专题一　名词.

Presentation on theme: "专题一　名词."— Presentation transcript:

1 专题一　名词

2 ┃考点直击 ┃ 考点1 可数名词 可数名词的复数形式 专题一┃ 名词

3 bus→buses watch→watches baby→babies city→cities
1．常用变化规则： 情况 构成方法 读音 例词 一般情况 加­s 清辅音后读/s/ map→maps 浊辅音或元音后读 /z/ bag→bags　car→cars 在t后读/ts/ student→students 在d后读/dz/ bed→beds 以s, x, sh, ch等结尾 加­es 读 /iz/ bus→buses　watch→watches 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变y为i，再加­es 读 /z/ baby→babies　city→cities 专题一┃ 名词

4 2.部分名词复数的规则变化 (1)以y结尾的专有名词，或以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词变复数时，直接加­s。如： two Marys　the Henrys　monkey→monkeys　holiday→holidays (2)以o 结尾的名词变复数时： ① 加­s。如： photo→photos　piano→pianos ②加­es。如： hero→heroes　potato→potatoes　tomato→tomatoes [记忆口诀] 英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿 ③上述①和②两种方法均可，如： zero→zeros/zeroes 专题一┃ 名词

5 (3)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： ①加­s，如： belief→beliefs　roof→roofs　safe→safes　gulf→gulfs ②去f，fe 加­ves，如： knife→knives　leaf→leaves　wolf→wolves wife→wives　life→lives　thief→thieves (4)表示某国人的名词变复数　[记忆口诀] 中日不变，英法变，其他后面加­s。 中国人： Chinese→Chinese　日本人： Japanese→Japanese　英国人： Englishman→Englishmen 法国人： Frenchman→Frenchmen　德国人： German→Germans　 专题一┃ 名词

6 3．名词复数的不规则变化 (1)child→children　foot→feet　tooth→teeth　mouse→mice　man→men　woman→women 注意：一个词加­man或­woman可以构成合成词，其复数形式也是­men 和­women。如：Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故其复数形式为Germans。 专题一┃ 名词

7 (2)单复数同形的名词。如： deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese。除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如： a dollar, two dollars; a pound, two pounds。 (3)只有复数形式的名词。如： trousers(裤子)，glasses(眼镜)，clothes(衣服)。 专题一┃ 名词

8 (4)集体名词以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如： people, police。但family, class等集体名词作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式； 若强调整体中的各个成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。 (5)以s结尾但仍为单数的名词。如： maths, politics, physics等学科名词，news(不可数名词)，the United States等。以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名等也视为单数。 专题一┃ 名词

9 【例题解析】 —How many ________are there in your school? —Twenty. woman teachers　　　 B. woman teacher　　　 C. women teacher　　　 D. women teachers [解析] D　man和woman作定语修饰另一个复数名词时，man和woman都应用复数形式。 专题一┃ 名词

10 【典型例题训练】 写出下列名词的复数形式 house ____________　　　　2. village ____________　　　　　3. map ____________ orange ____________ 5. bag ____________ exercise ____________ 7. brush ____________ city ____________ 9. bus ____________ sheep ____________ 11. German ____________ woman ____________ 13. leaf ____________ tomato ____________ 15. tooth ____________ foot ____________ 17. kilo ____________ Japanese ____________ houses villages maps oranges bags exercises brushes cities buses sheep Germans women leaves tomatoes feet teeth kilos Japanese 专题一┃ 名词

11 考点2 不可数名词 1．常见的不可数名词主要分为以下几类： (1)液体类： water, milk, juice, orange, coffee, tea, Coke, rain, wine等； (2)肉类： meat, fish, chicken, beef, pork, mutton等； (3)语言类： Chinese, Japanese, English, French, German等； (4)材料类： paper, glass, grass, bamboo, silk, cotton, wood, plastic, hair等； (5)其他类： snow, ice, wind, weather, music, money, homework, housework, information, rubbish等。 专题一┃ 名词

12 2．不可数名词没有复数形式，其作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
The food is very fresh. 食物很新鲜。 专题一┃ 名词

13 3．既可数又不可数的名词 有些名词既能用作可数名词，又能用作不可数名词，但意义不同。如： chicken—鸡(可数)；鸡肉(不可数)　　　room—房间(可数)；空间(不可数) glass—玻璃杯(可数)；玻璃(不可数) time—倍数、次数(可数)；时间(不可数) work—作品(可数)；工作(不可数) experience—经历(可数)；经验(不可数) 专题一┃ 名词

14 4. 不可数名词表示“量”的概念时，不能用冠词和数词修饰，而应用much, some, a lot of, lots of, a little, little，plenty of等修饰或使用量词短语修饰。(可数名词可以用many, few, a few, some, plenty of, a lot of, lots of等修饰) 如： a piece of paper 一张纸　much snow 许多雪 [温馨提示] a lot of, lots of, some, plenty of这些词或短语既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词。

