THE DISJUNCTIVE QUESTION

Presentation on theme: "THE DISJUNCTIVE QUESTION"— Presentation transcript:

1 THE DISJUNCTIVE QUESTION
厦大附中高三英语一轮复习 语法系列讲座（八） 反义疑问句之“大观园” THE DISJUNCTIVE QUESTION

2 综述：疑问句的类型 分类：四大类 一般疑问句
---Do you like black? ---Yes, I do. /No, I don’t 特殊疑问句 --- What’s your favourite fruit? --- I like pears. 选择疑问句 ---Which one do you like, the banana or the orange? ---I like the orange. 反义疑问句（即附加疑问句）(本节课重点)

3 反意问句考点分析 六大点： 1、祈使句的反意问句； 2、简单句的反义疑问句； 3、主从复合句的反意问句；
4、 I think +宾语从句的反意问句； 5、情态动词构成的反意疑问句 6、几种特殊规则

4 反义疑问句定义：在陈述句之后附加上一个简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫做反意疑问句。
基本构成形式： 1：陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定形式 They work hard, don’t they? She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she? 2：陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 You didn’t go, did you? He can’t ride a bike, can he?

5 注意事项： He's an engineer, isn't he?↑
1.在朗读时，反意疑问句的前部分用降调，后部分在表疑问时用升调，在表强调时用降调。 He's an engineer, isn't he?↑ It's a fine day today, isn't it?↓ 2.附加问句如果是否定式，一般应用缩略形式 We need to practise speaking English more often, don't we? He ought to know what to do, oughtn‘t he?

6 3.对反意疑问句的回答，肯定或否定要前后保持一致，即前面用“ yes ”，后面必须是肯定；前面用“no ”，后面必须是否定。
 --- She isn’t a student, is she? --- No, she isn’t. / Yes, she is. 4.在回答前否定（陈述句）+后肯定（简略问句）的反意疑问句时，答语中“yes ”和“no”的翻译恰好与汉语相反， ---He isn't a pianist, is he? 他不是钢琴家，是吗？ ---Yes , he is . (No, he isn't.) 不，他是钢琴家。（对，他不是钢琴家。）

7 5.反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致。
① He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he? ② They have known the matter, haven’t they? 6.反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。 ① They will go to town soon, won’t they? ② He works very hard, doesn’t he? 7.反意疑问句中问句部分主语一般和陈述部分的主语一致，但有例外现象，注意逐一观察。

8 反意疑问句的解答步骤 Jack wasn’t playing soccer, ____ ___?
Their parents have gone to London, ___________? I have never been to the park, ____ ___？ You have a good friend, ______ ____? We had a meeting, _____ ____? 1. 判定（判断该用肯定还是否定）； 2. 找动（确定句子的助动词类型或情态动词：be、do和完成have的适当形式以及情态动词的形式）； 3. 换代（将主语换为代词）； was he haven’t they have I don’t you didn’t we

9 简单句的反义疑问句 2. 一般动词(play, study, watch 等)句型：
1.含有be动词（is, are, was, were）的句型： 现在： 主语+is (are)…, isn’t (aren’t) + 主语？ 过去： 主语+was (were)…,wasn’t (weren’t) + 主语？ You are not students, _______? The students are going to have a picnic,_______________? The Greens weren’t at home last night, ______________? are you aren’t they were they 2. 一般动词(play, study, watch 等)句型： 现在 主语+play/plays…, don’t (doesn’t) + 主语？ 过去 主语+played…, didn’t + 主语？ Your mother likes cooking, doesn’t she? The plane took off an hour ago, didn’t it? You have a good time, don’t you?

