动词的时态.

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1 动词的时态

2 一般过去时 一般过去时用来表示过去的动作及状态.表示过去的习惯常用used to do, would do表示.
2. 一般过去时常连用表过去的时间状语，状语从句甚至其它类型从句和表过去的地点状语，地点状语从句来限定一发生过的动作. 3. 一般过去时和现在完成时均表示发生在过去的动作,但前者侧重过去的事实,后者侧重过去的动作对现在的影响. -- My computer wrong although I used it only once. -- you’d better go to check it. has gone went

3 *--Long time no see. Haven’t you graduated from college?
--Yes I English for 4 years in Nantong. *--What __ it, Ted? --Just a pain in my shoulder. It’s gone now. A. was B. is have studied studied A

4 试比较: I can’t enter the room now because I ____________ (lose) my key. I can’t find my text book now, but I _______ (put) it here. have lost put

5 过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作.
与always continually, constantly等词连用表示过去的经常动作,往往带有感情色彩. 用于表述故事的发生背景 It was getting dark and the wind was rising.

6 A C 过去进行时在近年高考中的考查: – Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
-- Where was i? -- You _______you didn’t like your father’s job. (04 北京) A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 2. – You were out when I dropped in at your house. (04 广东) -- Oh, I _____ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited C A

7 C D 3. – Has Sam finished his homework today?
-- I have no idea. He _____ it this morning. (04吉林) A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 4. – What’s wrong with your coat? (05 重庆) -- Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ____ on it. A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting C D

8 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 1. 一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的 状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去 的时间状语从句。如 I was sixteen years old last year. He worked in a factory in I met her in the street the day before yesterday. He often swam in the river when he was young.

9 2. 过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在 进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth等时 间状语从句。 What were you doing at seven p.m yesterday? I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. I was cooking when she knocked at the door.

10 3. 一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去 进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。 I saw you while you were speaking to Joan. 注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时， 也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如： She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了） She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信.（信不一定写 完）

11 4. 过去进行时的时间状语从句 (1). when 和while引导的状语从句 while表示一段时间，因此它所引导的状语从 句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如： When/While we were having supper, the light went out. (2). when用作并列连词时，表示主句动作发生的 过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。 I was walking in the street when someone called me 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。

12 5. 下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时： (1)
5. 下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时： (1). 表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。 Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。 (2). 与always, constantly 等连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。 John was always coming to school late He was always doing good deeds for the neighbors. (3). 用来描写故事发生的情景时。如： It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.

13 (4). go, come, leave, start, arrive等位移动词 可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如： I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武汉。 She was coming later. 她随后就来。

14 6. 过去进行时表示婉转语气（只限于want, hope, wonder 等动词），用以提出请求,如： I was wondering if you could help me. I was hoping you could send me home.

15 过去完成时 1. 表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作完成之前的情况.往往具备以下两个特征之一:
(1) 句中常用by, before, until引导过去某一时间状语. They had learned 5000 words by the end of last year. (2) 出现在主从句中, 两个发生在过去的动作有明显的先后关系.

16 Hardly had he run into the room when the rain began to come down.
2. 表示过去未曾实现的希望, 打算, 意图, 用于如下动词: want, hope, think, expect, intend, mean, suppose, plan. I had meant to buy a present for you in Paris, but my work ran out of my time.

17 过去完成时与一般过去时 (1). 历史事实通常用一般过去时表示，如： They learned that Lincoln led the American War. He told the students that Hitler killed millions of Jews. (2). 过去完成时可以代替一般过去时，表示惊奇. I saw her coming, but in a minute, she had disappeared. They wanted to keep it a secret, but a few days later, everyone had known it.

18 3. 当主从复合句中有after, before 引导的时间状语从句时,用过去完成时的地方可用一般过去时.
He (had) finished all the homework before his patents got home. After I (had) had a short break, I went on to work out the problem.

19 过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时与过去完成时的区别在于前者强调过去某个时刻之前动作的持续进行而后者强调过去某个时刻之前动作的完成结果.
I was tired out; I had been reading for hours in a row. I had been waiting for nearly an hour before he came.

20 过去将来时 相对于过去某时即将发生的动作, 常用于 宾语从句中.
*No one knew when he was going to come. *I didn’t know when they were leaving for Shanghai.

21 一般将来时 1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态. I will be back in a few days.
2. 表示一种倾向或习惯性动作. We’ll die without air and water. Water will boil if heated.

22 一般将来时的常见表达形式

23 will/ be going to 的区别 1. will 表示说话人认为或相信将会发生但现在看不见的动作而be going to 表示现在即可看出的现象 *It’s going to rain. *I think the boat will sink when at sea. 2. will 表示说话时决定的动作而be going to do表示原来的计划 *Hold on please. I’ll write it down just in case. *The meeting is going to start at 7.

