English Reading and Translation II

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1 English Reading and Translation II
英语读译精品课程课题组

2 Syllabus Calendar 采用高教出版社《英语泛读教程》 及外研社《英语读译教程》 部分内容；
阅读与翻译相结合、结合课文体裁介绍翻译基本技巧，提高学生的阅读能力和翻译能力。 Calendar Class: 其中前16周上课、17-18周复习、19-20周考试

3 Unit 1 Shadowland of Dreams
I. Objectives 1) to learn how to use dictionaries in reading; 2) to learn the new words and expressions; 3) 掌握 翻译技能(一)：词类转换

4 II. Reading skill and training
1. Using the dictionary Dictionary is a collection of words in one or more specific languages, often listed alphabetically(以字母表的顺序排列), with usage information, definitions, etymologies（词源），phonetics, pronunciations, and other information.

5 2. Classification There many types of dictionaries and they serve different purposes: 1) monolingual and bilingual dictionaries 2) language and technical dictionaries 3) dictionaries for different purposes 4) paper and electronic dictionaries 5) traditional and online dictionaries

6 3. Uses of a language learners dictionary
Information you get from a dictionary about a word: ◈ the different meanings of the word ◈ spelling of the word ◈ syllables it contains ◈ pronunciation of the word ◈ grammar information ◈ synonyms and antonym of the word

7 4. Fast reading practice Read the first passage on page nine and look up the following words in your dictionary. You should tell the class 1) part of speech of the word; 2) meaning number (choose one among the meanings that matches the one used in the context of this passage) routine conception yield contribute visualize penalty vacation quote

8 III. Background information
1. The author an African-American writer. He is best known as the author of Roots: the Saga of an American Family (《根》) and the co-author of The Autobiography of Malcolm X. （《马尔科姆自传》） Alex Haley (1921 – 1992)：

9 2.Coast Guard (美国海岸警卫队) :
The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is a branch of the United State Armed Forces and one of the seven U.S. uniformed services. It is a maritime(海事的）, military, multi-mission service unique among the military branches for having a maritime law enforcement（海事执法）mission (with jurisdiction 司法权in both domestic and international waters) and a federal regulatory agency(管理机构) mission set as part of its mission.

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11 3. Emmy Award[美国英语] 埃米电视(金像)奖:
An Emmy Award, often referred to simply as an Emmy, is a television production award, similar in nature to the Peabody Awards（皮博迪奖） but more focused on entertainment, and is considered the television equivalent to the Academy Awards (for film)（学院奖，也叫奥斯卡金像奖）, the Tony Award (for theatre)（托尼奖）, and the Grammy Awards (for music)（格莱美奖）

12 4. Pulitzer Prize(普利策奖）:
A U.S. award for achievements in newspaper and online journalism, literature and musical composition. It was established by Hungarian-American Joseph Pulitzer and is administered by Columbia University in New York City.

13 Joseph Pulitzer＆ the gold medal
Each winner receives a certificate and a US$10,000 cash award. The Public Service category winner is awarded a gold medal

14 5.Reader’s Digest: A monthly general interest family magazine, based in Chappaqua New YorkIt was founded in 1922, by DeWitt Wallace and Lila Bell Wallace. For many years, Reader’s Digest was the best-selling consumer magazine in the USA. in the U.S.

15 Covers of Reader’s Digest

16 5. Spingarn medal 斯平加恩奖 the NAACP’s highest honor
abbr. 全国有色人种协进会（National Association for the Advancement of Colored People）由美国白人和黑人组成的旨在促进黑人民权的全国性组织。

17 IV. The passage 1. Structure Part one ( the 1st-2nd paragraphs)
Every successful writer has to undergo hardships before he/she was kissed by fortune. Part two ( the 3rd-12th paragraphs ) The hardships the author has undergone. Part three ( the 13th-16th paragraphs) He was kissed by luck. He achieved success as a writer. He was recognized as a writer. Part four (the last four paragraphs ) The lessons he has got.