10 3. 情态动词(can, will)的反意疑问句 4. 完成时的反意疑问句
主语+can/will …, can’t /won’t + 主语？ Tom can swim very well, ________? Your parents can’t swim, ________? All of your friends will come to your party, _________? can’t he can they won’t they 4. 完成时的反意疑问句 主语+have/has+过去分词…, haven’t (hasn’t) + 主语？ He has been to America, ? Marry hasn’t lived in the countryside, ? You haven’t been to Shanghai, ? hasn’t he has she have you

11 5.当陈述句部分有hardly, seldom, few, little, no, no one, nothing, nobody, never, nowhere ,nor, neither…nor, too…to等否定词或半否定词时, 反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。 His sister seldom argues with people, does she? She could nowhere find his wallet, could he? He is neither a teacher nor a worker, is he? No one here can dance, can they / he? 但: 当陈述部分含有由 un, in , im, il, ir 等否定前缀构成的 派生词时，虽意思是“不”，但疑问部分仍要用否定式。 It is impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn’t it? Tom dislikes swimming ,doesn’t he?

12 6、当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时，有两种情况:
（1）have作“有”解时，反意疑问句部分可用have或do的适当相应形式呼应。 His brother has a new bike, ______he? hasn’t doesn’t （2）have用作其它意义的实义动词（吃、患---病、举行 等）时，反意疑问句部分只可用do的适当相应形式呼应。 You have lunch at school,_________? Our school had a sports meet last month, _______? You had a cold yesterday, ________? don’t you didn’t it didn’t you

13 7. 陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或 主语从句时，疑问部分的主语通常用it。
Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, ______? Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, ________? 　 That he didn’t pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, ________? has it doesn’t it didn’t it 8.并列句的反意疑问句其疑问部分一般与最接近的分句的谓语保持一致 We must start at once or we can’t go there on time, He is a teacher but his wife isn’t a teacher, can we? is she?

14 9. There be 句型的反意疑问句 10. 感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式
There is/are/will be…, isn’t/aren’t/won’t there？ There are 60 students in our class, __________? There was nothing in the fridge,_________? There will be a paper factory near my home in about 2 years,__________? aren’t there was there won’t there 10. 感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式 What a foolish child (he is), isn’t he? What beautiful clothes (they are), aren’t they? 11. 口语中，为加强语气，表惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺 等感情而并不是为了寻求回答，这时前后两部分的肯定、 否定是一致的 Oh, he is a writer,_____? You’ll not go,_________? is he won’t you

15 1、当陈述句部分有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分有三种情况
情态动词构成的反意疑问句 1、当陈述句部分有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分有三种情况 1）must表示“禁止”时即mustn’t，反意疑问部分要must 。 You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? 2）must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分要needn’t。 They must finish the work today, needn’t they / don’t they? 3）当must用来表示“推测”时，意为“一定、必定” ①对现在的情况进行“推测”时，反意疑问句部分要用“isn’t / aren’t / don’t /doesn’t + 主语” He must be good at maths, isn’t he?

16 ②对过去的情况进行“推测” (must + have done)时,若陈述部分有表过去的时间状语，反意疑问句部分要用“wasn’t / weren’t / didn’t + 主语”；若陈述部分没有表过去的时间状语，反义疑问部分则用 “haven’t / hasn’t + 主语” She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she? You must have told her about it, haven’t you? ③对正在发生的动作进行“推测”（must be doing）时，疑问部分用isn’t / aren’t +主语 Tom must be cleaning his room now, isn’t he?

17 2、带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 dare (need) +主语。
We need not do it again, He dare not say so, need we ? dare he? 注意：当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词 do / does/ did + 主语。 She doesn’t dare to go home alone, does she? 3. 当陈述部分的主谓语是 I wish ……时，附加部分用 may I 。注意前后两部分用肯定形式。 I wish to fly to the moon, may I?

18 4、请注意以下情态动词的句子的反义疑问句 陈述部分 反义疑问部分 ought to ought /shouldn’t had better hadn’t would rather wouldn’t would like to wouldn’t used to usedn’t / didn’t have/has /had to don’t/doesn’t/didn’t You’d better finish your homework now, ___________ You would rather stay at home sleeping than go to the movies,___________ We have to work from 8:00 a.m. to 5:30p.m, _______ The old man used to smoke,_____________ You’d like to go climbing,____________ He ought to know the fact, ___________________ hadn’ t you? would’t you? don’ t we? didn’t/usedn’t he? wouldn’t you? oughtn’t/ shouldn’t you?

