非谓语动词I (Nonfinite Verbs)

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1 非谓语动词I (Nonfinite Verbs)
主讲: 雷小娟

2 非谓语动词? 1)不定式， 2)动名词， 3)分词(现在分词和过去分词)。 在句子中充当除谓语以外的 句子成分的动词形式叫做非 谓语动词。
在句子中充当除谓语以外的 句子成分的动词形式叫做非 谓语动词。 非谓语动词分为三种形式: 1)不定式， 2)动名词， 3)分词(现在分词和过去分词)。

3 不定式 不定式---形式 (The Infinitive) 时态\语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式
to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing

4 ①It’s a good habit to get up early .
动词不定式在句中可作 主语(Subject),宾语(Object), 定语(Attribute),表语 (Predicative)状语(Adverbial)等。 ①It’s a good habit to get up early . ②We plan to go to the seaside for our holiday . ③ She is looking for a room to live in . ④My job is to help the patient . ⑤To sleep late in the afternoon , Bob turned off the alarm .

5 一种形式. 动名词/现在分词 3)过去分词只有done 时态/语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式
having done having been done 3)过去分词只有done 一种形式.

6 动名词:在句中起名词作用，可作主语,表语,宾语和定语
1)_______________________ (收集信息）is very important to businessmen. 2)My favourite sport is _________________ (踢足球） 3)He finished _____________ (看完这本书)yesterday. 4)He has a ________ room. (书房） Collecting information playing football reading the book reading

7 分词:现在分词(v.ing) 过去分词(done) 在句中作何成分? 定语;表语;状语;宾语补足语
watch a flash 定语;表语;状语;宾语补足语 1)Do you know the girl baking bread. 2)The sleeping beauty was so charming. 3) Moved by his words, I accepted his present. 4) When I heard my name called , I stood up .

8 2)not+doing(动名词/现在分词)
非谓语动词的否定式? 1)not+to do(不定式)　 2)not+doing(动名词/现在分词) eg. Our teachers often tell us_____to lie. not eg. _____having been informed, he didn’t know the notice. Not

9 非谓语作状语的 重点与难点 状语

10 目的,原因,结果状语。 动词不定式在句中可作 1.To pass the exam , Bob studied hard.
(In order to… (表目的) 2.Nice to meet you again. (表原因) 3.He worked hard only to fail .(表结果)

11 动名词:在句中作主语,表语,宾语和定语 而不能作状语

12 分词:现在分词(v.ing) 过去分词(done) 想一想: 在句中可作哪些状语?

13 (=After they had done……)
Underline the nonfinite verbs (找非谓语动词): 1.a)Having done their homework, the students left the classroom. 1.b)Asked why he did it, he said it was his duty. (=After they had done……) (=When he was asked….) (时间状语)

14 3.a)Being ill, he didn’t go
to school. 3.b)Born in the village, he knows a lot of people there. (=As he was ill, ……) (=As/Because he was born ……) (原因状语)

15 2.a)Working hard, you will
do well in your exams. 2.b)Given more time, I can do better. (=If you work hard, …) (=If I am given……) (条件状语)

16 4.a)Though weighing almost
fifty kilograms, the box was lifted by him with one hand. 4.b)Although tired, they continued to work. (= Though it weighs…) (=Although they were tired, ……) (让步状语)

17 5.His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan
(=…, so that he became an orphan, …….) (结果状语)

18 6.a)They went into the room,
Laughing and talking. 6.b)The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students (=…, laughed and talked.) (=…and was surrounded…) (方式或伴随)

19 总结 总结: 分词(现在,过去分词)在句中作状语,可表时间、 原因、条件、让步、 伴随或方式等含义, 现在分词还可作结果状语、
分词(现在,过去分词)在句中作状语,可表时间、 原因、条件、让步、 伴随或方式等含义, 现在分词还可作结果状语、 相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思.

20 非谓语作状语的 高考热门例析 例析

21 找出下列句子中的错误,并总结出规律: Seen Seeing from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.   Seeing Seen from the top of the mountain, we can view the beauty of the whole city.  

