The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? ___71___ It's similar to the music you listen to, but.

Presentation on theme: "The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? ___71___ It's similar to the music you listen to, but."— Presentation transcript:

1 The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? ___71___ It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. C. Music is playing in the background.

2 B. The music gives them extra energy.
Quiet background music used to be called "elevator (电梯) music" because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name "Muzak". About one-third of the people in America listen to "Muzak" everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. ___72___ B. The music gives them extra energy.

3 If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? ___73___ F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.

4 Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. ___74___ Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more.

5 ___75___ They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time
___75___ They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak! A. Some people don't like Muzak.

6 题型解读： 大纲要求：在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。
时间：大约6~7分钟 考查重点：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明） 选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容） 过渡性句子（文章结构） 注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）

7 三种关联秒杀—— 七选五 The best preparation for tomorrow
三种关联秒杀—— 七选五 The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.

8

9 前后语义关联；前后语法关联；文章结构关联
前后语句因含义构成的联系，叫语义关联 前后语句在语法层面构成的显著联系，叫语法关联 篇章段落间构成的结构关系，叫结构关联

10 请翻译： head bolt washer nut thread width
头 螺栓 无关联 译错了 洗衣工 坚果 线宽度

11 换一种译法： head bolt washer nut thread width
螺帽 有关联 螺栓 垫圈 螺母 螺距

12 语法关联 名词、代词呼应关系； 第二次出现用 the 的呼应； 前后时态一致呼应关系； 并列、复合句式关系：

13 篇章结构指的是段与段的关联 比如：总分式；辨证三段式 引子，正方，反方，我认为
篇章结构关联 篇章结构指的是段与段的关联 比如：总分式；辨证三段式 引子，正方，反方，我认为

14 1-1、________________ 词汇复现---同词复现 语义关联
细节类题型 1-1、________________ 词汇复现---同词复现 …During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions My first reaction was to answer defensively. … 语义关联 B. Restate the question with respect. C. Some ideas can be quite concrete. D. There were many difficult questions.

15 Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself.
细节类题型 image ______ The image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Always love yourself. Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it . self-images Self-image

16 A. There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.
细节类题型 Surround Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. ________ A. There are some tips in life that lead to happiness. B. Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood. C. On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious. are around

17 复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，复现的形式主要是指主要是指同词（同源词）复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现等。
细节类题型 词汇复现--反义词复现 1-2、__________________ There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage…. 复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，复现的形式主要是指主要是指同词（同源词）复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现等。 But 语义关联 D. Try not to find fault with your friends. E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.

18 2-1 _____________________
词汇同现（同一词汇范畴) 2-1 _____________________ Parents should help their children understand money. 71 so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example. 同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇（意思相近）在文章中同时出现，你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到做题快而准。 语义关联 D. Talk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest. 细节类题型

19 A.Modern Londoner are fancy victims
细节类题型 意义同现法 2-2 _______________ Riding a London subway , a person from China will notice one major difference: In London, commuters (乘车上下班的人)don’t look at each other. __71__. That is not rudeness ---- people are just too busy to bother looking . A.Modern Londoner are fancy victims D.In fact ,eye contact is avoided at all the time. 虽用不同的词但表达相同的意思。即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。 语义关联

20 前后有相同字、呼应词 语义关联显著特征： 【屡试屡验的方法】 在空前、空后句中寻找相同字或相关呼应词

21 ___________ 代词线索 细节类题型 Try taking these four steps. the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to “trusted adult, such as “parent or other relatives They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. 名词、代词单复数上呼应关系 语法关联 D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And don't forget about your friends.

22 细节类题型 At the beginning, much depends on how people meet，and on good first impressions. As we get to know people, Although these factors are not of the greatest importance，it is more difficult to have a good relationship with people when there is a big difference in age and background． A. we are usually friends with only a few B. many factors can affect friendship and relationship E．we consider things like age，race，looks，economic and social status，etc.

23 Creative thinking techniques can develop children’s mind.
细节类题型 _____ Improved thinking abilities will help them to understand more both in academic sense and in as an individual.Always love yourself. Thinking is a skill. Creative thinking techniques can develop children’s mind. Thinking is a tool, and it is something that can be sharpened. them children

24 Both television and the Internet have many disadvantages.
细节类题型 _________ They give more background and details. They also let you read parts that are important to you and skip the rest. Both television and the Internet have many disadvantages. Other high-tech timesavers have similar disadvantages. Newspapers and magazines have some important advantages. They read Newspapers and magazines

25 数字线索 细节类题型 Ex.6 As in China, the weather is different from area to area.___1____ The temperatures can fall to –60℃ ，which is 60℃ below freezing. In the capital,Ottawa,the average of winter temperature is --10℃,and in summer 21 ℃. ___2____ The average January temperature is 3 ℃,and in July it is 18 ℃ 包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio比率 , rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。 语义关联 Canada is famous for the kind of paper which is used for newspapers Canada is the second largest country in the world . The west coast of Canada is the warmest place in winter In the North,the winters are long and hard with snow for six months. For two centuries English and French settlers struggled against each other.