19 祈使句的反意问句 1. Let’s与let us的反意疑问句 shall we
Let’s have a rest, __________? (包括听话者) Let us have a rest, _________? (不包括听话者) will you 注意：let me / him后面的呼应形式也用will you 2. 祈使句的肯定形式，其反意问句表示“请求”时，通常用will you；表示“邀请、劝说、提醒注意”时,用won’t you。 Be sure to write to us, will you? Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you? Mike, you take all these tables out of the next room, will you? Don’t wait for me, will you?

20 主从复合句的反意问句 1.陈述句部分是主从复合句时, 反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。
She says that I did it,___________? I told them not everybody could do it , ________? This is the second time that he has been to Japan,__________？ He isn’t the man who gave the secret away to me, __________? It has been reported that the fire was caused by a careless worker, __________? You needn’t do that when your maid is here, ? When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, ? doesn’t she didn’t I isn’t it is he is he hasn’t it need you need you didn’t he

21 2.以下几个句型，附加疑问部分统统与主句呼应
This/It is the first/second---time that-clause, isn’t it? It will be +时间段 before-clause, won’t it? It is (high/about) time that-clause, isn’t it? It is/has been +时间段 since-clause, isn’t /hasn’t it? It was +时间点+when-clause, wasn’t it? She says that I did it,___________? I told them not everybody could do it , ________? This is the second time that he has been to Japan,________？ He isn’t the man who gave the secret away to me, ______? It has been reported that the fire was caused by a careless worker, ________? You needn’t do that when your maid is here,__________? When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, _______? doesn’t she didn’t I isn’t it is he hasn’t it need you need you

22 3.强调句型的反义疑问部分用be动词适当形式+it 呼应
It was Mary and her husband who sent the old man to the hospital, wasn’t? It must have been one day in September that I met him, wasn’t it It was not until yesterday that I knew the fact, was it?

23 I think +宾语从句的反意问句 当陈述部分的主语是I/we，谓语是think、believe、suppose、imagine、guess、expect、fancy、suspect等这类动词后接宾语从句时，附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。若陈述部分有注意否定转移 ，反义疑问部分用肯定形式 I suppose you are not serious, ? I expect you will have a good time there, ? I don’t believe he has finished, ? are you won’t you has he 但：反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think (believe, suppose---) + that从句时，反义疑问部分的动 词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。

24 Practice: They all think that English is very important,__________?
(不用isn’t it?)  He didn’t think that the news was true,______? (不用wasn’t/ was it?) don’t they did he Practice: I think he will be back in an hour, __________? I don’t suppose he cares, ________? Mary thinks that you will attend the party, ___________? Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now,____________? John knows much about the movie. I think he must have seen it, _________ ? won’t he? does he doesn’t she shouldn’t he hasn’t he

25 特殊情况的反义疑问句 1.当陈述句部分是I am…时, 反意疑问句部分通常要用aren’t I；如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时, 反意疑问句部分通常要用am I. I’m late for the meeting, aren’t I? I’m not doing well, am I? 2. 陈述部分的主语是 everything, nothing, anything 或something时，附加部分的主语应用it Everything seems all right now, _________? Nothing is kept in good order, ________? doesn’t it isn’t it

26 3、当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时，附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they。
This is important,______? That isn’t correct,______? These are your friends Tom and Jack, __________? is it isn’t it aren’t they 4 陈述部分的主语是everybody, anyone, somebody, no one, none, neither 时，附加部分的主语用he/ they; 陈述句的主语 如果是one，则附加疑问句的主语应当用one或he Everyone is here, aren’t they /isn’t he? Neither side could win, could they ? No one knows about it, do they /does he? One can’t be too careful, can one /can he? ?

27 Assignment Remember the rules of disjunctive questions
2. Preview INVERSION on page 135.