22 规律(一): 分词:现在分词/过去分词 现在分词表示主动和进行； 过去分词表示被动和完成。
▲分词作状语时,无论主动还是被动形式,分词动作的逻辑主语和主句的主语应该保持一致

23 发散思维 ^ We seeing Seeing from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. 当非谓语的逻辑主语与 句子的逻辑主语不一致时,还可用独立主格结构来表达? 当非谓语的逻辑主语与 句子的逻辑主语不一致时,还可用哪种结构来表达?

24 C C 1.The manager,___it clear to us that he didn’t agree with
us, left the meeting room. A.who has made B. made C.having made D. making 2.___many times, he did it well. A.Being told B.Having told C.Having been told D.To be told C

25 当v-ing形式作状语时，要考虑时态与语态若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用having done,
规律(二): 当v-ing形式作状语时，要考虑时态与语态若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用having done, 如果表被动则用 having been done

26 D A 3. He rushed to the train station, only ____ the train
had gone A. finding B. found C. finds D. to find 4.European football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET1998) A. making B. makes C. made D. to make D A

27 规律(三): 不定式与现在分词都可作 结果状语 区别: 不定式表“出乎意料,意料之外” 现在分词表“顺其自然,意料之中,方式或伴随,还可表原因(前因后果)”等,

28 非谓语作状语的 习惯用法 与 特殊用法

29 B 1.___from his look,she must have just been separated from her Mr. Right. A. Judged B. Judging C. To judge D. Being judged 解析 此题考察v.ing 作插入语的习惯用法,故选B

30 B 2.____you the truth, I don’t agree with what you said just now.
A. Tell B. To tell C. Telling D. Told 解析 此题考察不定式作插入语的习惯用法, 故选 B

31 Judging from…由…判断 副词(adv.)+speaking …的来说 generally speaking 一般说来,总的来说,
必背: Judging from…由…判断 副词(adv.)+speaking …的来说 generally speaking 一般说来,总的来说, personally speaking 就个人来说, 就自己而言 strictly speaking 严格说来 believe it or not 信不信由你

32 必背: to be honest 老实说 to tell you the truth说老实话 to be frank 坦率地说 to say nothing of 姑且不说 to be sure 诚然，固然 to be exact 精确地说 so to speak 可以这么说 to be brief  简言之 to conclude  总而言之 to do him justice 说句对他公道的话 to make a long story short 长话短说 to begin with 首先

33 小结 小结: 非谓语动词作状语的 高考热门考点 1.分词与主语的关系 (分词动作的逻辑主语和主句 的主语应该保持一致: 2.要考虑时态与语态
(分词动作的逻辑主语和主句 的主语应该保持一致: 表示主动和进行用现在分词; 表示被动和完成用过去分词) 2.要考虑时态与语态 3.要记一些习惯用法

34 非谓语作状语的 巩固练习

35 Choose the best answers:
1.His parents died, ___ him an orphan A. Left B. leaving C. leave D. to leave 2.He rushed to the post office only___ it was closed A. finding B.find C. found D. to find D

36 D 3.When ___ help, one often says, “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”(福建卷33题） A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered 4.He called the police for help, ___ that the problem was more than he could deal with. A. realize B. to realize C. realized D. realizing D

37 6.While watching television, ____. （全国卷Ⅲ18题） the doorbell rang
5.____a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received 6.While watching television, ____. （全国卷Ⅲ18题） the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings C C

38 A B 7.______it or not, you will succeed one day in the future.
A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed 8.____honest, we are not sure to find the girl in the forest. A. Be B. To be C. Being D. been B

39 此题考察“seat”只用过去分词“seated”作状语等的习惯用法,故选 C
9. ____ in the classroom, he felt somewhat homesick A. Seating B. To seat C. Seated D. Seats 解析 此题考察“seat”只用过去分词“seated”作状语等的习惯用法,故选 C