解阅读 胜中考 雨花台中学 王群丽.

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1 解阅读 胜中考 雨花台中学 王群丽

2 南京市中考英语试卷结构、题型、分值、比重分布
题类 项目 题量 计分 所占比重 选 择 题 第一部分 人机会话 （听力、口语） 20 24 20% 第二部分 语言 知识 运用 单项填空 15 12.5% 完形填空 10 41.7% 第三部分 阅读理解 第五部分 阅读短文 任务型阅读 首字母填空 第四部分 填空（单词、词形变化、短文填空） 16 13.3% 非选 择题 第六部分 书面表达 1 总计 82+20 96+24 100% 得阅读者得天下

3 　英语课程标准中, 初中毕业生阅读理解五级目标描述:
1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义； 2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系； 3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局； 4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料； 5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息； 6 、能利用词典等工具书进行阅读; 7、课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上.

4 解阅读 胜中考 主要内容 解读南京2013年各区县一模部分阅读选择及2012年任务型阅读 分享雨花阅读教学经验

5 阅读选择: 胜负细节题 命题类型 猜测词义题 逻辑推理题 中心主旨题

6 2011,2012年中考阅读理解各题型所占比重

7 考查内容: 着重考查原文中有关细节的问题,常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
胜负细节题 常见题型: ）Which of the following is true? 2）Which of the following is not mentioned? 3）The author ( or the passage) states that___. 4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)___? 应试技巧: 扫读题干, 划出关键词, 题文对照,排除干扰.

8 胜负细节题 After lunch, the adults slept on the sofas in front of the Queen’s speech on television while we all played cards. Then we had tea, with a huge Christmas cake covered with snowmen. It didn’t seem possible, but we carried on eating. (江宁一模E篇 44题) 44. What happened after lunch? ( ) The adults watched a film about the Queen. The children made a snowman. The adults played cards The children had a lot to eat. D speech had a cake We (children) 扫读题干, 划出关键词

9 43. Which of the following statements is NOT a fact according to the passage? ( ) (鼓楼一模 E篇)
No shop in Eastern Europe accepts hard currency. B. Travelers may need to carry many documents in Eastern Europe. C. The electricity in Eastern Europe uses 220 volts A.C. D. Eastern European languages can be a problem to foreign travelers. C 原文: We have found it good to have supply of small-unit U.S. bills($1and $5) to use in hard–currency stores . 原文: To help overcome difficulties, you might buy phrasebooks before you go 原文: remember that the electricity in Eastern Europe uses 220 volts A.C.. 原文:One of Europe’s biggest challenges is communicating with the local people since their languages are so different . 题文对照, 排除干扰

10 猜测词义题 考查内容:一些超纲词,熟词生义及特定指代词在语境中的运用 .
常见题型: The word “_____” in the passage means___. The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to____. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “______” in the passage? 应试技巧: 1. 利用上下文语境。(同义解释、举例说明、语境暗示、指代、因果推断、前后对比等。 2. 利用构词法。 (派生、合成、转化 法) 3. 利用经验常识。

11 猜测词义题 In one automobile factory, for example, the doors on more that 1,000 cars were welded (焊接) shut. (雨花一模C篇) 34. The word “automobile” in Paragraph 4 means ______. A. car B. computer C. robot D communicating device A 通过同义解释猜词

12 猜测词义题 Having heard this, the officer became even angrier and stopped him at once. He called out, "If you say something was wrong with your bus, I'll punish you at once!" 　　“No, no, sir,” said the young man. “My bus was all right, but their horses were in the way!“ (玄武一模 B篇31题) 31. The underlined phrase in the way in the last paragraph means ______. A. stopping somebody from moving B. getting drunk C. standing on the road D. running very fast A 通过语境暗示猜测

13 猜测词义题 It’s a unique experience to get to know the life in the carrier. The carrier is just like a small city on the sea. It has all the functions for daily life. There are 4 words to sum up its characters: big, small, much and high. (建邺一模E篇) 44. What does the word “high” in Line 6 refer to（指代）？( ) A. The aircraft carrier is high since it is just like a small city. B. Most of the soldiers received good education. C. The expense（花费）to run a carrier is high. D. The high-level of their training. Also, you will be surprised by the high level of education of today’s sailors. The captain said that over 90 percent of the sailors are college graduates. Six hold Doctor’s Degrees and 45 have a Master’s. B 通过上下文指代猜词

14 逻辑推理题 考查内容: 着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理综合分析, 透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想、观点、立场及态度等。
常见题型: We can infer from the text that______ We can guess the writer of the letter may be a __ The writer writes this text to______. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? 应试技巧: ①重原文,忌臆断 ②要全面,忌片面 ③ 重逻辑推理,忌无中生有 某些过渡词，（如 however, but, what’s more等）后面所表达的内容往往能够反映作者的观点和态度。

