药剂师说我使用的医疗用品超出常量，于是福利部门派苏珊娜到我的住所调查。我确实多用了，因为外科手术所造的排尿孔的大小改变了，于是尿袋的连接处发生渗漏。

返回 Text Para 她正做着记录，我家的电话铃响了。苏珊娜接听了电话，是一位州议员打来的，这使她慌了一下。数以千计像我这样的福利救济对象，如果允许的话，可以慢慢地负担自己的一部分甚至全部生活费用，对此，我会不会在州政府的委员会里尝试做点儿什么呢？

返回 Text Para 还用说吗？我当然会！总有一天，像我这样的福利救济对象将在一种新的福利制度下过上好日子，这种制度不是要千方百计证明福利救济对象在欺骗，而是要鼓励他们自立。他们将能自由地、毫无愧疚、毫不担忧地发挥他们的才干，或拥有一份稳定的好工作。

Longing for a New Welfare System

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Longing for a New Welfare System"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

反馈

请登录

Auth with social network:

Longing for a New Welfare System

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Longing for a New Welfare System"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

反馈