15 【例题解析】 1. —Mum, I've heard that we can't eat ________ these days. Is it true? —Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat. A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chicken [解析] A　考查名词的用法。chicken作“鸡肉”讲时，为不可数名词，故不能用冠词修饰，所以选A。 专题一┃ 名词

16 2. He has done many ________．
A. work B. job C. works D. jobs [解析] D　job是可数名词；work作“工作”讲时，是不可数名词。many后应接可数名词复数。故选D。 专题一┃ 名词

17 3. I take violin ________ from Mr Wang at school every day.
A. lesson B. lessons C. class D. course [解析] B　在英语中有些名词常以复数形式出现。lessons表示“课程”。 专题一┃ 名词

18 4. There ________ on the wall. They are very nice.
are some photos B. are some photoes C. is a photo D. is photo [解析] A　由后句可知前句应用复数形式，photo的复数形式是photos。 专题一┃ 名词

19 5. The police ________ searching for a tall man with long hair.
A. is B. has been C. had been D. are [解析] D　police是集体名词，作主语时，谓语要用复数形式。 专题一┃ 名词

20 【典型例题训练】 (　　)1. My mother bought some________ for my birthday party yesterday. A. apple B. banana C. orange D. meat (　　)2. —Oh，there isn't enough________ for us in the lift. —No hurry. Let's wait for the next. A. ground B. floor C. place D. room (　　)3. —I've got a little________ in my house. —Why not keep two or more? A. juice B. mice C. bread D. fish D D D 专题一┃ 名词

21 (　　)4. The sweetest________ in the world is birds' singing, I think.
A. cry B. noise C. voice D. sound (　　)5. They have much ________. Let's go and borrow some. A. rules B. paper C. erasers D. sharpeners (　　)6. —What's your favourite________？ —Oranges. A. color B. fruit C. juice D. vegetable D B B 专题一┃ 名词

22 (　　)7. —Would you like some________？
—No, thank you. I'm not hungry at all. A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee (　　)8. —I plan to go out for a bicycle trip to Shanghai. But I'm afraid I don't know the ________． —A map is helpful, I think. A. time B．way C．weather D．price C B 专题一┃ 名词

23 (　　)9. Please pass us ________．
A. two glass of milk B. two glass of milks C. two glasses of milks D. two glasses of milk (　　)10. These Germans want to have some ________ for supper，so they decide to catch ________ now. A. fish; many B. fishes; much C. fish; much D. fishes; many D A 专题一┃ 名词

24 考点3 名词所有格的构成 1. 名词所有格用于表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种形式： 's 所有格和of 所有格。 专题一┃ 名词

25 2. 名词所有格的规则如下： (1)一般情况下在名词后加“'s”，不以s结尾的复数名词也要加“'s”。如： the boy's bag 那个男孩的书包　Children's Day 儿童节 (2)以“s”结尾的复数名词只加“'”。如： Teachers' Day 教师节 (3)“of＋表示无生命物体的名词”构成所有格。如： the name of the song 这首歌的名字 (4)在表示店铺、诊所或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词。如： the doctor's 医生的诊所 专题一┃ 名词

26 (5)如果两个名词并列，若名词后分别有's，则表示“分别所有”；若只在后一个名词后有's，则表示“共有”。如：
John's and Mary's rooms(约翰和玛丽各自的房间)　John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有的房间) (6)双重所有格的两种形式：of＋名词所有格； of＋名词性物主代词。如： She is a friend of my sister's. 她是我姐姐的一个朋友。 Is he a son of yours? 他是你的儿子吗？ 专题一┃ 名词

27 (7)somebody, everybody等不定代词与else连用时，“'s”加在else后面。如：
somebody else's book 别人的书 (8)表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的事物的名词也可加“'s”或“'”来构成所有格。如： two days' holiday 两天的假期　one week's time 一周的时间 专题一┃ 名词

28 【例题解析】 1. ________father is a doctor. A. The twin's B. The twins' C. The twin D. Twin's [解析] B　the twins为以s结尾的复数名词，其所有格形式只需在词尾加“'”。 专题一┃ 名词

29 2. —Whose room is this？—It's ________．
Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily's C. Lucy's and Lily's [解析] B　本题考查名词所有格。由room是可数名词单数可知，这个房间是露西和莉莉所共同拥有的，故选B。 专题一┃ 名词

30 【典型例题训练】 (　　)1. —This is a photo of ________ when they were young. —Oh, how happy they both looked! my father and mother B. my mother and father's C. my mother's and father's D. my father's and my mother (　　)2. Today is September 10th. It's ________ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's A B 专题一┃ 名词

31 (　　)3. The market isn't far from here. It's only ________ bicycle ride.
half an hours' B. half an hour's C. half an hour D. an hour and a half (　　)4. —What would you like to drink, girls? —________， please. A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cup of coffees C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees (　　)5. After the exam, we'll have a ________ holiday. two weeks B. two­weeks C. two weeks' D. two week's B C C 专题一┃ 名词