26 细节类题型 冠词线索 Some 40 years earlier, at the beginning of the 18th century, the French had founded another city just above the Mississippi delta, New Orleans New Orleans is one of the great ports of the world, and one of the greatest terminals for both sea and river traffic. A. It was the Mississippi that made the city what it is （海淀一模The Mississippi） B．Levees, high banks built of earth, hold back the flood waters C．Therefore, as we know, it’s the third longest river in the world 定冠词the一般之上文出现过，或提到过的人或物，并且上文提到的该人或物以 a/ an+ n （another/some+ n）的形式出现. 语法关联

27 时态线索 语法关联 相邻句子时态往往一样 细节类题型
_____________________ 2 The term itself came from the fact that the dances were made in the streets. There aren’t any rules to “street dance” and freestyle is emphasized. It’s hard to define, but it is basically freely expressing music with one’s body. A. Street dance was first formed in the 20th century. B. Street dance is one of the most popular forms of outdoor sport. C. Battle of the Year, Freestyle Session and Just Debut are all break dancing competition. 语法关联 相邻句子时态往往一样

28 时态线索 细节类题型   ________The term itself came from that the fact the dances were made in the streets. There aren’t any rules to “street dance” and freestyle is emphasized. It’s hard to define, but it is basically freely expressing music with one’s body. 语法关联 相邻句子时态往往一样 A. Street dance was first formed in the 20th century. B. Street dance is one of the most popular forms of outdoor sport. C. Battle of the Year, Freestyle Session and Just Debut are all break dancing competition. D. There are many different schools of street dance. E. Sometimes street dance becomes competitive and you should  hold your own in a circle. F. Street dance has been accepted by the young. G Some schools use street dance as a form of physical education. was is are  are becomes   has use

29 主旨类题型-标题 标题 _______ Universities in Britain are a magnet for overseas students. There are currently over from outside Britain studying at British universities. The largest single group is Chinese students.There are currently in the UK. Universities in the UK It is very simple to become an international student in the UK Scholarships in Universities 短小精悍， 简洁概括全文，大写。 结构关联

30 Teaching your kids to love nature
主旨类题型-标题 Teaching your kids to love nature There are many things that parents and teachers can do to help children develop love for nature Start young If you love nature yourself, it is very easy to…… 2___ A great way to help children connect them with nature is to get them to help in the garden .this will bring them touch ….. Take them into the wild Make trips to the wild with your children regularly…… 结构关联 祈使句 A. Let them to help in the garden B. As they grow older, teach children to value nature. C. Make trips to the wild with your children regularly.

31 主旨类题型-标题 Three Apples changed the world. The first one seduced Eve. The second one awakened Newton. The third one was in the hands of Steve Jobs __ on character I’m the only person I know that’s lost a quarter of a billion dollars…… on good design That’s been one on my mottoes--- focus and simplicity. simple……. ___3___ Your work is going to fill a large part of your life. and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you’re you believe is great work……. B 结构关联 介词短语 C A. It’s very character-building . B. Here are some famous words from Steve Jobs to share. C. On your working life D. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do .

32 Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed.
主旨类题型-段落大意 段首 _______ When a person does a certain thing again, he is impelled(迫使) by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly; thus a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult , and sometimes impossible, to get rid of . It is very important for us to know why we should get used to good habits. Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed. Whether good or not habits are , they are easy to get rid of . 概括文段：认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。 结构关联

33 点出主题，引出下文 1) 首段首句 首尾呼应 2) 中间段首句 总结下文—— 本段主题 3)末段首句 靠上下文承接做题 文章主题，总结全文
主旨类题型-段落大意 点出主题，引出下文 1) 首段首句 2) 中间段首句 3)末段首句 首尾呼应 总结下文—— 本段主题 靠上下文承接做题 文章主题，总结全文

34 Predictions of the Future
主旨类题型-段落大意 Not all past predictions have been proved wrong. ______. Some great thinkers predicted the arrival of the credit card, the fax machine and even the Internet ----years before they happened. Predictions of the Future A few of them have been surprisingly accurate. C. It hasn’t appear yet. 段中 承上启下：根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案 结构关联

35 Skills and knowledge means competition.
主旨类题型-段落大意 总结，承上启下：注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 结构关联 Nowadays in China, parents care about their children’s education more than anything else. They spend a lot coaching(训练) their children in their studies. Some even hire teachers for their children. Many have their children sent to after-class schools.____. So it seems as if a better education is all that parents expect for their children. Skills and knowledge means competition. Skills and knowledge doesn’t mean all. 段尾

36 推理类题型 逻辑关系线索 （并列或递进关系） and, or, also，neither…nor…, either…or…, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same …as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. 结构关联 B. Do things together. C. Do not wait to be spoken to. D. Try not to find fault with your friends.

