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Richard P. Feynman The Value of Science by

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1 Richard P. Feynman The Value of Science by
A public address given at the 1955 autumn meeting of the National Academy of Sciences

2 Richard Phillips Feynman (1918~1988)

3 Quantum Electrodynamics (1948~1950)
Nobel Prize (1965) The Feynman Lectures on Physics (1961~1964) Presidential Rogers Commission (1986) (Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster) Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman! (1985) What Do Care What Other People Think? (1988) The Pleasure of Finding Things Out (1999)

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5 前言 第一項價值 第二項價值 第三項價值

6 前言 或問 略答 自嘲

7 或謂:科學家亦須關懷社會

8 科學家無錦囊妙計解決困難 社會問題遠比科學問題困難 縱然憚思竭慮往往徒勞無功

9 隔行之見常懵懂愚昧 此問題原非科學議題 本文適為前言之例證

10 第一項價值:堪能 能製造事物 可為善為惡 無操作指南

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13 若有此鑰未必能開天堂之門 若無此鑰必不能開天堂之門

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15 第二項價值:智樂

16 客問:應以社會責任為念 主答:不可忽略求知之樂

17 科學對天地觀念之貢獻 往昔詩人想像遠遠不及

18 地球旋轉於太空之中數十億年,世人受其奧妙引力,半數正立、半數倒立;
巨龜馱象、象負天地之想像遠遠不及。

19 案,巨龜馱象、象負天地之先民宇宙觀,亦為 Stephen Hawking 所著 A Brief History of Time 第一章之開場白:

20 A well-known scientist (some say it was Bertrand Russell) once gave a public lecture on astronomy. He described how the earth orbits around the sun and how the sun, in turn, orbits around the center of a vast collection of stars called our galaxy. At the end of the lecture, a little old lady at the back of the room got up and said: “What you have told us is rubbish. The world is really a flat plate supported on the back of a giant tortoise.” The scientist gave a superior smile before replying, “What is the tortoise standing on.” “You’re very clever, young man, very clever,” said the old lady. “But it’s turtles all the way down!” CHAPTER OUR PICTURE OF THE UNIVERSE

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32 第三個價值: 體認無知 包容存疑 不定一尊

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34 體認無知,包容存疑,不定一尊。

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37 Voltaires 伏爾泰何許人也 ?

38 from The Story of Philosophy, p. 189, Will Durant
(伏爾泰)身處雄偉之世,為其英靈精髓。雨果嘗謂:「稱伏爾泰之名,即賅十八世紀之特最。」義大利有文藝復興,日耳曼有宗教革新,法蘭西有伏爾泰焉;渠實綜括文藝復興及宗教革新奉其家邦,即於(法國大)革命亦半為其功。

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45 承認有所不知,則開啟通達之渠道。

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47 即使在往昔,心繫社會之士亦深知:兼容雅納各種可能乃有契機。欲進達未知之域,存疑、商議實屬不可或缺。欲解前所未解之難題,必須敞開通往未知之門。

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50 陳寅恪: 獨立之精神、自由之思想

51 複習問題 (以下問題皆依 Feynman 回答)
科學有哪些價值? 近代科學發展對天地觀 (world view) 的貢獻有何前人不及之處? 為何無知、存疑、不獨尊是科學的重要價值? 科學包容無知、存疑實與 democracy 互相啟發。試闡述之。

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