15 逻辑推理题 D 40. This passage seems to show us that the general _____ (雨花一模C篇) liked making jokes on his soldiers liked testing his soldiers liked crying in the battle fields wished the world to be peaceful 原文: Great wars were fought and many people died. A famous general cried as he looked at one battle field. His soldiers were fighting well, but he felt very sad. If man had love for each other, they would not use their guns. 重原文, 忌臆断

16 逻辑推理题 It was like a race, but one could never finish his race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment in New York City. (溧水一模 C篇) 33. It can be inferred (推断) from the story that rich people like to ________. A. live outside New York City B. live in New York City C. live in apartments D. have many neighbours A 重逻辑推理,忌无中生有

17 中心主旨题 考查内容: 把握文章的主题, 主要思想和核心观点
考查内容: 把握文章的主题, 主要思想和核心观点 中心主旨题 常见题型: 常用到title，subject， main idea ， topic等词 What is the main idea of the passage？ Which of the following would be the best title？ This passage tells us _____. What does the passage mainly discuss？ 应试技巧: 模型法 (各段首尾找主题, 略读全文找主旨.) 排除干扰法(勿选放大或缩小的选项) 重复名词法

18 中心主旨题 Men’s hard work in the home is ignored by women. Study finds that men do more housework than they are thought to. (雨花一模 B篇) 31. What’s the main idea of the passage? ( ) Men don’t make “make a fuss” at home. Men’s hard work at home is ignored by women. Women tend to show off about the amount of house they take on. Modern men are becoming braver to say out the contribution. B

19 中心主旨题 The San Diego Zoo has been a lovely home for giant pandas since two of the black-and-white bears came to visit in This week there was snow in San Diego—well, at least for a lucky group of giant pandas. Over 15 tons of snow was blown into the San Diego Zoo's panda area on Tuesday morning to give the endangered bears a chance to play. They would experience the snow just like living in their natural habitat. The snow day was a first for Xiao Liwu He was the sixth baby panda born to Bai Yun. Jennifer Becerra, San Diego Zoo keeper said, "He was really enjoying the snow and running around. I've never seen him so happy." All the San Diego Zoo’s giant pandas are from China, (玄武一模) 39. Which of the following is the best title of this passage? ( ) A. Giant pandas in San Diego Zoo B. Giant pandas in danger C. Xiao Liwu’s happy time D. How to protect giant pandas A 排除干扰法 重复名词法

20 任务型阅读: 任务型阅读理解是阅读理解题的一部分，它要求对文章中的某些内容或整片文章做出概括，是一种读写结合题。 精读 复读 略读 扫读 四读 三审 1 2 3 审大题 审小题 审语法

21 Reading strategy 四读文章

22 Pay Attention 三审表格 1.审大题 2.审小题 3.审语法 ①表格型还是问答型 ②字数的限制 ① 认真找读 ② 发现规律
③ 各个击破 2.审小题 三审表格 ①时态语态、主谓一致、第三人称等 ②动词的形式 ③形容词副词的比较级最高级 ④名词的数和格 ⑤连词，介词 ⑥字母大小写 3.审语法

23 任务型阅读解题技巧 解 题 技 巧 (一): 直接获取答案型 信息查找，直取答案 解 题 技 巧 (二): 间接获取答案型
解 题 技 巧 (一): 直接获取答案型 信息查找，直取答案 解 题 技 巧 (二): 间接获取答案型 信息转换，提炼新词 解 题 技 巧 (三): 综合归纳型 信息概括，推理总结

24 解题技巧 间接获取答案型（纵观全文，对比图表） 常见的 转换方式 n. -- v. -- adj.-- adv间的转化 (1) 词性转换
前缀、后缀 常见的 转换方式 同义词 /反义词 解释,定义 (2) 词汇转换 固定词组 语法匹配 (to, -ing, -ed, 主被动) (3) 句型转换 连词介词的运用 固定句型 句义归纳推断 (4) 句群篇章 中心归纳

25 常见概括性词（n.） 原因 结果 reason cause 方法 result effect 观点 way step 优劣
建议 reason cause result effect way step opinion view idea advantages disadvantages suggestions advice

26 2012南京英语中考任务型阅读 area ◆ Deserts of North Africa and Saudi Arabia.
Appearance ◆ They are the of all foxes with the largest of ears. ◆ Their thick fur them to survive in the cold desert night. ◆ The hair on their feet protects them from the of the sand. Ability ◆ They have very good and eyesight with big ears and eyes. ◆ They are good at tracking down dinner with their sense of Character ◆ They in their dens most of the day. ◆ At they become active and come out in search of food. Food ◆ Their foods include birds, eggs, insects, snails. _________ Living 句义推断 直接获取答案 smallest helps 同义句 heat 词性转换 hearing 直接获取答案 smell 直接获取答案 sleep 同义句 night 直接获取答案 同义句 favourite Danger 综合归纳

27 分享阅读教学 读诗书, 气自华 积跬步, 致千里 雨花教学 三字经 游题海, 驾轻舟 三人行, 比翼飞 分层教, 创辉煌

28 Thank you!