37 Communication between human beings
推理类题型 It seems urgent, that communications in transport should be improved. ____ All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Communication between human beings should also be kept smooth and polite. B.Yet this is all too often seen. C.The public should obey the rules. also

38 逻辑关系线索 （因果关系） 结构关联 推理类题型
It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason 结构关联 E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.

39 A. So a number of parents began home-schooling
推理类题型 …_________ Some choose it because of their religious beliefs. Others say it provides more time for the family to be together.They say home offers a better place for learning. Some parents…. A. So a number of parents began home-schooling B. Home –schooling is not accepted by all the people C. Parents choose home –schooling for several reasons D.Most often, their parents are their teachers

40 逻辑关系线索 （转折关系） 结构关联 推理类题型
Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit—and that can be a very annoying thing Read on for some techniques worth trying. but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that,, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of 结构关联 D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading. F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments. G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.

41 B. A bedtime drink can also help C. Having a good sleep will keep you
推理类题型 …This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercises earlier in the day should help you feel physically as well as mentally tired ._______However, coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake…. A. So, what’s a good sleep? B. A bedtime drink can also help C. Having a good sleep will keep you lively the whole day.

42 A.Sometimes they even write the script by hand .
推理类题型 However __________ However, the real movie capital is Mumbai, in India. Mumbai used to be known as Bombay, and so the film industry there is called “Bollywood” A.Sometimes they even write the script by hand . B.Most people think that the capital of the movie world is Hollywood, in the United States. C.They may even shoot scenes for several films on the same day using the same clothes.

43 The following are its advantages.
推理类题型 …On the other hand ,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to- day opportunities to learn a new culture, meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language, and chances to see different parts of the world. ______Those disadvantages include expense, time away from one’s school, family,… The following are its advantages. However, there may be a number of disadvantages. Consider a distance education. Most of us are adapted to studying at school.

44 时间、层次关系 推理类题型 Taking good notes is a time saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways.__________ Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers….(2008 宁夏.海南卷） Second afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间 结构关联 Use words, not complete sentences . You must write your notes on separate paper. First,the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember. There are three practical note-taking methods.

45 A.Children are most likely to become addicted to violent videogames.
推理类题型 Psychologists think there may be many reasons why violent games are more harmful to children than violent movies. Firstly, players are actively involved in violence, and may begin to use weapons as second nature._________ A.Children are most likely to become addicted to violent videogames. B. At least 12 murders since 1997 have been linked to an addiction with violent video games. C. Secondly, violent games provide repetitive aggressive experiences that are rewarded by more killing. Firstly Secondly

46 前后语义关联 前后语法关联 文章结构关联

47 SUMMARY 前后语义关联：词汇复现法 词汇、意义同现法 【屡试屡验的方法】 在空前、空后句中寻找相同字或相关呼应词 前后语法关联: 代词线索 冠词线索 时态呼应 文章结构关联: 标题型选项特点 段落大意： 段首概括文段 段中承上启下 段尾总结承上启下 逻辑关系：并列递进 因果 转折 时间层次 看标点，判断该句子在文章的位子（？；！,） 排比 最后一招：翻译 灵活掌握答题顺序 (先易后难)

48 The reading strategies
Catch the main idea of the whole passage. Understand the logical connections. Locate the related key words. Check your answers in the context. 主旨大意把握好 读懂选项更重要 关键信息相匹配 核查排除不可少

49 PRACTICE Question: I have recently got a senior position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldn’t have felt that way. But how can I keep cool and effectively answer questions in this type of settings? D． There were many difficult questions.

50 PRACTICE Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers（同事）is a hard task in itself, and it becomes much more difficult when a question-and-answer period is required. Question-and-answer periods are a great way to clarify the message and strengthen key points. 2 G． Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.

51 PRACTICE ● 3 When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification. A． Show your true interest.

52 PRACTICE ●Buy time. When facing a hard question, most people can’t give an answer immediately. Buy time by repeating the question in your own words These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question. F． You may also ask for clarification on the question.

53 PRACTICE ● Suggest a private meeting.
A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers. 5 E． It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas.

54 Tips 首提领，尾总结 频现词，重连接 连冠代，助识别

55 HOMEWORK Thank you