24 be to… B 表示禁止, 命令等. No one ______ leave here without my permission.
A. will B. is to 2. 表示计划, 安排. There’s to be a sports meeting next weekend. 3. 表示要求, 责任. The work is to/should be finished by 7 today. 4. Be to 可用于if 从句. If you are to come tomorrow, I will be very happy. B

25 be about to… 表示最近的将来, 意味立刻, 马上. 不可和时间状语连用.
*Tissue please? I’m about to sneeze. *Move! The car is about to blow up.

26 be doing 英语中某些词如come, go, arrive, leave, stay, do, take, have 等可以用其进行时态表示将来. -- Hurry, Tom! you’re late. -- I’m coming, mum.

27 将来进行时 1. 表示将来某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作.
I’ll be waiting for you here this time every year. The boss will be enjoying his holiday tomorrow. So call him now.

28 2. 表示即将或按计划在未来要发生的事 情, 主语为第一人称时往往含有期盼 情感. I’ll be seeing my grandma next month. They will be separating in the summer.

29 将来完成时 表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作, 并往往对将来某一时间产生影响. 通常与by引导的时间状语连用.
By tomorrow morning the weather will have cleared up. By the end of this month the project will have been finished.

30 近年高考中时态考查示例 [例1]： 考查过去完成时
[例题]：[2001上海春]：The new suspension bridge _____ by the end of last month. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed [解析]：by (the end of ) last month是过去完成时的典型的时间状语. 悬挂大桥是被设计, 用过去完成时的被动形式. 答案: B

31 [演变]: John and I ______ friends for eight years
[演变]: John and I ______ friends for eight years. We first went to know each other at a Christmas party But we ______ each other a couple of times before that. A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen [点拨]：约翰和我(到现在)已经做朋友8年, 用现在完成时; 后面是在过去某时间前已经见过几次, 用过去完成时. 答案: D [小结]：过去完成时描述一动作先于另一动作完成，可由时间状语来反映，如：by, by the end of, before, after等；但更多的是由句子含义来决定。

32 [例2]： 考查一般将来时 [例题]：[2004高考全国卷]：Let’s keep to the point or we______ any decisions. A．will never reach B．have never reached C．never reach D．never reached [解析]： 本题考查一般将来时的基本用法， 理清句子结构和含义：让我们紧扣主题,否则的话,我们将达不成任何决定. 答案: A [演变]: [06江苏卷34] ：A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were [点拨]：a poet and artist一个诗人兼画家,做主语用单数谓语形式;时态是明天下午将来, 用进行时表将来. 答案: A [小结]：对于一般将来时的掌握，特别要能记住和区分它的各种表达形式， 如：be to do sth, be doing, be going to do, will do, be about to do, 一般现在时表将来等。

33 [例3]： 考查过去进行时 [例题]： Shirley a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished. A．has written B．wrote C．had written D．was writing [解析]：本题一定要考虑后半句“但是我不知道他是否已完成”， 所以应理解成去年（我看到他时），他当时正在写一本书。用过去进行时。答案：D [演变]: [2005太原质检]：--- Sorry to have interrupt you. Please go on. --- Where was I ? --- You _____ you didn’t like your father’s job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying [点拨]：注意情景隐藏的时间状语: 在你被打断的时候,你正在讲….用过去进行时. 答案:C [小结]：现在的题目一般不会给你明显的时间状语，往往要很好地理解情景，去挖掘隐含的时间状语。

34 Consolidation: [‘91] ---Have you moved into the new house?
---Not yet. The rooms ______. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting [‘91] The students ___ busily when Mrs Brown went to get a book she ____ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written;had left D. were writing; had left

35 [‘92] When Jack arrived he learned Mary ____
almost an hour. A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away [‘92] ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ____ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming [‘92] Tom ____ into the house when no one ___. A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked

36 [‘93] The pen I____ I____ is on my desk,right
under my nose. A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think;had lost D. thought; have lost [‘94] I don’t really work here; I ___ until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out

37 [‘95] --- ___the sports meet might be put off.
---Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told [‘95] I don’t think Jim saw me; he ______ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared [‘96] Helen ___ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband ___ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left;would come

38 [‘97] ---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
--- I ___ , but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did [‘98] Shirley ___ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she’s finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing [‘99] ---Hey, look where you are going! ---Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _____. A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice

39 [00] ---How are you today? ---Oh, I ___ as ill as I do now for a long time. A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt [01] Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change

40 [02] --- You haven’t said a word about my
new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? --- I’m sorry I ___ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say [02] I wonder why Jenny ___ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written

41 [03] All morning as she waited for the medical
report from the doctor, her nervousness ______. A.has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grew 本课件参考和选用了其他老师的部分教学内容, 在此表示感谢! 其中有不当之处请批评指正!