18 2. Detailed study of the text
Many people cherish the fond dream of becoming a writer but not many are able to see their dream come true. cherish: to keep fondly in mind; entertain 怀有、抱有 a fond dream: a dream you cherish but is unlikely to be realized 美梦 (T) 很多人怀揣着成为一名作家的美梦，但是能够看到自己的美梦成真的人却不多。

19 to be kissed by fortune: to have good luck to requite: to reward 回报
For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never requited. to be kissed by fortune: to have good luck to requite: to reward 回报 （P） Good fortune may befall on one writer, while there are still a lot more writers whose effort is never rewarded. （T）有一位受幸运之神眷顾而成名的作家，就有成千上万命运不济的作家，他们的渴望永远得不到回报。

20 I wasn’t going to be one of those who die wondering , what if ?
“What if ?” means “what would happen if ?” e.g. What if the train is late? What if the company goes bankrupt? (P) I wouldn’t keep asking myself the question till I die---what might happen if I hadn’t quitted my job to become a full-time writer?

21 From deep inside a bull-headed resolution welled up.
bull-headed: blindly obstinate; stubborn 任性的；固执的 resolution: firm determination 决心 well up: come up 涌出；流露 （T）一个坚强的信念从我的心底升起。

22 Rumor had it that if… People said that …/ There is a rumor that… 据说… e.g. Rumor has it that Peter is having an affair with his secretary. 有传言说彼得和他的秘书有婚外情。

23 People like Delaney and Belafonte became role models for me.
role model: a person who serves as a model in a particular behavioral or social role for another person to emulate楷模；榜样 e.g. A role model is someone you admire and try to imitate.

24 The shadows had turn into dazzling limelight.
dazzling: so bright as to blind someone temporarily 耀眼的 limelight: a type of lamp, formerly used in stage lighting, in which light is produced by heating lime to white heat灰光，石灰光灯 a focus of public attention 众人注目的中心 It means the author had achieved success as a writer and left all those hardships and struggle behind.

25 But only one reminds me of the courage and persistence it takes to stay the course in the Shadowland. to remind…of …: to cause…to remember persistence: the state or quality of being persistent 坚持；毅力 stay the course: to hold out or persevere to the end of a race or challenge 坚持到底 (T) 然而仅有一件能提醒我在阴影之地坚持下去所需要的勇气和坚忍不拔的精神。

26 V. Summary The story tells readers that to achieve success, one should work hard and stick to the goals even though he/she is faced with various difficulties and hardships. Don’t give up easily.

27 VI. 翻译技巧（一） 一词多义和一词多类是英汉两种语言共有的现象，因此在翻译的过程中必须注意选择和确定句中关键词的词类和词性，以确保译文质量。

28 词类转换 在英译汉过程中，原文中的某些词在翻译成汉语的过程中需要转换词类，才能使汉语翻译通顺达意。 （一）名词转译为形容词
Even those who succeeded often know long periods of neglect and poverty. 即使那些成功人士也经常有受到长久冷落的遭遇，穷困不堪。

29 2. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you can give him the necessary help.
她对这座城市完全陌生，我希望你能给他必要的帮助。 3. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 独立思考在学习中是绝对必要的。

30 （二）形容词转译为名词 1. Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor. 罗宾汉和他的快乐的伙伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。 2. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant---but soft. 斯蒂文森有口才，有风度，但很软弱。

31 （三）形容词译为副词 This is sheer nonsense. 这完全是胡说。 2. Buckley was in a clear minority. 很显然，巴克利属于少数。 3. It was an clear and unemotional exposition of the president’s reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue. 这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。

32 （四）名词转译为副词 The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor. 新市长礼貌地来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一支好感。 2. We must serve the people heart and soul． 我们必须全心全意地为人民服务。

33 （五）英语副词译成汉语名词 He is physically weak but mentally sound． 他身体虽弱，但思想健康。 2. They have not done so well ideologically，however，as organizationally．但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。

34 （六）名词译为动词 Rocket had found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已尽用来探索宇宙。 2. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到它们的轰鸣，我的内心充满了特殊的憧憬。 3. The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration. 下一个新闻节目比通常的短， 没有提到游行。

35 （七）形容词译为动词 The doctors have said that they are not sure to save his life. 大夫们说它们不敢肯定他们是否能救了他的命。 2. The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious. 她能够给我带个信这件事就是一个暗示。 但我必须小心谨慎。