32 (　　)6. They are those ________ bags. Please put them on the bus.
A. visitor B. visitors C. visitor's D. visitors' (　　)7. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here. A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes's D. minutes (　　)8. I stayed at ________ last Sunday. my uncles B. my uncle C. my uncle's D. my uncle's family　　 D B C 专题一┃ 名词

33 ┃巩固练习┃ 一、 单项选择 (　　)1. We went to Dr. Brown's yesterday. He gave us________． A. some advice B. advices C. an advice D. some advices (　　)2. What ________ they've got! No wonder they are very happy. A. a good news B. quite a few news C. good news D. little news A C 专题一┃ 名词

34 (　　)3. Much ________ to fight against pollution.
have been done B. has been done C. had been done D. has done (　　)4. What ________！ Let's go swimming. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day D. bad weather (　　)5. You have made ________. You should be more careful. A. a lot of mistake B. a great deal of mistakes C. a large number of mistakes D. few mistakes B C C 专题一┃ 名词

35 (　　)6. Before we moved into the new house, we bought many ________．
furnitures B. furniture C. pieces of furniture D. pieces of furnitures (　　)7. The bookshelf over there is________． A. Mary's and Jane's B. Mary's and Jane C. Mary and Jane's D. Mary and Jane (　　)8. We saw the guest off at ________ yesterday. the Shanghai's Railway Station B. the Shanghai Railway Station C. Shanghai Railway Station D. the Railway Station of Beijing Railway C C C 专题一┃ 名词

36 B C (　　)9. They had a good time at the ________ Palace. A. children B. Children's C. Children D. Childrens' (　　)10. Lisa was ________ in my childhood. A. mine close friend B. mine a close friend C. a close friend of mine D. a close friend of me B 专题一┃ 名词

37 (　　)12. There are five ________ in our class.
A. Zhang's B . Zhangs' C. Zhangs D. the Zhangs (　　)13. —How far is your school? —________． Twenty­five minutes walk B. The walk of twenty­five minutes C. Twenty­five minutes walks D. Twenty­five minutes' walk (　　)14. —What's the distance from here to the station? —It's ________from here. A. two kilometre distance B. two kilometres' distance C. distance of two kilometers D. distance of two kilometres' C D B 专题一┃ 名词

38 (　　)15. We're going to have a ________ next month.
two day' holiday B. two day holiday C. two days holiday D. two days' holiday (　　)16. —Who's your cousin? —________． Uncle or aunt's son B. Uncle or aunt's daughter C. Uncle's or aunt's child D. Uncle or aunt's brother or sister (　　)17. She always wears beautiful ________． A. clothes B. cloth C. dress D. clothings D C A 专题一┃ 名词

39 (　　)18. Will you have a little ________？
more fishes B. more fish C. much fishes D. fishes (　　)19. There ________ in my class. Which of them do you want to see? is John B. are three Johns C. are the John's D. is the John (　　)20. Twenty dollars ________ what he needs. A. was B. were C. is D. has been B B C 专题一┃ 名词

40 (　　)21. The United Nations ________ a resolution.
A. has past B. has passed C. have passed D. has through (　　)22. The Arabian Nights ________ a very interesting storybook. A. is B. are C. has been D. had been (　　)23. The New York Times ________ a wide circulation. (循环）A. is B. has C. are D. have B A B 专题一┃ 名词

41 (　　)24. Mathematics________ a very important subject.
A. are B. is C. were D. was (　　)25. His mathematics ________ weak. A. is B. seems C. was D. are (　　)26. An iron(铁） works ________ now. has built B. are being built C. is being built D. had been built B A C 专题一┃ 名词

42 ( )27. Every means ________ tried to improve teaching and learning. A
(　　)27. Every means ________ tried to improve teaching and learning. A. has B. has been C. have D. were (　　)28. The police ________ searching for a robber with short hair. A. is B. has been C. are D. had been (　　)29. There're three ________ in our class. A. German B. Germans C. Germany D. Germen B C B 专题一┃ 名词

43 ( )30. Please give me ________． A. two pieces of paper B
(　　)30. Please give me ________． A. two pieces of paper B. two piece of paper C. two piece of papers D. two pieces of papers A 专题一┃ 名词

44 knives children wishes teeth inventions 专题一┃ 名词
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．I have two________(knife) in my bag. I can lend one to you. 2. Those ________(child) are playing football outside. 3. Here is a birthday card for you with our best________(wish)． 4. The little baby has two________(tooth) already. 5. —How many___________ (invent) did Edison have？ —About 1，093. wishes teeth inventions 专题一┃ 名词

45 glasses milk money 6. I want two ________(glass) of ________(milk)． 7. I have a lot of __________(money) in my pocket. 8. There are two __________(church) in the town. 9. British people eat __________(potato) a lot. 10. Two________(visit) will come to our school next week. churches potatoes visitors 专题一┃ 名词